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Single-Component High-Resolution Dual-Tone EUV Photoresists Based on Precision Self-Immolative Polymers

Angewandte Chemie 2024年第3期137卷

作者： Dr. Jie Cen Wen Liu Dr. Jie Xu Xiuxia Wang Jialin Zhang Jin Zhang Prof. Dr. Zhengyu Deng Dr. Chenggang Zhou Prof. Dr. Jinming Hu Prof. Dr. Shiyong Liu Department of Pharmacy The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China and Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road 230026 Hefei Anhui Province China Center for Micro- and Nanoscale Research and Fabrication Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road 230026 Hefei Anhui Province China School of Chemistry and Materials Science University of Science and Technology of China and School of Biomedical Engineering Division of Life Sciences and Medicine University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road 230026 Hefei Anhui Province China and Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research University of Science and Technology of China 215123 Suzhou Jiangsu Province China

Electron beam (EB) and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography are advanced techniques capable of achieving sub-10 nm resolutions, critical for fabricating next-generation nanostructures and semiconductor devices. However, developing EUV photoresists that meet all demands for resolution, line edge roughness (LER), and sensitivity (RLS) remains a significant challenge. Herein, we introduce high-performance photoresists based on single-component self-immolative polymers (SIPs) with inherent signal amplification via cascade degradation. These SIPs function as dual-tone photoresists under both EB and EUV lithography, with performance primarily determined by the exposure dose. Lithographic evaluations show that discrete SIPs provide significant improvements over disperse counterparts, achieving higher resolution and reduced LER. Specifically, a discrete SIP with a DP of 12 produces a line-space pattern with a resolution of approximately 18 nm and an LER of 1.8 nm, compared to 21 nm resolution and 2.5 nm LER for disperse SIPs. Additionally, these SIP-based photoresists, enriched with aromatic structures, exhibit excellent etch resistance. The single-component nature and potential to address the RLS trade-off underscore the promise of discrete SIPs for EUV lithography.

关键词： self-immolative polymer precision polymer dual-tone photoresist electron beam lithography EUV lithography

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Transcriptomic Profiling of JEG-3 cells using human leiomyoma derived matrix

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Biomaterials and Biosystems 2022年 7卷 100056页

作者： Barmaki, Samineh Al-Samadi, Ahmed Leskinen, Katarzyna Wahbi, Wafa Jokinen, Ville Vuoristo, Sanna Salo, Tuula Kere, Juha Wedenoja, Satu Saavalainen, Päivi Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki Helsinki 00290 Finland Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Disease University of Helsinki Helsinki 00290 Finland Translational Immunology Research Program Department of Clinical and Medical Genetics University of Helsinki Helsinki 00290 Finland Department of Chemistry and Materials Science School of Chemical Engineering Aalto University Espoo 00076 Finland Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki 00290 Finland Department of Biosciences and Nutrition Karolinska Institutet Huddinge 14183 Sweden Folkhälsan Research Center Helsinki 00290 Finland Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program University of Helsinki Helsinki 00014 Finland Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program University of Helsinki and Folkhälsan Research Center Helsinki 00290 Finland

Oxygen tension varies during placental and fetal development. Although hypoxia drives early trophoblast invasion, low placental oxygen levels during pregnancy show association with pregnancy complications including fetal growth restriction and preeclampsia. JEG-3 cells are often used as a trophoblast model. We studied transcriptional changes of JEG-3 cells on a uterine leiomyoma derived matrix Myogel. This might be the closest condition to the real uterine environment that we can get for an in vitro model. We observed that culturing JEG-3 cells on the leiomyoma matrix leads to strong stimulation of ribosomal pathways, energy metabolism, and ATP production. Furthermore, Myogel improved JEG-3 cell adherence in comparison to tissue culture treated plastic. We also included PDMS microchip hypoxia creation, and observed changes in oxidative phosphorylation, oxygen related genes and several hypoxia genes. Our study highlights the effects of Myogel matrix on growing JEG-3 cells, especially on mitochondria, energy metabolism, and protein synthesis. © 2022 The Author(s)

关键词： Biomaterials Hypoxia JEG-3 Microenvironment Microfluidic Myogel Oxygen scavenger PDMS Placenta Pre-eclampsia

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Marangoni convection-driven laser fountains and waves on free surfaces of liquids

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Lin, Feng Quraishy, Aamir Nasir Tong, Tian Li, Runjia Yang, Guang Mohebinia, Mohammadjavad Qiu, Yi Vishal, Talari Zhao, Junyi Zhang, Wei Zhong, Hong Zhang, Hang Zhou, Chaofu Tong, Xin Yu, Peng Hu, Jonathan Dong, Suchuan Liu, Dong Wang, Zhiming Schaibley, John R. Bao, Jiming Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences University of Electronic Science and Technology of China ChengduSichuan610054 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Houston HoustonTX77204 United States Department of Physics University of Arizona TucsonAZ85721 United States James C. Wyant College of Optical Sciences University of Arizona TucsonAZ85721 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Houston HoustonTX77204 United States Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Houston HoustonTX77204 United States School of Science Southwest Petroleum University ChengduSichuan610500 China Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering Washington University in St. Louis St. LouisMO63130 United States Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Baylor University WacoTX76798 United States Department of Mathematics Purdue University West LafayetteIN47907 United States Department of Physics Texas Center for Superconductivity University of Houston HoustonTX77204 United States

It is well accepted that an outward Marangoni convection from a low surface tension region will make the surface depressed. Here, we report that this established perception is only valid for thin liquid films. Using surface laser heating, we show that in deep liquids a laser beam actually pulls up the fluid above the free surface generating fountains with different shapes. Whereas with decreasing liquid depth a transition from fountain to indentation with fountain-in-indentation is observed. Further, high-speed imaging reveals a transient surface process before steady elevation is formed, and this dynamic deformation is subsequently utilized to resonantly excite giant surface waves by a modulated laser beam. Computational fluid dynamics models reveal the underlying flow patterns and quantify the depth-dependent and time-resolved surface deformations. Our discoveries and techniques have upended the century-old perception and opened up a new regime of interdisciplinary research and applications of Marangoni-induced interface phenomena and optocapillary fluidic surfaces - the control of fluids with light. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Deformation

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Automated Assessment of Balance Rehabilitation Exercises With a Data-Driven Scoring Model: Algorithm Development and Validation Study

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JMIR Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies 2022年第3期9卷 e37229页

作者： Tsakanikas, Vassilios Gatsios, Dimitris Pardalis, Athanasios Tsiouris, Kostas M. Georga, Eleni Bamiou, Doris-Eva Pavlou, Marousa Nikitas, Christos Kikidis, Dimitrios Walz, Isabelle Maurer, Christoph Fotiadis, Dimitrios Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Ioannina Ioannina Greece Ear Institute University College London London United Kingdom Biomedical Research Centre Hearing and Deafness University College London Hospitals London United Kingdom Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences King's College London London United Kingdom First Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Hippokrateio General Hospital National Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Medical Center University of Freiburg Faculty of Medicine University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany Biomedical Research Institute Ioannina Greece

Background: Balance rehabilitation programs represent the most common treatments for balance disorders. Nonetheless, lack of resources and lack of highly expert physiotherapists are barriers for patients to undergo individualized rehabilitation sessions. Therefore, balance rehabilitation programs are often transferred to the home environment, with a considerable risk of the patient misperforming the exercises or failing to follow the program at all. Holobalance is a persuasive coaching system with the capacity to offer full-scale rehabilitation services at home. Holobalance involves several modules, from rehabilitation program management to augmented reality coach presentation. Objective: The aim of this study was to design, implement, test, and evaluate a scoring model for the accurate assessment of balance rehabilitation exercises, based on data-driven techniques. Methods: The data-driven scoring module is based on an extensive data set (approximately 1300 rehabilitation exercise sessions) collected during the Holobalance pilot study. It can be used as a training and testing data set for training machine learning (ML) models, which can infer the scoring components of all physical rehabilitation exercises. In that direction, for creating the data set, 2 independent experts monitored (in the clinic) 19 patients performing 1313 balance rehabilitation exercises and scored their performance based on a predefined scoring rubric. On the collected data, preprocessing, data cleansing, and normalization techniques were applied before deploying feature selection techniques. Finally, a wide set of ML algorithms, like random forests and neural networks, were used to identify the most suitable model for each scoring component. Results: The results of the trained model improved the performance of the scoring module in terms of more accurate assessment of a performed exercise, when compared with a rule-based scoring model deployed at an early phase of the system (k-statistic valu

关键词： balance rehabilitation exercises exercise evaluation persuasive coaching system scoring model

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Nanostructure formation on Ti-Nb alloys promote better surface properties designed for biological applications

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Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects 2025年 43卷

作者： M.C. Rossi N. Rangel DM. Silva e Silva P.AB. Kuroda V. Amigó C.R.M. Afonso Materials Engineering Department (DEMa) Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar) São Carlos SP 13.565-905 Brazil Graduation Program in Materials Science and Engineering (PPG-CEM) Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar) São Carlos SP 13.565-905 Brazil UNILA – Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana Foz do Iguaçu PR 85870-650 Brazil Universitat Politècnica de València Institut de Tecnologia de Materials Camí de Vera S/n València 46022 Spain

Anodizing was employed to produce organized TiO₂ nanotubular structures (NTs) on two titanium alloys: Ti-15Nb (TN15), which exhibits both bcc and hcp crystal structures (α′ + β phases), and Ti-40Nb (TN40), characterized by a stable β phase. The electrochemical treatment was conducted under different potentials (10 V and 20 V) and durations (1 h and 2 h). Following anodization, samples underwent thermal treatment to transform the initially amorphous NT layers into crystalline phases. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the amorphous nature of the as-anodized surfaces, which crystallized into anatase and rutile phases after heating. Structural and microstructural features were analyzed via XRD, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM), which were used to assess surface roughness, NT length, and diameter. Wettability and surface free energy were evaluated using the sessile drop contact angle method. This study investigates how anodization parameters and alloy composition affect the crystallinity, morphology, and surface properties of TiO₂ NTs. TN15 samples exhibited α-phase Ti with a mix of anatase and rutile, while TN40 samples showed dominant β-phase Ti and greater rutile content. NTs on TN15 were more uniformly aligned, whereas TN40 formed NTs in isolated domains. Longer anodization times and higher voltages increased NT length and diameter. Notably, surface wettability improved with greater anatase content—particularly in TN15–2h-10V (contact angle ∼7°)—highlighting the influence of Nb content, anodization conditions, and heat treatment on tuning NT functionality for biomedical applications.

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Deformation mechanism and dynamic precipitation in a Mg-7Al-2Sn alloy processed by surface mechanical attrition treatment

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Journal of materials science & Technology 2019年第7期35卷 1473-1478页

作者： Xiaoying Shi Yangxin Li Xiaoqin Zeng Yong Liu Bin Chen Jian Lu Dejiang Li National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composite Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China Commercial Aircraft Engine Company Limited Aero Engine Corporation of ChinaShanghai200241China Key Laboratory of Near Net Forming of Jiangxi Province Nanchang UniversityNanchang330031China School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240 Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering City University of Hong KongKow-loonHong Kong999077China

The effect of second phases on the deformation mechanism of as-cast, solution-treated and aged Mg-7Al-2Sn (AT72) alloys during surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) was investigated. Twinning was suppressed in the alloys containing second phases, which can provide nonuniform microstructures and phase boundaries as dislocation sources. Dynamic precipitation in AT72 alloys was studied during SMAT deformation as ***2Sn particles can dynamically precipitate on the surface of all AT72 alloys during SMAT process. The quantity of Mg2Sn particles in the as-cast alloy, which is determined by the initial quantity of second phases, is larger than that of T4 and T6 alloys after the SMAT process.

关键词： Magnesium alloys Surface mechanical attrition treatment Deformation mechanism Dynamic precipitation

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Multivalent‐Interaction‐Driven Assembly of Discrete, Flexible, and Asymmetric Supramolecular Protein Nano‐Prisms

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Angewandte Chemie 2020年第51期132卷 23444-23451页

作者： Suyeong Han Dr. Yu‐na Kim Gyunghee Jo Dr. Young Eun Kim Prof. Dr. Ho Min Kim Dr. Jeong‐Mo Choi Prof. Dr. Yongwon Jung Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Korea These authors contributed equally to this work. Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program KAIST Daejeon 34141 Korea Graduate School of Medical Science & Engineering KAIST Daejeon 34141 Korea Center for Biomolecular & Cellular Structure Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34126 Korea Natural Science Research Institute KAIST Daejeon 34141 Korea Department of Chemistry Busan National University Busan 46241 Korea

Multivalent interactions between protein‐oligomer‐fused binding pairs allowed highly monodisperse assembly of two protein oligomers, where spacing between oligomers can be widely varied. Two different oligomers or three oligomers can also be discretely assembled into protein layer structures via this *** approaches to design monodisperse protein assemblies require rigid, tight, and symmetric interactions between oligomeric protein units. Herein, we introduce a new multivalent‐interaction‐driven assembly strategy that allows flexible, spaced, and asymmetric assembly between protein oligomers. We discovered that two polygonal protein oligomers (ranging from triangle to hexagon) dominantly form a discrete and stable two‐layered protein prism nanostructure via multivalent interactions between fused binding pairs. We demonstrated that protein nano‐prisms with long flexible peptide linkers (over 80 amino acids) between protein oligomer layers could be discretely formed. Oligomers with different structures could also be monodispersely assembled into two‐layered but asymmetric protein nano‐prisms. Furthermore, producing higher‐order architectures with multiple oligomer layers, for example, 3‐layered nano‐prisms or nanotubes, was also *** a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re‐organized for online delivery, but are not copy‐edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the *** note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.

关键词： multivalent interaction protein assembly protein design protein engineering protein–protein interactions

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The CBIT + TMS trial: study protocol for a two-phase randomized controlled trial testing neuromodulation to augment behavior therapy for youth with chronic tics

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Trials 2023年第1期24卷 439-439页

作者： Conelea, Christine Greene, Deanna J. Alexander, Jennifer Houlihan, Kerry Hodapp, Sarah Wellen, Brianna Francis, Sunday Mueller, Bryon Hendrickson, Tim Tseng, Angela Chen, Mo Fiecas, Mark Lim, Kelvin Opitz, Alexander Jacob, Suma Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain University of Minnesota 2025 E. River Parkway Minneapolis 55414 MN United States Department of Cognitive Science University of California San Diego San Diego United States Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences University of Minnesota Minneapolis United States Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain University of Minnesota Informatics Institute Minneapolis United States Non-Invasive Neuromodulation Lab Brain Conditions MnDRIVE Initiative University of Minnesota Minneapolis United States Neuroscience Program Research Department Gillette Children’s Specialty Healthcare Saint Paul United States School of Public Health Division of Biostatistics University of Minnesota Minneapolis United States Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Minnesota Minneapolis United States

Background: Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics (CBIT) is a first-line treatment for tic disorders that aims to improve controllability over tics that an individual finds distressing or impairing. However, it is only effective for approximately half of patients. Supplementary motor area (SMA)-directed neurocircuitry plays a strong role in motor inhibition, and activity in this region is thought to contribute to tic expression. Targeted modulation of SMA using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) may increase CBIT efficacy by improving patients' ability to implement tic controllability behaviors. Methods: The CBIT + TMS trial is a two-phase, milestone-driven early-stage randomized controlled trial. The trial will test whether augmenting CBIT with inhibitory, non-invasive stimulation of SMA with TMS modifies activity in SMA-mediated circuits and enhances tic controllability in youth ages 12–21 years with chronic tics. Phase 1 will directly compare two rTMS augmentation strategies (1 Hz rTMS vs. cTBS) vs. sham in N = 60 participants. Quantifiable, a priori “Go/No Go Criteria” guide the decision to proceed to phase 2 and the selection of the optimal TMS regimen. Phase 2 will compare the optimal regimen vs. sham and test the link between neural target engagement and clinical outcomes in a new sample of N = 60 participants. Discussion: This clinical trial is one of few to date testing TMS augmentation of therapy in a pediatric sample. The results will provide insight into whether TMS is a potentially viable strategy for enhancing CBIT efficacy and reveal potential neural and behavioral mechanisms of change. Trial registration: *** NCT04578912 . Registered on October 8, 2020. © 2023, The Author(s).

关键词： Behavior therapy Neuromodulation Pediatric Tic Tourette Transcranial magnetic stimulation

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Roadmap for Animate Matter

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Volpe, Giorgio Araújo, Nuno A.M. Guix, Maria Miodownik, Mark Martin, Nicolas Alvarez, Laura Simmchen, Juliane Leonardo, Roberto Di Pellicciotta, Nicola Martinet, Quentin Palacci, Jérémie Ng, Wai Kit Saxena, Dhruv Sapienza, Riccardo Nadine, Sara Mano, João F. Mahdavi, Reza Adiels, Caroline Beck Forth, Joe Santangelo, Christian Palagi, Stefano Seok, Ji Min Webster-Wood, Victoria A. Wang, Shuhong Yao, Lining Aghakhani, Amirreza Barois, Thomas Kellay, Hamid Coulais, Corentin van Hecke, Martin Pierce, Christopher J. Wang, Tianyu Chong, Baxi Goldman, Daniel I. Reina, Andreagiovanni Trianni, Vito Volpe, Giovanni Beckett, Richard Nair, Sean P. Armstrong, Rachel Department of Chemistry University College London 20 Gordon Street LondonWC1H 0AJ United Kingdom Departamento de Física Faculdade de Ciências Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa1749-016 Portugal Centro de Física Teórica e Computacional Faculdade de Ciências Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa1749-016 Portugal Department of Materials Science and Physical Chemistry Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry University of Barcelona Barcelona Catalonia08028 Spain Department of Mechanical Engineering University College London London United Kingdom University of Bordeaux CNRS Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal UMR 5031 115 Avenue du Dr. Albert Schweitzer Pessac33600 France Pure and Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde United Kingdom Department of Physics "Sapienza" University of Rome Rome00185 Italy NANOTEC-CNR Institute of Nanotechnology Soft and Living Matter Laboratory Rome00185 Italy Klosterneuburg Austria Blackett Laboratory Department of Physics Imperial College London London United Kingdom CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro Campus Universitário de Santiago Aveiro3810-193 Portugal Department of Physics University of Gothenburg GothenburgSE-41296 Sweden Department of Physics University of Liverpool Crown Street LiverpoolL69 7ZD United Kingdom Department of Chemistry University of Liverpool Oxford Street LiverpoolL69 7ZE United Kingdom Physics Department Syracuse University SyracuseNY13244 United States The BioRobotics Institute Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies Tuscany Pisa56025 Italy Department of Mechanical Engineering Carnegie Mellon University United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Department of Biomedical Engineering The Robotics Institute Carnegie Mellon University United States Morphing Matter Lab Mechanical Engineering UC Berkeley United States Zhejiang University China Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular

Humanity has long sought inspiration from nature to innovate materials and devices. As science advances, nature-inspired materials are becoming part of our lives. Animate materials, characterized by their activity, adaptability, and autonomy, emulate properties of living systems. While only biological materials fully embody these principles, artificial versions are advancing rapidly, promising transformative impacts across various sectors. This roadmap presents authoritative perspectives on animate materials across different disciplines and scales, highlighting their interdisciplinary nature and potential applications in diverse fields including nanotechnology, robotics and the built environment. It underscores the need for concerted efforts to address shared challenges such as complexity management, scalability, evolvability, interdisciplinary collaboration, and ethical and environmental considerations. The framework defined by classifying materials based on their level of animacy can guide this emerging field encouraging cooperation and responsible development. By unravelling the mysteries of living matter and leveraging its principles, we can design materials and systems that will transform our world in a more sustainable manner. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Biotic

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Author Correction: Sub-femtonewton force sensing in solution by super-resolved photonic force microscopy

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Nature Photonics 2024年 998页

作者： Xuchen Shan Dajing Wang Jinlong Shi Hongyan Zhu Xiaolan Zhong Baolei Liu Weichang Hao Fan Wang Lei Ding Qian Peter Su Shihui Wen Dayong Jin Lei Jiang Chaohao Chen Yang Wang Zhaocun Huang Lingqian Chang Shen S. J. Wang Peter John Reece Wei Ren Xunyu Lu Jie Lu Lingdong Sun School of Physics Beihang University Beijing People’s Republic of China Science and Technology Center for Quantum Biology National Institute of Extremely-Weak Magnetic Field Infrastructure Hangzhou People’s Republic of China School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology University of Technology Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia Centre for Atomaterials and Nanomanufacturing School of Science RMIT University Melbourne Victoria Australia Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices (IBMD) School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences Faculty of Science University of Technology Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia Eastern Institute for Advanced Study Eastern Institute of Technology Ningbo People’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfaces Sciences Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People’s Republic of China Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems Department of Electronic Materials Engineering Research School of Physics The Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Ministry of Education) Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Beihang University Beijing People’s Republic of China Computing and Information Systems Department Melbourne School of Engineering University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia School of Physics The University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi’an People’s Republic of China Particles and Catalysis Research Laboratory School of Chemical Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia Australian Artificial Intelligence Institute Faculty of Engineering and IT University of Technology

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