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Reverse electrodialysis membrane for harvesting salinity gradient energy with and without spacer under natural wetland water

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2932卷

作者： Muthia Elma Dwi Resa Lamandau Siti Fatimah Satria Anugerah Suhendra Aulia Rahma Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Lambung Mangkurat University Jl. A. Yani KM 36 Banjarbaru 70714 Indonesia Materials and Membranes Research Group (M2ReG) Lambung Mangkurat University Jl. A. Yani KM 36 Banjarbaru 70714 Indonesia Environmental Science Doctoral and Postgraduate Program Lambung Mangkurat University Jl. Brigjen H. Hasan Basry Banjarmasin 70123 Indonesia

Salinity gradient energy (SGE) allows two solutions with different salt concentration to mixing and directly into electrical energy by reverse electrodialysis (RED) membrane. High power outputs are forecasted theoretically, but in real practice is still relatively low RED power efficiency. In this work, the spacer shadow effects on both membrane and solution compartment resistances are investigated by employing nylon spacer and without spacer. In addition, this experiment also proposes the power density performance of RED membrane under natural wetland water as low saline solution and variation of high saline solution i.e., artificial brackish water (0.3 wt% NaCl) and artificial seawater (3.5 wt% NaCl). The results indicate that the spacer shadow effect on RED membrane has a correlation with energy output generated. The used of spacer led to an increase in stack resistance and decrease in power density compared to without nylon spacer. This result increases the impact of RED renewable power source and brings it closer to practical implementation, especially for the potential natural wetland water as low saline solution. The power output was computed, obtaining a maximum power density of 0.19 W/m2 with variations without spacers, and 0.14 W/m2 with spacers. Results show that of the cell components directly influences the physicochemical principles governing the RED process and is closely related to the cell output parameters. In turn, it is possible to increase the performance of a RED cell by optimizing operation without spacers to avoid the shadow effect.

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Gold Nanoparticle-Protein Conjugate Dually-Responsive to pH and Temperature for Modulation of Enzyme Activity

SSRN

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SSRN 2019年

作者： Sun, Ya Li, Zhenhua Wu, Jingxian Wang, Zhiqiang Dong, Yishi Wang, Hongwei Brash, John L. Yuan, Lin Chen, Hong The Key Lab of Health Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou Department of Polymer Science and Engineering College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou215123 China State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials School of Biomedical Engineering Department of Chemical Engineering McMaster University HamiltonON Canada

Regulation of the activity and stability of enzymes is important for their biological and biomedical applications. In this regard, considerable attention has been paid to the regulation of enzyme activity by controlling steric effects in protein-thermoresponsive polymer conjugates via temperature change. However, it is difficult to accomplish on/off regulation of activity via steric effects alone. In this work, pH- and temperature- dually-responsive gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) conjugated to poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAM) and poly(methacrylic acid) (pMAA), designated AuNP-pNIPAM-pMAA, are proposed in this work for the regulation of enzyme activity with high precision. Using these particles adsorbed with inorganic pyrophosphatase (PPase) as a model enzyme (AuNP-PPase-pNIPAM-pMAA), it was shown that, by changes in pH and temperature leading to changes in "steric covering" of the protein active site via interpolymer hydrogen bonding, the activity of PPase could be closely regulated. At 25 °C and pH 5.0, the steric covering of pNIPAM and the interpolymer hydrogen bonding between pNIPAM and pMAA gave a cage-like "locking in" structure in the protein active site as the "hidden" state, with a very low specific activity of only 0.2 Kat/Kg, around 2 % of its normal activity. At 45 °C and pH 8.0, the cage structure did not form due to the lack of coverage by the collapsed pNIPAM chains and the inability of the dissociated carboxyl groups in pMAA to form hydrogen bonds, leaving the protein active center fully exposed as the "available" state, and resulting in a high specific activity of 8.3 Kat/Kg. Thus the activity of the enzyme in the conjugate is almost totally suppressed at 25 °C/pH 5.0 and completely recovered at 45 °C/pH 8.0. The controllable range of activity is thus very wide, i.e., from 2 to 100 %. The AuNP-PPase-pNIPAM-pMAA conjugate also has strong resistance to trypsin digestion. In addition, it was shown that after cycling three times between the "hidden" and

关键词： Hydrogen bonds

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Comparison of the effect of carbon,halloysite and titania nanotubes on the mechanical and thermal properties of LDPE based nanocomposite films

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Chinese Journal of Chemical engineering 2018年第2期26卷 428-435页

作者： Khaliq Majeed Mariam Al Ali AlMaadeed Moustafa M.Zagho Center for Advanced Materials Qatar UniversityPO Box 2713DohaQatar Department of Chemical Engineering COMSATS Institute olin formation TechnologyLahorePakistan Materials Science and Technology Program Qatar UniversityPO Box 2713DohaQatar

In this study, titania nanotubes （TNTs） were prepared by hydrothermal method with the aim to compare the properties of these one-dimensional tubular nanostructures＇ reinforced nanocomposites with the carbon and halloysite nanotubes＇（CNTs and HNTs, respectively） reinforced nanocomposites. Low density polyethylene （LDPE） was used as the matrix material. The prepared nanocomposites were characterized and compared by means of their morphological, mechanical and thermal properties. SEM results showed enhanced interracial interaction and better dispersion of TNTs and HNTs into LDPE with the incorporation of a MAPE compatibilizer, however, these interactions seem to be absent between CNTs and LDPE, and the CNTs remained agglomerated. Contact angle measurements revealed that CNT filled nanocomposites are more hydrophilic than HNT composites, and less than TNT composites. CNTs provided better tensile strength and Young＇s modulus than HNT and TNT nanocomposites, a 42% increase in tensile strength and Young＇s modulus is achieved compared to LDPE. Tear strength improvement was noticed in the TNT composites with a value of 35.4 N. mm -1, compared to CNT composites with a value of 25.5 *** 1 -s- 1. All the prepared nanocomposites are more thermally stable than neat LDPE and the best improvement in thermal stability was observed for CNT reinforced nanocomposites. CNTs depicted the best improvement in tensile and thermal properties and the MAPE compatibilizer effective- ness regarding morphological, mechanical and thermal properties was only observed for TNT and HNT systems.

关键词： Hydrothermal Nanostructure Nanotube Nanocomposite Mechanical properties Thermal properties

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Monitoring magnesium degradation using microdialysis and fabric-based biosensors

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science China materials 2018年第4期61卷 643-651页

作者： M.Su Natasha Radha S.P.Malon Dedy H.B.Wicaksono Emma P.Córcoles Hendra Hermawan Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Faculty of Science and Technology Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Department of Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology Swiss German University Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM) CSIC Campus UAB Department of Mining Metallurgical and Materials Engineering & CHU de Québec Research Center

This paper describes the development of a monitoring system capable of detecting the concentration of magnesium ions(Mg^(2+)) released during the degradation of magnesium implants. The system consists of a microdialysis probe that samples fluid adjacent to the implant and a catalytic biosensor specific to Mg^(2+)ions. The biosensor was fabricated on a cotton fabric platform, in which a mixture of glycerol kinase and glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase enzymes was immobilized on the fabric device via a simple matrix entrapment technique of the cotton fibers. Pure magnesium was used as the implant material. Subsequently, the concentration of ions released from the degradation of the magnesium specimen in Ringer's solution was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry technique. The device demonstrated a pseudo-linear response from 0.005 to 0.1 mmol L^(-1) with a slope of 67.48 μA mmol^(-1) L. Detectable interfering species were lesser than 1%indicating a high selectivity of the fabric device. Furthermore,the device requires only 3 μL of fluid sample to complete the measurement compared to spectroscopic method(±50 μL),hence providing a higher temporal resolution and reduced sampling time. The system could potentially provide a real time assessment of the degradation behavior, a new studied aspect in biodegradable metals research.

关键词： biodegradable metal biosensor fabric device magnesium microdialysis

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Author Correction: Intrinsic efficiency limits in low-bandgap non-fullerene acceptor organic solar cells

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Nature materials 2022年第3期21卷 378页

作者： Safakath Karuthedath Julien Gorenflot Yuliar Firdaus Neha Chaturvedi Catherine S P De Castro George T Harrison Jafar I Khan Anastasia Markina Ahmed H Balawi Top Archie Dela Peña Wenlan Liu Ru-Ze Liang Anirudh Sharma Sri H K Paleti Weimin Zhang Yuanbao Lin Erkki Alarousu Sergei Lopatin Dalaver H Anjum Pierre M Beaujuge Stefaan De Wolf Iain McCulloch Thomas D Anthopoulos Derya Baran Denis Andrienko Frédéric Laquai KAUST Solar Center Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE) Materials Science and Engineering Program (MSE) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Mainz Germany. Imaging and Characterization Core Laboratory King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Department of Chemistry University of Oxford Oxford UK. Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Mainz Germany. denis.andrienko@mpip-mainz.mpg. KAUST Solar Center Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE) Materials Science and Engineering Program (MSE) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. frederic.laquai@kaust.edu.sa.

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Surface Enhanced Vibrational Spectroscopy of Proteins with Plasmonic Nanoantenna Arrays

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MRS Online Proceedings Library 2019年第1期1248卷 1002-1009页

作者： Adato, Ronen Yanik, Ahmet A. Amsden, Jason J. Kaplan, David Omenetto, Fiorenzo Hong, Mi K. Erramilli, Shyamsunder Altug, Hatice Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Boston University Boston USA Photonics Center Boston University Boston USA Department of Biomedical Engineering Tufts University Medford USA Department of Physics Tufts University Medford USA Department of Physics Boston University Boston USA Department of Biomedical Engineering Boston University Boston USA Materials Science Division Boston University Boston USA

Infrared absorption spectroscopy is a powerful tool for structural and functional studies of biomolecules. The technique enables direct access to the vibrational fingerprints of molecular bonds in the mid-infrared spectral region (3-20µm). Although intrinsic absorption cross-sections are nearly ten orders of magnitude greater than corresponding Raman cross-sections, they are still small in comparison with those of fluorescent molecules. Sensitivity improvements are therefore required for the method to be applicable to single molecule / molecular layer studies. In this work, we demonstrate the use of lithographically patterned arrays of nanoantennas to enhance the absorption signature of the protein amide-I and II backbone vibrations. Strong absorption signals from monolayer thickness films are obtained. By arranging ensembles of tailored antennas in specific lattices, higher quality factor resonances and increased near-field intensities are possible. These features are leveraged to obtain 104-105 fold signal enhancements and the direct measurement of vibrational spectra of proteins at zepto-mole sensitivity levels.

关键词： biomedical infrared (IR) spectroscopy nanoscale

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The economics of utility-scale portable energy storage systems in a high-renewable grid

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： He, Guannan Michalek, Jeremy Kar, Soummya Chen, Qixin Zhang, Da Whitacre, Jay F. MIT Energy Initiative Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States Institute of Energy Environment and Economy Tsinghua University Beijing China MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPA United States Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China Department of Engineering and Public Policy Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPA United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPA United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPA United States

Summary: Battery storage is expected to play a crucial role in the low-carbon transformation of energy systems. The deployment of battery storage in the power gird, however, is currently severely limited by its low economic viability, which results from not only high capital costs but also the lack of flexible and efficient utilization schemes and business models. Making utility-scale battery storage portable through trucking unlocks its capability to provide various on-demand services. We introduce the potential applications of utility-scale portable energy storage and investigate its economics in California using a spatiotemporal decision model that determines the optimal operation and transportation schedules of portable storage. We show that mobilizing energy storage can increase its life-cycle revenues by 70% in some areas and improve renewable energy integration by relieving local transmission congestion. The life-cycle revenue of spatiotemporal arbitrage can fully compensate for the costs of portable energy storage system in several regions in California, including San Diego and the San Francisco Bay Area. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Life cycle

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Citric acid-polyurethane-chitosan-based innovative biocomposites as candidates of antibacterial dialyzer membrane

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Journal of International Dental and Medical Research 2018年第2期11卷 718-722页

作者： Santoso, Evlyn Anggraini Widiyanti, Prihartini Nabilla, Fathania Rahayu, Novita Putri Rahmania, Adita Wardani Department of Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Airlangga Surabaya Indonesia Biomedical Study Program Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Airlangga Surabaya Indonesia

Hemodialysis treatment is a replacement therapy renal function. Hemodialysis therapy with reuse system causes a risk of bacterial infection. In addition, routine vascular access by hemodialysis patients also factors of bacterial contamination which can increase the comorbidity and mortality rates of patients. This research aims to obtain biocompatibility and antibacterial properties by adding concentration chitosan in three variations. The functional group test showed the presence of a bond between PU-CA-PES-CS at a certain wavelength. SEM test proved that the pores produced on dialyzer membrane are still within the size range for the hemodialysis application at 0.001-0.1 μm. Hemolysis test results showed that the percentage of hemolysis in Sample A, Sample B, Sample C, and Sample D were 4.18%, 3.34%, 2.30% and 1.67% respectively. The percentage of hemolysis at less 5% is safe for contact with blood. Antibacterial test results revealed that PES-PU-CA membrane samples coated with chitosan variation are antibacterial. It can be seen from the formation of clear zone around the sample disc with diameter of 6,946-11,086 mm. PES-PU-CA dialyzer membrane coated with chitosan is a safe composite and potentially applicable as an antibacterial dialyzer membrane based on functional group test, antibacterial test, hemolysis assay, SEM, and cytotoxicity test. © 2018 University of Dicle.

关键词： Antibacterial Chitosan Membrane dialyzer Polyethersulfone Polyurethane

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Universal Law for the Elastic Moduli of Solids and Structures

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Burns, S.J. Burns, Sean P. Materials Science Program Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Rochester RochesterNY14627-0132 United States Mesoscale and Microscale Meteorology Division National Center for Atmospheric Research 3090 Center Green Drive BoulderCO80301 United States

A law previously found for shear moduli of crystalline materials is developed and extended to all elastic moduli in solids and structures. Shear moduli were previously shown to depend only on specific volume. The bulk moduli of many materials and structures are now predicted analytically and empirically shown with unerring accuracy by observing the elasticity as a specific volume power law. The law is supported by experimental evidence from: foams, Schneebeli 2-dimensional graphene mats, metamaterials, fully dense metals, ceramics and minerals. This new, generalized, universal, elastic moduli law always describes materials that support shear stresses i.e., solids;it is shown that all elastic moduli are directly dependent only on the specific volume. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Thermodynamics

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Towards strength-ductility synergy in nanosheets strengthened titanium matrix composites through laser power bed fusion of MXene/Ti composite powder

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materials and Processing Report 2023年第1期38卷 Article: 2181680页

作者： L. Wang J. Li Z.Q. Liu S.F. Li Y.F. Yang R.D.K. Misra Z.J. Tian a College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing China b Department of Technology Nanjing Chamlion Laser Technology Co. LTD Nanjing China c State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Chinad Hefei University Hefei China c State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Chinae University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China c State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Chinae University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Chinaf Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Particle Materials Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China g Department of Metallurgical Materials and Biomedical Engineering University of Texas at El Paso TX USA

ABSTRACTABSTRACTA Ti3C2MXene/Ti composite powder was developed through surface modification and powder coating for producing a high-performance titanium matrix composites (TMCs) by laser power bed fusion. Introducing MXene rarely changed the original sphericity and flowability of Ti powder while it slightly enhanced the laser absorption capacity of Ti powder. The printing conditions in turn affected the morphology and distribution of MXene in as-printed composites. At optimised printing parameters, majority of MXene with high structural integrity and uniform distribution remained along the grain boundaries of as-printed composites, and a combination of high surface quality, geometrical accuracy and densification was obtained. The remaining MXene played the synergy of pulling-out effect and load transfer role, which increased the yield strength from 530 to 710 MPa, while retaining good ductility (elongation of 19.8%). Compared with ASTM standard cast Ti64 alloy, our MXene/Ti composites also exhibited superior comprehensive tensile properties and excellent strength-ductility synergy.

关键词： Composite titanium powder processing MXene two-dimensional material

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