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arXiv 2020年

作者： Rahman, Tawsifur Khandakar, Amith Qiblawey, Yazan Tahir, Anas Kiranyaz, Serkan Kashem, Saad Bin Abul Islam, Mohammad Tariqul Maadeed, Somaya Al Zughaier, Susu M. Khan, Muhammad Salman Chowdhury, Muhammad E.H. Department of Biomedical Physics & Technology University of Dhaka Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh Department of Electrical Engineering Qatar University Doha2713 Qatar Faculty of Robotics and Advanced Computing Qatar Armed Forces‐Academic Bridge Program Qatar Foundation Doha24404 Qatar Dept. of Electrical Electronics and Systems Engineering Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia BangiSelangor43600 Malaysia Department of Computer Science and Engineering Qatar University Doha2713 Qatar Department of Basic Medical Sciences College of Medicine Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit QU Health Qatar University Doha2713 Qatar University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar Pakistan

The use of computer-aided diagnosis in the reliable and fast detection of corona virus disease (COVID-19) has become a necessity to prevent the spread of the virus during the pandemic to ease the burden on the medical infrastructure. Chest X-ray (CXR) imaging has several advantages over other imaging techniques as it is cheap, easily accessible, fast and portable. CXR images are sometimes of poor quality and so image enhancement techniques can help the machine learning models to extract valuable discriminating features from the image. Numerous works have been reported on COVID-19 detection from smaller set of original X-ray images. However, the effect of image enhancement in COVID-19 detection was not reported in the literature. This paper explores the effect of various popular image enhancement techniques and states the © 2020, CC BY.

关键词： Image enhancement

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Outcomes from a Workshop on a National Center for Quantum Education

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Barnes, Edwin Bennett, Michael B. Boltasseva, Alexandra Borish, Victoria Brown, Bennett Carr, Lincoln D. Ceballos, Russell R. Dukes, Faith Easton, Emily W. Economou, Sophia E. Edwards, E.E. Finkelstein, Noah D. Fracchiolla, C. Franklin, Diana Freericks, J.K. Goss, Valerie Hannum, Mark Holincheck, Nancy Kelly, Angela M. Lanes, Olivia Lewandowski, H.J. Matsler, Karen Jo Mercurio, Emily Montaño, Inès Murdock, Maajida Peltz, Kiera Perron, Justin K. Richardson, Christopher J.K. Rosenberg, Jessica L. Ross, Richard S. Ryu, Minjung Samuel, Raymond E. Schrode, Nicole Schwamberger, Susan Searles, Thomas A. Singh, Chandralekha Tingle, Alexandra Zwickl, Benjamin M. Department of Physics Virginia Tech Center for Quantum Information Science and Engineering Virginia Tech 850 West Campus Drive BlacksburgVA24061 United States Q-SEnSE NSF QLCI University of Colorado 440 UCB BoulderCO80301 United States Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Birck Nanotechnology Center Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute Purdue University 610 Purdue Mall West LafayetteIN47907 United States Quantum Science Center A National Quantum Information Science Research Center of The U.S. Department of Energy Oak Ridge National Laboratory 1 Bethel Valley Road Oak RidgeTN37830 United States JILA National Institute of Standards and Technology the University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States Department of Physics University of Colorado 390 UCB BoulderCO80309 United States QuSTEAM 510 Ronalds St. Iowa CityIA52245 United States Quantum Engineering Program Department of Physics Colorado School of Mines 1523 Illinois St. GoldenCO80401 United States QuSTEAM Non-Profit Wilbur Wright College City Colleges of Chicago 4300 N Narragansett Ave ChicagoIL60634 United States Government and Community Relations Office - K-12 Programs Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Road BerkeleyCA United States Chicago Quantum Exchange 5235 S. Harper Court ChicagoIL60615 United States Department of Physics Virginia Tech 850 West Campus Drive BlacksburgVA24060 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Duke Quantum Center Duke University Duke University 130 Hudson Hall DurhamNC27708 United States American Physical Society 555 12th St. NW WashingtonDC20004 United States Computer Science University of Chicago 5730 S. Ellis Ave. ChicagoIL60637 United States Department of Physics Georgetown University 552 Reiss Science Building WashingtonDC20057 United States Chemistry Physics and Engineering Studies Chicago State University 9501 S. King Drive WSC 309 ChicagoIL606

In response to numerous programs seeking to advance quantum education and workforce development in the United States, experts from academia, industry, government, and professional societies convened for a National science Foundation-sponsored workshop in February 2024 to explore the benefits and challenges of establishing a national center for quantum education. Broadly, such a center would foster collaboration and build the infrastructure required to develop a diverse and quantum-ready workforce. The workshop discussions centered around how a center could uniquely address gaps in public, K-12, and undergraduate quantum information science and engineering (QISE) education. Specifically, the community identified activities that, through a center, could lead to an increase in student awareness of quantum careers, boost the number of educators trained in quantum-related subjects, strengthen pathways into quantum careers, enhance the understanding of the U.S. quantum workforce, and elevate public engagement with QISE. Core proposed activities for the center include professional development for educators, coordinated curriculum development and curation, expanded access to educational laboratory equipment, robust evaluation and assessment practices, network building, and enhanced public engagement with quantum science. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Students

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Hybrid detectors for high-energy radiation based on borosilicate glass scintillator doped with Gd 3+ covered by photosensitive TiO 2 layer

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Radiation Physics and Chemistry 2025年 237卷

作者： P. Mangthong M. Kohout C.S. Ponseca Z. Hubička J. Kaewkhao S. Kothan K. Kirdsiri N. Srisittipokakun J. Olejníček M. Cadatal-Raduban Physics Program Faculty of Science and Technology Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University 73000 Thailand Center of Excellence in Glass Technology and Materials Science (CEGM) Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University Nakhon Pathom 73000 Thailand Department of Low Temperature Plasma Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences Na Slovance 1999/2 182 21 Prague 8 Czech Republic Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Gulf University for Science and Technology Hawally Kuwait Department of Physics School of Science and Engineering Ateneo De Manila University 1004 Manila Philippines Center of Radiation Research and Medical Imaging Department of Radiologic Technology Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand Unitec Institute of Technology 139 Carrington Road Mount Albert Auckland 1025 New Zealand Institute of Laser Engineering Osaka University 2-6 Yamadaoka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan

Vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) radiation, ranging from 100 to 200 nm (6.2–12.4 eV), is essential for applications in photonics, plasma diagnostics, and high-energy radiation monitoring. This study presents a hybrid VUV detector composed of a Gd 2 O 3 -doped borosilicate glass scintillator coated with a 250 nm titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) film. Borosilicate glass was selected for its high thermal stability, chemical durability, and rare-earth compatibility. The TiO 2 a band gap near 3.2 eV layer, deposited via DC magnetron sputtering, acts as a photoconductive material that directly converts the 311 nm, approximately 3.99 eV photoluminescence emission from Gd 3+ into an electrical signal, eliminating the need for a separate photodetector. Substrate heating during deposition and post-deposition annealing significantly improved the crystallinity of the TiO 2 layer, enhancing photosensitivity without degrading the luminescence of the underlying scintillator. The selected film thickness ensures good photon absorption and surface uniformity while avoiding charge carrier recombination losses. Furthermore, The system demonstrates successful detection of 172 nm VUV radiation via direct luminescence to current conversion. This hybrid device provides a compact, integrated for high-energy radiation detection, with potential applications in dosimetry and future VUV or x-ray optoelectronic systems.

关键词： DC magnetron Gd2O3 Glass Luminescence Scintillator TiO2

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Dynamics of microRNA secreted via extracellular vesicles during the maturation of embryonic stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelium

Journal of Extracellular Biology

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Journal of Extracellular Biology 2024年第9期3卷 e70001页

作者： Pollalis, Dimitrios Nair, Gopa Kumar Gopinadhan Leung, Justin Bloemhof, Clarisa Marie Bailey, Jeffrey K. Pennington, Britney O. Kelly, Kaitlin R. Khan, Amir I. Yeh, Ashley K. Sundaram, Kartik S. Clegg, Dennis O. Peng, Chen-Ching Xu, Liya Georgescu, Constantin Wren, Jonathan D. Lee, Sun Young USC Roski Eye Institute Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA United States USC Ginsburg Institute for Biomedical Therapeutics University of Southern California Los Angeles CA United States USC Dornsife College of Letters Arts and Sciences Los Angeles CA United States University of Southern California Los Angeles CA United States School of Medicine California University of Science and Medicine Colton CA United States Center for Stem Cell Biology and Engineering Neuroscience Research Institute University of California Santa Barbara CA United States Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology University of California Santa Barbara CA United States College of Creative Studies Biology University of California Santa Barbara CA United States Biomolecular Science and Engineering University of California Santa Barbara CA United States Children's Hospital Los Angeles Vision Center Los Angeles CA United States Genes & Human Diseases Research Program Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation Oklahoma City OK United States Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA United States

Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells are exclusive to the retina, critically multifunctional in maintaining the visual functions and health of photoreceptors and the retina. Despite their vital functions throughout lifetime, RPE cells lack regenerative capacity, rendering them vulnerable which can lead to degenerative retinal diseases. With advancements in stem cell technology enabling the differentiation of functional cells from pluripotent stem cells and leveraging the robust autocrine and paracrine functions of RPE cells, extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by RPE cells hold significant therapeutic potential in supplementing RPE cell activity. While previous research has primarily focused on the trophic factors secreted by RPE cells, there is a lack of studies investigating miRNA, which serves as a master regulator of gene expression. Profiling and defining the functional role of miRNA contained within RPE-secreted EVs is critical as it constitutes a necessary step in identifying the optimal phenotype of the EV-secreting cell and understanding the biological cargo of EVs to develop EV-based therapeutics. In this study, we present a comprehensive profile of miRNA in small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) secreted during RPE maturation following differentiation from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs);early-stage hESC-RPE (20–21 days in culture), mid-stage hESC-RPE (30–31 days in culture) and late-stage hESC-RPE (60–61 days in culture). This exploration is essential for ongoing efforts to develop and optimize EV-based intraocular therapeutics utilizing RPE-secreted EVs, which may significantly impact the function of dysfunctional RPE cells in retinal diseases. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Extracellular Biology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Society for Extracellular Vesicles.

关键词： extracellular vesicle (EV) microRNA retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) stem cell

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Nanoscale dynamics during self-organized ion beam patterning of Si: I. Ar+ bombardment

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Myint, Peco Ludwig, Karl F. Wiegart, Lutz Zhang, Yugang Fluerasu, Andrei Zhang, Xiaozhi Headrick, Randall L. Department of Physics Division of Materials Science and Engineering Boston University BostonMA02215 United States X-ray Science Division Argonne National Laboratory LemontIL60439 United States National Synchrotron Light Source II Brookhaven National Lab UptonNY11973 United States Department of Physics and Materials Science Program University of Vermont BurlingtonVT05405 United States

X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy (XPCS) is used to investigate the fluctuation dynamics during self-organized nanopatterning of silicon by Ar+ bombardment at 65◦ polar angle. Rich structure is observed in the development of the correlation dynamics as seen in the evolving correlation time τ(q||) and fluctuation relaxation exponent n(q||). On length scales of the ripple structure, local structure becomes ever more long-lived as coarsening progresses. In addition, τ(q||) develops a peak on length scales corresponding to the ripple wavelength. As patterning progresses, correlation times become asymmetric between the positive and negative directions, suggesting the possibility of different dynamics on the slopes facing toward and away from the ion beam. Relaxation exponents show evolution from linear dynamics at early times to compressed exponential relaxation at low wavenumbers and stretched exponential relaxation at high wavenumbers. Compressed exponential behavior is reminiscent of stress relaxation processes observed in glasses. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Dynamics

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Corrigendum to "miR-29a-3p-dependent COL3A1 and COL5A1 expression reduction assists sulforaphane to inhibit gastric cancer progression" [Biochem. Pharmacol. 188 (2021) 114539]

引用

Biochemical pharmacology 2023年 208卷 115389页

作者： Sichong Han Zhe Wang Jining Liu Hui-Min David Wang Qipeng Yuan State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 PR China. Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering National Chung Hsing University Taichung City 402 Taiwan Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology China Medical University Taichung City 404 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Medicine College of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung City 807 Taiwan College of Food and Biological Engineering Jimei University Xiamen City 361021 Fujia Province PR China Undergraduate Program Study of Biomedical Engineering Physics Department Airlangga University Surabaya City 60115 Indonesia. Electronic address: davidw@dragon.nchu.edu.tw. State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 PR China. Electronic address: yuanqp@***.

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Bioinspired graphene-based silver nanoparticles: Fabrication, characterization and antibacterial activity

引用

materials Today: Proceedings 2020年 29卷 720-725页

作者： Ajay K. Potbhare Mayuri S. Umekar Prashant B. Chouke Mahendra B. Bagade S.K. Tarik Aziz Ahmed A. Abdala Ratiram G. Chaudhary Post Graduate Department of Chemistry Seth Kesarimal Porwal College of Arts Commerce and Science Kamptee 441001 India Department of Chemistry Bar Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA) Bar Ilan University Ramat-Gan 52900 Israel Chemical Engineering Program Texas A&M University at Qatar POB 23784 Doha Qatar

Herein we present a fabrication and antibacterial assays of novel silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) on the surface of graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets as a multifunctional antibacterial material by using Pseudomonas aeruginosa biomass extract the nanocomposites has fabricated. as a synthesized material were characterized by spectroscopic technique including XRD, FTIR, EDX, Raman and TEM. XRD analysis specified the cubic crustal structure of NCs, while TEM rendered an average particle size of 25 nm of Ag-GO NCs. As a result, the fabricated Ag-GO NCs was tested against gram-positive and gram-negative strains and the results shows the Ag-GO NCs to be more effective against gram-negative bacteria ( *** ).

关键词： Graphene-based nanoparticles Ag-GO nanocomposites Pseudomonas aeruginosa Antibacterial activity

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Modulating nano-bio interface via drug-framework hybridization to activate chemoimmunotherapy against glioma postoperative recurrence

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Cell Biomaterials 2025年第3期1卷

作者： Min Qian Guangwei Jiang Senfeng Zhao Wei Guo Yi Wang Yifei Xu Wenxin Lv Wenshuai Li Huifang Nie Chenteng Lin Yanhui Qin Kamiran Aihemaiti Meng Zhang Lan Yang Wenjia Gao Hongyuan Li Wei Tao Rongqin Huang School of Pharmacy Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Ministry of Education) National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Formulations for Overcoming Delivery Barriers Huashan Hospital Fudan University Shanghai 201203 China Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology Perioperative and Pain Medicine Brigham and Women’s Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA Academy of Medical Sciences Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences The Third Affiliated Hospital Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Donghua University Shanghai 201600 China State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China

Regulating the nano-bio interface is crucial for advancing nanomedicine. To address the lack of effective medications for preventing tumor relapse post-surgery, particularly in glioma, we developed a drug-hybridized silica framework (DHSF) through a drug-skeleton hybridization strategy. DHSF refines the nano-biological interface of conventional silica nanomaterials, leading to promising formulations designed to hinder tumor recurrence post-surgery. Integrating doxorubicin (DOX) into the silica framework creates a superior hybrid interface compared with traditional ones. This hybridization facilitates intraoperative drug delivery with enhanced tumor adhesion, hemostatic efficacy, and immune activation via toll-like receptor 4. Moreover, DHSF achieves an extended release of low-dose DOX, thereby downregulating immune checkpoints like PD-L1. The organic-inorganic hybridization also induces tumor microenvironment-stimulated degradation through skeleton relaxation. Consequently, the development of nanosuspensions and photo-stimulative gel for tumor resection demonstrates potential for preventing postoperative recurrence and enhancing chemoimmunotherapy with minimal side effects, particularly in glioma treatment.

关键词： glioma nanoparticle drug delivery immunotherapy chemotherapy sustained release nano-bio interface drug-framework hybridization postoperative recurrence

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A Robust Ensemble Algorithm for Ischemic Stroke Lesion Segmentation: Generalizability and Clinical Utility Beyond the ISLES Challenge

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： de la Rosa, Ezequiel Reyes, Mauricio Liew, Sook-Lei Hutton, Alexandre Wiest, Roland Kaesmacher, Johannes Hanning, Uta Hakim, Arsany Zubal, Richard Valenzuela, Waldo Robben, David Sima, Diana M. Anania, Vincenzo Brys, Arne Meakin, James A. Mickan, Anne Broocks, Gabriel Heitkamp, Christian Gao, Shengbo Liang, Kongming Zhang, Ziji Siddiquee, Md Mahfuzur Rahman Myronenko, Andriy Ashtari, Pooya Van Huffel, Sabine Jeong, Hyun-Su Yoon, Chi-Ho Kim, Chulhong Huo, Jiayu Ourselin, Sebastien Sparks, Rachel Clèrigues, Albert Oliver, Arnau Lladó, Xavier Chalcroft, Liam Pappas, Ioannis Bertels, Jeroen Heylen, Ewout Moreau, Juliette Hatami, Nima Frindel, Carole Qayyum, Abdul Mazher, Moona Puig, Domenec Lin, Shao-Chieh Juan, Chun-Jung Hu, Tianxi Boone, Lyndon Goubran, Maged Liu, Yi-Jui Wegener, Susanne Kofler, Florian Ezhov, Ivan Shit, Suprosanna Hernandez Petzsche, Moritz R. Menze, Bjoern Kirschke, Jan S. Wiestler, Benedikt Department of Quantitative Biomedicine University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland Department of Informatics Technical University Munich Germany Icometrix Leuven Belgium ARTORG Center for Biomedical Research University of Bern Bern Switzerland Department of Radiation Oncology University Hospital Bern University of Bern Switzerland University of Bern Bern Switzerland Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy University of Southern California Los AngelesCA United States Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute Department of Neurology Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California United States University Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology Inselspital Bern Switzerland University Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology University Hospital Bern Inselspital University of Bern Bern Switzerland Department of Diagnostic and Interventional neuroradiology University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Hamburg Germany Department of Medical Imaging Radboud University Medical Center Institute for Health Sciences Nijmegen Netherlands Deepwise AI Lab Beijing China Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Bejing China School of Computing and Augmented Intelligence Arizona State University TempeAZ United States NVIDIA Santa ClaraCA United States STADIUS Center for Dynamical Systems Signal Processing and Data Analytics KU Leuven Leuven Belgium Pohang Korea Republic of School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences King’s College London United Kingdom Institute of Computer Vision and Robotics University of Girona Spain Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging University College London London United Kingdom Laboratory of Neuro Imaging Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles United States KU Leuven Leuven Belgium CREATIS Université Lyon1 CNRS UMR5220 INSERM U1206 INSA-Lyon Villeurbanne696

Diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) is essential for stroke diagnosis, treatment decisions, and prognosis. However, image and disease variability hinder the development of generalizable AI algorithms with clinical value. We address this gap by presenting a novel ensemble algorithm derived from the 2022 Ischemic Stroke Lesion Segmentation (ISLES) challenge. ISLES’22 provided 400 patient scans with ischemic stroke from various medical centers, facilitating the development of a wide range of cutting-edge segmentation algorithms by the research community. By assessing them against a hidden test set, we identified strengths, weaknesses, and potential biases. Through collaboration with leading teams, we combined top-performing algorithms into an ensemble model that overcomes the limitations of individual solutions. Our ensemble model combines the individual algorithms’ strengths and achieved superior ischemic lesion detection and segmentation accuracy (median Dice score: 0.82, median lesion-wise F1 score: 0.86) on our internal test set compared to individual algorithms. This accuracy generalized well across diverse image and disease variables. Furthermore, the model excelled in extracting clinical biomarkers like lesion types and affected vascular territories. Notably, in a Turing-like test, neuroradiologists consistently preferred the algorithm’s segmentations over manual expert efforts, highlighting increased comprehensiveness and precision. Validation using a real-world external dataset (N=1686) confirmed the model’s generalizability (median Dice score: 0.82, median lesion-wise F1 score: 0.86). The algorithm’s outputs also demonstrated strong correlations with clinical scores (admission NIHSS and 90-day mRS) on par with or exceeding expert-derived results, underlining its clinical relevance. This study offers two key findings. First, we present an ensemble algorithm that detects and segments ischemic stroke lesions on DWI across diverse scenarios on par with expert (neuro)rad

关键词： Diagnosis

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Softening of the Elastic Modulus of Zirconia Held in a Steady State of Flash

SSRN

引用

SSRN 2019年

作者： Kathiria, Rushi Raj, Rishi Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Colorado Boulder BoulderCO80309 United States Materials Science Program

Once triggered by the application of electric field and furnace heating, a polycrystal can be held in a constant state of flash with the furnace switched off. The specimen temperature can now be controlled by the current flowing through it. We report on the measurement of the elastic modulus of 3 mol% yttria stabilized zirconia in such a state of flash. Significant softening of the elastic modulus is measured. The decline in the modulus steepens with temperature. In contrast the nominal modulus tends to stabilize at higher temperatures. The mechanical damping increases under flash. The experiments were done by activating the flash along a partial length of a cantilever beam. Modal finite element analysis simulations were used to determine the modulus in the flashed section. The temperature was estimated from a black body radiation model and also measured with a pyrometer. This work was driven by recent theoretical results that show that Frenkel pairs can be nucleated by the proliferation of phonons near the edge of the Brillouin zone. We discuss a possible "phonon resonance" mechanism for the nucleation of Frenkel pairs. © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Elastic moduli

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