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arXiv 2023年

作者： Conrad, Nathaniel Saleh, Omar A. Fygenson, Deborah K. Physics Department University of California Santa BarbaraCA93106 United States Materials Department University of California Santa BarbaraCA93106 United States Biomolecular Science and Engineering Program University of California Santa BarbaraCA93106 United States

We measure the rheology of transient hydrogels comprised of a single type of DNA nanostar that makes both strong and weak bonds. These gels exhibit power-law frequency-dependence of their storage and loss moduli, with scaling exponents that depend on the proportions of the two bonds. A diffusive stress-relaxation model, in which the strong-bond sub-network relieves stress by diffusing through an effective viscosity imposed by the weak bonds, explains the scaling of their moduli. The model has implications for the fractal dimensions of the strong-bond sub-network that are in good agreement with measurements and makes testable predictions for the viscoelasticity of other transient hydrogels. Overall, this work demonstrates the power of DNA nanotechnology to decipher, and potentially rationally design, power-law rheology. © 2023, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Hydrogels

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Grain Selection Growth of Soft Metal in Electrochemical Processes

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Zhang, Minghao Tantratian, Karnpiwat Ham, So-Yeon Wang, Zhuo Chouchane, Mehdi Shimizu, Ryosuke Bai, Shuang Yang, Hedi Liu, Zhao Li, Letian Avishai, Amir Chen, Lei Meng, Ying Shirley Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering The University of Chicago ChicagoIL60637 United States Department of Metallurgical Engineering Chulalongkorn University Bangkok10330 Thailand Materials Science and Engineering Program University of California La Jolla San DiegoCA92093 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Michigan-Dearborn DearbornMI48128 United States Department of NanoEngineering University of California La Jolla San DiegoCA92093 United States Materials and Structural Analysis Thermo Fisher Scientific HillsboroOR97124 United States The Core Center of Excellence in Nano Imaging University of Southern California Los AngelesCA90089 United States

Soft metals like lithium and sodium play a critical role in battery technology owing to their high energy density. Texture formation by grain selection growth of soft metals during electrochemical processes is a crucial factor affecting power and safety. Developing a framework to understand and control grain growth is a multifaceted challenge. Here, a general thermodynamic theory and phase-field model are formulated to study grain selection growth of soft metals. Our study focuses on the interplay between surface energy and atomic mobility-related intrinsic strain energy in grain selection growth. Differences in grain selection growth arise from the anisotropy in surface energy and diffusion barrier of soft metal atoms. Our findings highlight the kinetic limitations of solid-state Li metal batteries, which originate from load stress-induced surface energy anisotropy. These insights lead to the development of an amorphous LixSi1-x (0.50 Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Solid-State Batteries

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Reduction of interface defects in gate-recessed GaN HEMTs by neutral beam etching

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materials Today Advances 2024年 23卷

作者： Yu, Chia Hao Chiang, Wei Hsiang Chen, Yi-Ho Samukawa, Seiji Wuu, Dong Sing Chung, Chin-Han Hsiao, Ching-Lien Horng, Ray Hua Institute of Electronics National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Chung Hsing University Graduate Degree Program of College of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Institute of Comunications Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Department of Applied Materials and Optoelectronic Engineering National Chi Nan University International College of Semiconductor Technology National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Thin Film Physics Division Department of Physics Chemistry and Biology (IFM) Linköping University

This study investigates and compares the impact of different etching techniques on the fabrication of GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) between the inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching (ICP-RIE) and the neutral beam etching (NBE) for the gate recess. By conducting direct current analysis, it was found that devices manufactured using the NBE exhibited superior electrical performance as compared with those produced using the ICP-RIE. These enhanced electrical characteristics include a transconductance of up to 100.4 mS/mm, a threshold voltage (V_th) of −2.3 V, an on/off current ratio of 1.1 × 10⁹, a subthreshold swing (S.S.) of 99.63 mV/dec, and a remarkably low gate leakage current. Additionally, we noted varying degrees of hysteresis in the I–V characteristics were related to process disparities possibly leading to interface defects. Multi-frequency capacitance-voltage (C–V) measurements were used to identify the interface defects at the oxide/AlGaN interface of the gate. The results revealed that devices fabricated using the NBE exhibited a lower interface defect density as compared with those fabricated using the ICP-RIE, thereby elucidating the reduced hysteresis observed in the I–V characteristics. These findings indicated the significant advantages of the NBE process in the fabrication of GaN HEMTs. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： GaN HEMTs Gate recess Interface defects Multi-frequency C–V Neutral beam etching

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Giant Deep-Ultraviolet Circular Dichroism in Synthetic Architectures of Ordered Carbon Nanotubes

Giant Deep-Ultraviolet Circular Dichroism in Synthetic Archi...

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2023 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2023

作者： Doumani, Jacques Lou, Minhan Dewey, Oliver Hong, Nina Fan, Jichao Baydin, Andrey Pasquali, Matteo Yomogida, Yohei Yanagi, Kazuhiro Saito, Riichiro Kono, Junichiro Gao, Weilu Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University HoustonTX United States Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Utah Salt Lake CityUT United States Carbon Hub Rice University HoustonTX United States Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Rice University HoustonTX United States J.A. Woollam Co. LincolnNE United States The Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX United States Department of Chemistry Rice University HoustonTX United States Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering Rice University HoustonTX United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Tokyo Metropolitan University Tokyo Japan Department Physics Tohoku University Sendai Japan Department Physics and Astronomy Rice University HoustonTX United States

We demonstrate tunable, giant, and structure-induced deep-ultraviolet circular dichroism in macroscopically chiral assemblies of racemic carbon nanotubes prepared using two approaches: mechanical-rotation-assisted vac... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171258

关键词： Dichroism

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Spin scattering and Hall effects in monolayer Fe3GeTe2

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Physical Review B 2023年第13期108卷 134425-134425页

作者： Luyan Yu Jie-Xiang Yu Jiadong Zang Roger K. Lake Houlong Zhuang Gen Yin Department of Physics University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 78712 USA Department of Physics University of Florida Gainesville Florida 32611 USA Department of Physics and Materials Science Program University of New Hampshire Durham New Hampshire 03824 USA Laboratory for Terahertz and Terascale Electronics (LATTE) Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California at Riverside Riverside California 92521 USA Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Arizona State University Tempe Arizona 85287 USA Department of Physics Georgetown University Washington DC 20057 USA

We theoretically show that the carrier transport in a monolayer Fe3GeTe2 experiences a transition between anomalous and spin Hall effects when the spin polarization of disorders switches between out-of-plane and in-plane. These Hall effects are allowed when the magnetization is polarized in-plane, breaking the C3 rotation symmetry. The transition originates from the selection rule of spin scattering, the strong spin-orbit coupling, and the van Hove singularities near the Fermi surface. The scattering selection rule tolerates the sign change of the disorder spin, which provides a convenient method to detect the switching of antiferromagnetic insulators regardless of the interfacial roughness in a heterostructure. This provides a convenient platform for the study of 2D spintronics through various van der Waals heterostructures.

关键词： Magnetotransport Spin Hall effect 2-dimensional systems Density functional calculations

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Current Carrying Capacity of Inkjet-Printed Nano-Silver Interconnects on Mesoporous PET Substrate

Current Carrying Capacity of Inkjet-Printed Nano-Silver Inte...

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Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC)

作者： El Mehdi Abbara Gurvinder Singh Khinda Mohammed Alhendi Riadh Alhaidari Firas Alshatnawi Behnam Garakani Udara S. Somarathna Mark D. Poliks Department of Systems Science and Industrial Engineering State University of New York Binghamton USA Center for Advanced Microelectronics Manufacturing State University of New York Binghamton USA Materials Science and Engineering Program State University of New York Binghamton USA

Conductors are a basic component in any flexible hybrid electronic device. Their electromechanical reliability has been studied, yet very few studies report their thermoelectric behavior. We report the current carrying capacity of an inkjet-printed nano-silver interconnects on mesoporous PET substrate. For this study, the printed interconnects are approximately 100 μm wide, with two different thicknesses: single layer (~650 nm thick) and double layer (~1 μm thick). Samples were sintered with different parameters of oven and laser sintering. The effect of printing and curing parameters on the trace current-carrying capability is evaluated with and without the presence of an encapsulation layer. At the current sweep range of 0.005-0.08A for single layer traces and 0.005-0.17A for double layer traces, results show that the trace resistance slightly increases and then decreases to a minimal value smaller than the initial resistance before dramatically increases indicating substrate damage. The double-layer traces withstand higher current and reach higher temperature than the substrate glass transition point. The oven sintered traces have higher initial resistance than laser sintered samples reflecting the difference in the percentage of solvent content and the microstructure. A drastic decrease in resistance is noticed at low current for the oven sintered samples, but at higher current, both oven and laser sintered traces showed similar behavior. The printed encapsulation layer did not significantly impact the trace behavior. A thermoelectric simulation of the trace joule heating was generated in order to quantify the thermal energy transmitted to the surrounding environment and capture the temperature of the trace surface. The model was compared to the experimental results and showed a good correlation.

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Morphology Control of Nanoporous Gold Crystals Through Selective Dissolution of Au-Ge Eutectic Microstructures

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Portal, Lotan Polishchuk, Iryna Koifman-Khristosov, Maria Katsman, Alexander Pokroy, Boaz Department of Materials Science and Engineering Technion – Israel Institute of Technology Haifa32000 Israel Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute Technion – Israel Institute of Technology Haifa32000 Israel The Nancy and Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program Technion − Israel Institute of Technology Haifa3200003 Israel

The synthesis of nanoporous gold (np-Au) through the conventional method of dealloying a more reactive element from Au alloys has been extensively studied and applied in various fields, particularly catalysis. In this study, we explore a novel approach to creating droplet-like np-Au crystals through the selective dissolution of Au-Ge eutectic *** work reveals that adjusting the undercooling of the eutectic melt during solidification allows for the tuning of pore and ligament sizes. We demonstrate that this undercooling can be modified, either directly or indirectly, by adjusting the cooling rate or the heterogeneous nucleation site density of the eutectic melt. Our findings, aligned with the Zener-Turnbull theoretical model for eutectic solidification, elucidate the connection between the tuning of pore and ligament sizes in the eutectic microstructure and the undercooling of the eutectic ***, we establish that this phenomenon is applicable to a variety of compositions, whether hypereutectic, eutectic, or hypoeutectic. The ability to regulate pore and ligament sizes enhances the catalytic activity of np-Au. We demonstrate that crystals with average pores of 45 nm exhibit approximately twice the catalytic activity compared to np-Au crystals with pores twice as large. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Catalysis

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Understanding the Effect of Ni Content on Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Alsi10mg Alloy Samples Under a Variety of Solidification Rates

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： de Moura, Danusa Araújo de Gouveia, Guilherme Lisboa Gomes, Leonardo Fernandes Spinelli, José Eduardo Federal University of São Carlos Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering SP São Carlos13565-905 Brazil Department of Materials Engineering Federal University of São Carlos UFSCar SP São Carlos13565-905 Brazil

It is critical to gain a better knowledge of the impact of varying Ni contents on the microstructural changes of the AlSi10Mg alloy solidified at various cooling severities. Understanding the combined features of Si and Al3Ni phases constituting this modified alloy may also have a significant impact on understading its properties. In order to advance in these topics, AlSi10Mg alloys modified with, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 wt.% Ni are either directionally solidified (DS) at lower cooling rates or laser surface remelted (LSR) at higher rates. α-Al dendritic branches are found in the microstructure of all tested alloys either for DS or LSR specimens, surrounded by the eutectic constituent. Moreover, the dendritic array is defined by the secondary dendritic spacing, λ2, which is found to be 65% lower for the Ni-containing alloys than in the AlSi10Mg alloy. The microstructure of the quaternary alloys is constituted by the α-Al+Si+Al3Ni phases, with the Al3Ni phase having a prevalent fishbone shape and being found in higher proportions as a result of slow cooling and increasing Ni content. Ultimate tensile strength of the AlSi10Mg alloy is 190 MPa for a specified range of λ2 (22-30 μm), which is higher than that of Ni-containing alloys for the same range. However, Ni-containing alloys are more sensitive to λ2, and the DS AlSi10Mg-1Ni alloy, as well as a combination of samples solidified at no less than 3oC/s, fine dendritic spacing ( © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Thermoanalysis

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Unleashing the Power of Nature: Eco-Friendly Mussel-Byssus-Inspired Pbs/Pbat Fishing Gear for Biodegradation by Marine Microbes

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Hong, Yuri Yang, Ho-Sung Lee, Min Hee Kim, Sinyang Park, Sung Bae Hwang, Sung Yeon Park, Jeyoung Koo, Jun Mo Oh, Dongyeop Hwang, Dong Soo Gyeongsangbuk-do Pohang37673 Korea Republic of Ulsan44429 Korea Republic of Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources Graduate School of Biotechnology Kyung Hee University Gyeonggi-do 17104 Korea Republic of Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Sogang University Seoul04107 Korea Republic of Department of Organic Materials Engineering Chungnam National University Daejeon34134 Korea Republic of Department of Polymer Science and Engineering and Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering Inha University Incheon22212 Korea Republic of

Abstract Abandoned, lost, and discarded fishing gear (ALDFG) poses global challenges for marine ecosystems as they destroy algal forests, the largest oceanic carbon dioxide sinks. Biodegradable polybutylene succinate (PBS), which has a tensile toughness similar to that of nylon, has been suggested as a potential fishing-gear material. However, its slow degradation in the marine environment and limited draping characteristics need to be addressed before it can be used in environmentally friendly fishing gear. Inspired by the mussel byssus, a mussel-thread-like holdfast known for its stiff yet extensible mechanical properties, we developed fishing gear using a mussel-byssus-mimetic fiber (artificial byssus, AB) structure. The AB was composed of poly(butylene adipate-co-butylene terephthalate) (PBAT) fibers with favorable draping characteristics coated with mechanically resilient and PBS, which demonstrated sufficient toughness and draping properties for use in fishing gear. The AB may serve as fishing-gear material capable of mitigating ALDFG issues, given its marine degradability by microbial strains that degrade PBS and PBAT. Furthermore, it could serve as a substrate for ocean afforestation, given the improved settlement and growth of seaweed spores (Pyropia yezoensis) on AB. Overall, AB-based fishing gear is expected to enhance macroalgal forest conservation and expansion, and facilitate marine carbon capture through marine afforestation. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Butenes

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Grain Boundary Segregation Transitions and Critical Phenomena in Binary Regular Solutions: A Systematics of Complexion Diagrams with Universal Characters

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Zhou, Naixie Hu, Chongze Luo, Jian Department of NanoEngineering Program of Materials Science and Engineering University of California San Diego United States

A systematics of grain boundary (GB) segregation transitions and critical phenomena has been derived to expand the classical GB segregation theory. Using twist GBs as an example, this study uncovers when GB layering vs. prewetting transitions should occur and how they are related to one another. Moreover, a novel descriptor, normalized segregation strength (seg), is introduced. It can represent several factors that control GB segregation, including strain and bond energies, as well as misorientation for small-angle GBs (in a mean-field approximation), which had to be treated separately in prior models. In a strong segregation system with a large seg, first-order layering transitions occur at low temperatures and become continuous above GB roughing temperatures. With reducing seg, the layering transitions gradually merge and finally lump into prewetting transitions without quantized layer numbers, akin to Cahn’s critical-point wetting model. Furthermore, GB complexion diagrams with universal characters are constructed as the GB counterpart to the classical exemplar of Pelton-Thompson regular-solution binary bulk phase diagrams. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Grain boundaries

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