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Superstable lipid vacuoles endow cartilage with its shape and biomechanics

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science (New York, N.Y.) 2025年第6730期387卷 eads9960页

作者： Ramos, Raul Pham, Kim T. Prince, Richard C. Leiser-Miller, Leith B. Prasad, Maneeshi S. Wang, Xiaojie Nordberg, Rachel C. Bielajew, Benjamin J. Hu, Jerry C. Yamaga, Kosuke Oh, Ji Won Peng, Tao Datta, Rupsa Astrowskaja, Aksana Almet, Axel A. Burns, John T. Liu, Yuchen Guerrero-Juarez, Christian Fernando Tran, Bryant Q. Chu, Yi-Lin Nguyen, Anh M. Hsi, Tsai-Ching Lim, Norman T-L Schoeniger, Sandra Liu, Ruiqi Pai, Yun-Ling Vadivel, Chella K. Ingleby, Sandy McKechnie, Andrew E. van Breukelen, Frank Hoehn, Kyle L. Rasweiler, John J. Kohara, Michinori Loughry, William J. Weldy, Scott H. Cosper, Raymond Yang, Chao-Chun Lin, Sung-Jan Cooper, Kimberly L. Santana, Sharlene E. Bradley, Jeffrey E. Kiebish, Michael A. Digman, Michelle James, David E. Merrill, Amy E. Nie, Qing Schilling, Thomas F. Astrowski, Aliaksandr A. Potma, Eric O. García-Castro, Martín I Athanasiou, Kyriacos A. Behringer, Richard R. Plikus, Maksim V. Department of Developmental and Cell Biology University of California Irvine CA United States Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center University of California Irvine CA United States Department of Chemistry University of California Irvine CA United States Department of Biomedical Engineering University of California Irvine CA United States Department of Biology University of Washington Seattle WA United States Division of Biomedical Sciences School of Medicine University of California Riverside CA United States Department of Biochemistry Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences State University of New York at Buffalo Buffalo NY United States Department of Anatomy College of Medicine Yonsei University Seoul South Korea Department of Anatomy School of Medicine Kyungpook National University Daegu South Korea Biomedical Research Institute Kyungpook National University Hospital Daegu South Korea Department of Mathematics University of California Irvine CA United States Center for Complex Biological Systems University of California Irvine CA United States Scientific Research Laboratory of Molecular Medicine Grodna State Medical University Belarus NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research University of California Irvine CA United States National Institute of Education Republic of Singapore Singapore Institute of Veterinary Pathology Leipzig University Leipzig Germany Discovery Life Sciences Biomarker Services GmbH Kassel Germany Institute of Biomedical Engineering College of Medicine and College of Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center Department of Immunology and Microbiology University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark Australian Museum NSW Sydney Australia Mammal Research Institute Department of Zoology and Entomology University of Pretoria Hatfield South Africa South African National Biodiversity Institute Pretoria South Africa School of Life Sciences Un

Conventionally, the size, shape, and biomechanics of cartilages are determined by their voluminous extracellular matrix. By contrast, we found that multiple murine cartilages consist of lipid-filled cells called lipochondrocytes. Despite resembling adipocytes, lipochondrocytes were molecularly distinct and produced lipids exclusively through de novo lipogenesis. Consequently, lipochondrocytes grew uniform lipid droplets that resisted systemic lipid surges and did not enlarge upon obesity. Lipochondrocytes also lacked lipid mobilization factors, which enabled exceptional vacuole stability and protected cartilage from shrinking upon starvation. Lipid droplets modulated lipocartilage biomechanics by decreasing the tissue's stiffness, strength, and resilience. Lipochondrocytes were found in multiple mammals, including humans, but not in nonmammalian tetrapods. Thus, analogous to bubble wrap, superstable lipid vacuoles confer skeletal tissue with cartilage-like properties without "packing foam-like" extracellular matrix.

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Stratifying vascular disease patients into homogeneous subgroups using machine learning and FLAIR MRI biomarkers

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Npj imaging

Npj imaging 2024年第1期2卷 56页

作者： Karissa Chan Corinne Fischer Pejman Jabehdar Maralani Sandra E Black Alan R Moody April Khademi Department of Electrical Computer and Biomedical Engineering Toronto Metropolitan University Toronto ON Canada. Institute for Biomedical Engineering Science Tech (iBEST) a Partnership between St. Michael's Hospital and Toronto Metropolitan University Toronto ON Canada. Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science St. Michael's Hospital Unity Health Network Toronto ON Canada. Department of Medical Imaging University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada. Institute of Medical Science University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada. Horvitz Brain Sciences Research Program Sunnybrook Research Institute Toronto ON Canada. Division of Neurology Department of Medicine Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre Toronto ON Canada. L.C. Campbell Cognitive Neurology Research Unit Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre Toronto ON Canada. Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence Toronto ON Canada.

This study proposes a framework to stratify vascular disease patients based on brain health and cerebrovascular disease (CVD) risk using regional FLAIR biomarkers. Intensity and texture biomarkers were extracted from FLAIR volumes of 379 atherosclerosis patients. K-Means clustering identified five homogeneous subgroups. The 15 most important biomarkers for subgroup differentiation, identified via Random Forest classification, were used to generate biomarker profiles. ANOVA tests showed age and white matter lesion volume were significantly ( < 0.05) different across subgroups, while Fisher's tests revealed significant ( < 0.05) differences in the prevalence of several vascular risk factors across subgroup. Based on biomarker and clinical profiles, Subgroup 4 was characterized with neurodegeneration unrelated to CVD, Subgroup 3 identified patients with high CVD risk requiring aggressive intervention, and Subgroups 1, 2, and 5 identified patients with varying levels of moderate risk, suitable for long-term lifestyle interventions. This study supports personalized treatment and risk stratification based on FLAIR biomarkers.

关键词： Brain imaging Image processing

Correction: Tuning the catalytic performance of CaSnO 3 by developing an S-scheme p–n heterojunction through Ag 6 Si 2 O 7 doping

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Catalysis science & Technology 2023年第23期13卷 6850-6850页

作者： Navid Hussain Shah Muhammad Abbas Muhammad Qasim Muhammad Sulaman Muhammad Imran Sohail Azmat Yanyan Cui Yaling Wang Beijing Engineering Research Center of Mixed Reality and Advanced Display School of Optics and Photonics Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China cuiyanyan@*** School of Physics Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science & Engineering School of Materials Science & Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China Department of Chemistry University of Bari Aldo Moro Bari Italy CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China 100190 China wangyl@***

Correction for ‘Tuning the catalytic performance of CaSnO 3 by developing an S-scheme p–n heterojunction through Ag 6 Si 2 O 7 doping’ by Navid Hussain Shah et al. , Catal. Sci. Technol. , 2023, https://***/10.1039...

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Organizing Enzymes on Self-Assembled Protein Cages for Cascade Reactions

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Angewandte Chemie 2022年第52期134卷

作者： Prof. Wei Kang Xiao Ma Deepika Kakarla Prof. Huawei Zhang Prof. Yunming Fang Prof. Baizhu Chen Kongfu Zhu Danni Zheng Zhiyue Wu Prof. Bo Li Prof. Chuang Xue State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Frontiers Science Centre for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering School of Bioengineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology Ningbo 315016 China Department of Mechanical Engineering Kennesaw State University GA 0060 Marietta USA Department of Biomedical Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China National Energy Research Centre for Biorefinery Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China School of Biomedical Engineering SUN YAT-SEN University Shenzhen 518000 China

Cells use self-assembled biomaterials such as lipid membranes or proteinaceous shells to coordinate thousands of reactions that simultaneously take place within crowded spaces. However, mimicking such spatial organization for synthetic applications in engineered systems remains a challenge, resulting in inferior catalytic efficiency. In this work, we show that protein cages as an ideal scaffold to organize enzymes to enhance cascade reactions both in vitro and in living cells. We demonstrate that not only enzyme-enzyme distance but also the improved K m value contribute to the enhanced reaction rate of cascade reactions. Three sequential enzymes for lycopene biosynthesis have been co-localized on the exterior of the engineered protein cages in Escherichia coli , leading to an 8.5-fold increase of lycopene production by streamlining metabolic flux towards its biosynthesis. This versatile system offers a powerful tool to achieve enzyme spatial organization for broad applications in biocatalysis.

关键词： Cascade Reactions Enzymes Protein Cages Self-Assembly

Tantalum carbide nanoparticles as enzyme mimics for x-ray computed tomography imaging and unlabeled localization in mice

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Chen, Tongming Tian, Xiumei Wu, Xiaoju Zeng, Ao Chen, Yuan Yang, Guowei State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies Nanotechnology Research Center School of Physics School of Materials Science and Engineering Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou Guangdong510275 China Department of Biomedical Engineering School of Basic Medical Sciences Affiliated Stomatology Hospital Sino-French Hoffmann Institute Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou510182 China

Nanoparticles contrast medium to enhance performance of X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging are desirable. Their clinical translation requires biodistribution and pharmacodynamics assessing in vivo. Herein, we for the first time reported that tantalum carbide nanoparticles (TCNPs) synthesized by a one-step laser ablation method are suitable probes for CT imaging. Measurements showed that Hounsfield units value of TCNPs was greater than that of Iohexol in the same concentration and in vivo X-ray CT imaging using TCNPs accounted for bright and high-resolution CT images with long circulation time. More importantly, we made the surprising discovery that TCNPs catalyze the color reaction of enzyme substrate incorporated with H2O2, similar to that of natural horseradish peroxidase. Based on this reaction, a simple one-step histochemical method was proposed for visualizing and quantifying the localization of TCNPs in the tissues or organs and further determining their biodistribution in mice. The novel approach avoids complex labeling and renders the possibility to learn the real state of TCNPs as contrast medium. These results proposed TCNPs are promising dual-functional agents for imaging and ex vivo localization. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nanoparticles

The Japanese Vision for the Black Hole Explorer Mission

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Akiyama, Kazunori Niinuma, Kotaro Hada, Kazuhiro Doi, Akihiro Hagiwara, Yoshiaki Higuchi, Aya E. Honma, Mareki Kawashima, Tomohisa Kolev, Dimitar Koyama, Shoko Masui, Sho Ohsuga, Ken Sano, Hidetoshi Takami, Hideki Tsunetoe, Yuh Uzawa, Yoshinori Akahori, Takuya Akiyama, Yuto Galison, Peter Hayashi, Takayuki J. Hirota, Tomoya Inoue, Makoto Iwata, Yuhei Johnson, Michael D. Kino, Motoki Kofuji, Yutaro Mizuno, Yosuke Moriyama, Kotaro Nagai, Hiroshi Nakamura, Kenta Notsu, Shota Ono, Fumie Oya, Yoko Oyama, Tomoaki Rana, Hannah Saida, Hiromi Saito, Ryo Saito, Yoshihiko Sasada, Mahito Sawada-Satoh, Satoko Takahashi, Mikiya M. Takamura, Mieko Tong, Edward Tsuji, Hiroyuki Yoshioka, Shogo Watanabe, Yoshimasa Massachusetts Institute of Technology Haystack Observatory WestfordMA01886 United States Mizusawa VLBI Observatory National Astronomical Observatory of Japan Iwate023-0861 Japan Black Hole Initiative Harvard University CambridgeMA02138 United States Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation Yamaguchi University Yamaguchi753-8512 Japan The Graduate School of Science Nagoya City University Aichi467-0001 Japan Institute of Space and Astronautical Science Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Kanagawa252-5210 Japan Department of Space and Astronautical Science The Graduate University for Advanced Studies SOKENDAI Kanagawa229-8510 Japan Natural Science Laboratory Toyo University Tokyo112-8606 Japan Division of Science School of Science and Engineering Tokyo Denki University Saitama350-0394 Japan Department of Astronomy Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo Tokyo113-0033 Japan Institute for Cosmic Ray Research The University of Tokyo Chiba277-8582 Japan Space Communication Systems Laboratory Wireless Networks Research Center National Institute of Information and Communications Technology Tokyo184-8795 Japan Graduate School of Science and Technology Niigata University Niigata950-2181 Japan Advanced Technology Center National Astronomical Observatory of Japan Tokyo181-8588 Japan Center for Computational Sciences University of Tsukuba Ibaraki305-8577 Japan Faculty of Engineering Gifu University Gifu501-1193 Japan Harvard University CambridgeMA02138 United States Azabu Junior and Senior High School Tokyo106-0046 Japan Astronomical Science Program The Graduate University for Advanced Studies SOKENDAI Tokyo181-8588 Japan Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica Taipei10617 Taiwan Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian CambridgeMA02138 United States Kogakuin University of Technology & Engineering Academic Support Center 2665-1 Nakano Hachioji Tokyo192-0015 Japan Tsung-Dao Lee Institut

The Black Hole Explorer (BHEX) is a next-generation space very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) mission concept that will extend the ground-based millimeter/submillimeter arrays into space. The mission, closely aligned with the science priorities of the Japanese VLBI community, involves an active engagement of this community in the development of the mission, resulting in the formation of the Black Hole Explorer Japan Consortium. Here we present the current Japanese vision for the mission, ranging from scientific objectives to instrumentation. The Consortium anticipates a wide range of scientific investigations, from diverse black hole physics and astrophysics studied through the primary VLBI mode, to the molecular universe explored via a potential single-dish observation mode in the previously unexplored 50-70 GHz band that would make BHEX the highest-sensitivity explorer ever of molecular oxygen. A potential major contribution for the onboard instrument involves supplying essential elements for its high-sensitivity dual-band receiving system, which includes a broadband 300 GHz SIS mixer and a space-certified multi-stage 4.5K cryocooler akin to those used in the Hitomi and XRISM satellites by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency. Additionally, the Consortium explores enhancing and supporting BHEX operations through the use of millimeter/submillimeter facilities developed by the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, coupled with a network of laser communication stations operated by the National Institute of Information and Communication Technology. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Radio astronomy

Decoding grain boundary thermodynamics in high-entropy alloys in a 5D space: Coupled segregation and disordering

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Hu, Chongze Luo, Jian Department of Nanoengineering University of California San Diego San DiegoCA92093 United States Program of Materials Science and Engineering University of California San Diego San DiegoCA92093 United States

Grain boundaries (GBs) can critically influence the microstructural evolution and various materials properties. However, a fundamental understanding of GBs in high-entropy alloys (HEAs) is lacking because of the complex couplings of the segregations of multiple elements and interfacial disordering, which can generate new phenomena and challenge the classical theories. Here, by combining large-scale atomistic simulations and machine learning, we demonstrate the feasibility of predicting the GB properties as functions of four independent compositional degrees of freedoms and temperature in a 5D space. Subsequently, GB counterparts to bulk phase diagrams are constructed for the first time for quinary HEAs. A data-driven discovery further reveals new coupled segregation and disordering effects in HEAs. Notably, an analysis of a large dataset discovers a critical compensation temperature at which the segregations of all elements virtually vanish simultaneously. While the machine learning model can predict GB properties via a black-box approach, a surrogate data-based analytical model (DBAM) is constructed to provide more physics insights and better transferability, with good accuracies. This study not only provides a new paradigm enabling prediction of GB properties in a 5D space, but also uncovers new GB segregation phenomena in HEAs beyond the classical GB segregation models. © 2020, CC BY.

关键词： Grain boundaries

Evaluation of porous bacterial cellulose produced from foam templating with different additives and its application in 3D cell culture

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International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 2023年第1期234卷 123680页

作者： Lin, Shin-Ping Singajaya, Stephanie Lo, Tsui-Yun Santoso, Shella Permatasari Hsu, Hsien-Yi Cheng, Kuan-Chen School of Food Safety Taipei Medical University 250 Wu-Hsing Street Taipei11031 Taiwan TMU Research Center for Digestive Medicine Taipei Medical University 250 Wu-Hsing Street Taipei11031 Taiwan Research Center of Biomedical Device Taipei Medical University 250 Wu-Hsing Street Taipei11031 Taiwan Institute of Biotechnology National Taiwan University 1 Roosevelt Rd. Sec. 4 Taipei10617 Taiwan Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology School of Medicine Taipei Medical University 250 Wu-Hsing Street Taipei11031 Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University Kalijudan 37 Surabaya60114 Indonesia Collaborative Research Center for Sustainable and Zero Waste Industries Kalijudan 37 East Java Surabaya60114 Indonesia School of Energy and Environment Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Tong518057 Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen518057 Hong Kong Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology National Taiwan University 1 Roosevelt Rd. Sec. 4 Taipei10617 Taiwan Department of Medical Research China Medical University Hospital China Medical University 91 Hsueh-Shih Rd. Taichung40402 Taiwan Department of Optometry Asia University 500 Lioufeng Rd. Wufeng Taichung41354 Taiwan

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is used in biomedical applications due to its unique material properties such as mechanical strength with a high water-absorbing capacity and biocompatibility. Nevertheless, native BC lacks porosity control which is crucial for regenerative medicine. Hence, developing a simple technique to change the pore sizes of BC has become an important issue. This study combined current foaming BC (FBC) production with incorporation of different additives (avicel, carboxymethylcellulose, and chitosan) to form novel porous additive-altered FBC. Results demonstrated that the FBC samples provided greater reswelling rates (91.57 % ~ 93.67 %) compared to BC samples (44.52 % ~ 67.5 %). Moreover, the FBC samples also showed excellent cell adhesion and proliferation abilities for NIH-3T3 cells. Lastly, FBC allowed cells to penetrate to deep layers for cell adhesion due to its porous structure, providing a competitive scaffold for 3D cell culture in tissue engineering. © 2023

关键词： Additives

A step forward from high-entropy ceramics to compositionally complex ceramics: a new perspective

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Wright, Andrew J. Luo, Jian Department of NanoEngineering University of California San Diego La JollaCA92093 United States Program of Materials Science and Engineering University of California San Diego La JollaCA92093 United States

High-entropy ceramics (HECs) have quickly gained attention since 2015. To date, nearly all work has focused on five-component, equimolar compositions. This perspective article briefly reviews different families of HECs and selected properties. Following a couple of our most recent studies, we propose a step forward to expand HECs to Compositionally Complex ceramics (CCCs) to include medium-entropy and non-equimolar compositions. Using defective fluorite and ordered pyrochlore oxides as two primary examples, we further consider the complexities of aliovalent cations and anion vacancies as well as ordered structures with two cation sublattices. Better thermally-insulating yet stiff CCCs have been found in non-equimolar compositions with optimal amounts of oxygen vacancies and in ordered pyrochlores with substantial size disorder. It is demonstrated that medium-entropy ceramics (MECs) can prevail over their high-entropy counterparts. The diversifying classes of CCCs provide even more possibilities than HECs to tailor the composition, defects, disorder/order, and, consequently, various properties. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Entropy