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Imaging and Understanding 3D Nanoscale Magnetic Structures

Microscopy and microanalysis : the official journal of Microscopy Society of America, Microbeam Analysis Society, Microscopical Society of Canada 2023年第1期29卷 1398-1399页

作者： Petford-Long, Amanda K. Brajuskovic, Vuk Li, Yue McCray, Arthur R C Phatak, Charudatta Materials Science Division Argonne National Laboratory Lemont IL United States Materials Science and Engineering Department Northwestern University Evanston IL United States Applied Physics Program Northwestern University Evanston IL United States

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Ultra-transparent nanostructured coatings via flow-induced one-step coassembly

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Nano materials science 2022年第2期4卷 97-103页

作者： Jingjing Liu Sonia E.Chavez Hao Ding Maria M.Farooqui Zaili Hou Sharon Lin Thomas D.D'Auria Julia M.Kennedy Anna Marie LaChance Luyi Sun Polymer Program Institute of Materials ScienceUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsConnecticut06269United States Department of Chemical&Biomolecular Engineering University of ConnecticutStorrsConnecticut06269United States Department of Biomedical Engineering University of ConnecticutStorrsConnecticut06269United States

Polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)/laponite(LP)nanocomposite coatings were fabricated via a facile one-step coassembly *** formed nanocoatings contain a high concentration of LP nanosheets,which can be well aligned along the substrate surface during the coassembly *** to the highly orientated structure,the flexible nanocoatings exhibit ultra-high transparency and superior mechanical properties,and can also act as excellent gas *** nanocoatings can be exceptional candidates for a variety of applications,such as food packaging.

关键词： Nanocoating Coassembly Polyvinyl alcohol Laponite

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Approach for enhancing sensitivity of tin-oxo cluster resist for high NA extreme UV lithography 41

Approach for enhancing sensitivity of tin-oxo cluster resist...

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Advances in Patterning materials and Processes XLI 2024

作者： Ku, Yejin Kim, Gayoung Kim, Min Seung Lee, Jin-Kyun Kim, Jiho Park, Byeong-Gyu Lee, Sangsul Lee, Seohyeon Jung, Byung Jun Lee, Changhyeon Kim, Hyunseok Hur, Su-Mi Koh, Chawon Nishi, Tsunehiro Kim, Hyun-Woo Program in Environment and Polymer Engineering Inha University Incheon22212 Korea Republic of Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Inha University Incheon22212 Korea Republic of Pohang Accelerator Laboratory Postech Pohang37673 Korea Republic of Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Seoul Seoul02504 Korea Republic of Department of Polymer Engineering Graduate School Chonnam National University Gwangju61186 Korea Republic of School of Polymer Science and Engineering Chonnam National University Gwangju61186 Korea Republic of Department of Materials Science and Engineering Yonsei University Seoul03722 Korea Republic of Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. Semiconductor R&d Center Gyeonggi-do 18448 Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9781510672208

High numerical aperture (NA) EUV lithography is considered as the most-promising candidate for next generation lithography protocol that will play a crucial role in meeting the demand on the enhanced semiconductor performance and productivity. While this technology enables the fabrication of sub-10 nm patterns, the increased NA has posed challenges, such as reduced depth of focus and narrower process margins. To overcome these hurdles, it is essential to apply thinner resist films while ensuring that the resulting small patterns maintain sufficient physical and chemical durability. Moreover, considering that thinner films absorb fewer photons, the resist molecular structure should be designed to compensate sensitivity burdens. Here, an approach has been proposed to enhance sensitivity by accelerating the solubility change of a well-known tinbased nanocluster resist. To accomplish this goal, it is important to increase not only the number of secondary electrons but also reaction sites and promote radical-based chemical reactions. We aimed at experimentally validating this concept by utilizing elements with high EUV absorbance and highly reactive functional groups with tin radicals. As a model resist, we chose a tin-oxo cage material consisting of a divalent cation containing 12 tin atoms and two counter anions. Our findings indicate that the introduction of unsaturated groups capable of building bridging bonds with radicals leads to fast solubility change at a lower exposure dose, thus enhancing sensitivity. This research offers a promising direction for the development of resists tailored for High NA EUV lithography. © COPYRIGHT SPIE. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

关键词： Tin

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Optically-generated focused ultrasound for noninvasive brain stimulation with ultrahigh precision

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Light(science & Applications) 2022年第11期11卷 2817-2831页

作者： Yueming Li Ying Jiang Lu Lan Xiaowei Ge Ran Cheng Yuewei Zhan Guo Chen Linli Shi Runyu Wang Nan Zheng Chen Yang Ji-Xin Cheng Department of Mechanical Engineering Boston UniversityBostonMA 02215USA Graduate Program for Neuroscience Boston UniversityBostonMA 02215USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Boston UniversityBostonMA 02215USA Department of Chemistry Boston UniversitBostonMA 02215USA Department of Biomedical Engineering Boston UniversityBostonMA 02215USA Division of Materials Science and Engineering Boston UniversityBostonMA 02215USA Department of Biological Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02142USA

High precision neuromodulation is a powerful tool to decipher neurocircuits and treat neurological *** non-invasive neuromodulation methods offer limited precision at the milimeter ***,we report opticallygenerated focused ultrasound(OFUS)for non-invasive brain stimulation with ultrahigh *** is generated by a soft optoacoustic pad(SOAP)fabricated through embedding candle soot nanoparticles in a curved polydimethylsiloxane *** generates a transcranial ultrasound focus at 15 MHz with an ultrahigh lateral resolution of 83μm,which is two orders of magnitude smaller than that of conventional transcranial-focused ultrasound(tFUS).Here,we show effective OFUS neurostimulation in vitro with a single ultrasound *** demonstrate submillimeter transcranial stimulation of the mouse motor cortex in *** acoustic energy of 0.6 mJ/cm?,four orders of magnitude less than that of tFUS,is suffcient for successful OFUS *** offers new capabilities for neuroscience studies and disease treatments by delivering a focus with ultrahigh precision noninvasively.

关键词： SOAP stimulation precision

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High-Energy Storage Performance of Na0.5bi0.5tio3-Based Relaxor Ferroelectrics with Wide Temperature Range

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Nie, Xin Wang, Hui Xu, Benjin Huang, Xiaokun Chen, Chao Jiang, Xiangping Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramic Materials Department of Material Science and Engineering Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute Jingdezhen China

Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-based ceramics play a pivotal role in energy storage applications due to their significant attributes such as large maximum polarization. However, the presence of defects results in inadequate sintering and considerable remnant polarization, thereby constraining the advancement of Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-based ceramics in pulse capacitor applications. To address this limitation, we conceived and synthesized lead-free relaxor ferroelectric ceramics with the composition (1-x)(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3-xSr(Ti0.5Zr0.5)O3 (BNT-SZT). By incorporating Sr(Ti0.5Zr0.5)O3, we enhanced the energy-storage characteristics by inducing relaxor behavior and improving the dielectric breakdown strength. Notably, the 0.7BNT-0.3SZT ceramics exhibited a substantial recoverable energy storage density of 3.79 J/cm3. Furthermore, these ceramics demonstrated remarkable temperature stability, manifesting a consistent Wrec within the range of 1.41 to 1.59 J/cm3 across a broad temperature span of 20 to 160 °C at an electric field of 150 kV/cm. Additionally, the 0.7BNT-0.3SZT ceramic displayed exceptional energy release properties, characterized by a high discharge energy density (Wd = 1.17~1.42 J/cm3) and rapid discharge time (t0.9 ~ 0.259 μs). These discernible outcomes underscore the potential of BNT-SZT ceramics as a promising lead-free material for energy storage applications. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Energy storage

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A Soft-Robotic Thumb Orthosis Facilitating Individual Assistance of Thumb Joints

A Soft-Robotic Thumb Orthosis Facilitating Individual Assist...

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IEEE International Conference on Soft Robotics (RoboSoft)

作者： Christina Chase-Markopoulou Anoush Sepehri Tania K. Morimoto Michael T. Tolley Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department of Surgery Materials Science and Engineering Program University of California San Diego CA USA

ISBN: (数字)9798331520205

ISBN: (纸本)9798331520212

Many wearable soft robotic devices have been developed to assist with spasticity – the increased muscle tone seen in individuals with neurological conditions such as stroke or cerebral palsy. However, these devices typically lack the ability to individually assist multiple degrees of freedom (DOF), which is essential to performing a broad range of daily tasks. To address this need, we developed a soft robotic thumb orthosis to achieve movement in three DOF. We focused on the thumb as it performs the most complex movement. Our orthosis used three unfolding textile pneumatic actuators to assist with the extension of the interphalangeal joint, combined extension of the metacarpal and carpometacarpal joints, and abduction of the carpometacarpal joint. The orthosis was tested on both a 3D-printed biomimetic test bed that emulated spasticity and a healthy individual. The orthosis met the full range of motion targets for each joint, except for the abduction of the carpometacarpal joint with medium spasticity, and surpassed the range of motion threshold required for activities of daily living. The orthosis was able to: (1) assist each DOF independently, (2) move the tip of a biomimetic thumb to a pre-determined target with total error of less than 1.5 cm when actuated with open-loop control, and, (3) provide individual joint assistance to a user with no motor impairment. This research showcases the ability of a soft robotic orthosis to assist movement in simulated spasticity of individual thumb joints and provides an important step towards a platform to study whether independent joint assistance during rehabilitation improves patient outcomes.

关键词： Performance evaluation Pneumatic actuators Biomimetics Thumb Spasticity Soft robotics Muscles Motors Motion control Textiles

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Investigation of the cap layer for improved GeSn multiple quantum well laser performance

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Optics Letters 2023年第7期48卷 1626-1629页

作者： Abernathy, Grey Ojo, Solomon Stanchu, Hryhorii Zhou, Yiyin Olorunsola, Oluwatobi Grant, Joshua Du, Wei Jheng, Yue-Tong Chang, Guo-En Li, Baohua Yu, Shui-Qing Department of Electrical Engineering University of Arkansas FayettevilleAR72701 United States Materials Science & Engineering Program University of Arkansas FayettevilleAR72701 United States Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering University of Arkansas FayettevilleAR72701 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering National Chung Cheng University Chiayi County62102 Taiwan Arktonics LLC 1339 South Pinnacle Drive FayettevilleAR72701 United States

The study of all-group-IV SiGeSn lasers has opened a new avenue to Si-based light sources. SiGeSn heterostructure and quantum well lasers have been successfully demonstrated in the past few years. It has been reported that, for multiple quantum well lasers, the optical confinement factor plays an important role in the net modal gain. In previous studies, adding a cap layer was proposed to increase the optical mode overlap with the active region and thereby improve the optical confinement factor of Fabry–Perot cavity lasers. In this work, SiGeSn/GeSn multiple quantum well (4-well) devices with various cap layer thicknesses, i.e., 0 (no cap), 190, 250, and 290 nm, are grown using a chemical vapor deposition reactor and characterized via optical pumping. While no-cap and thinner-cap devices only show spontaneous emission, the two thicker-cap devices exhibit lasing up to 77 K, with an emission peak at 2440 nm and a threshold of 214 kW/cm2 (250 nm cap device). The clear trend in device performance disclosed in this work provides guidance in device design for electrically injected SiGeSn quantum well lasers. © 2023 Optica Publishing Group.

关键词： Semiconductor quantum wells

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Erosion-corrosion resistance of Mo-Ti- and Ni-Cr-Mo-alloyed medium-carbon martensitic steels: a critical analysis of synergistic effect of erosion and corrosion

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2022年第8期29卷 1299-1311页

作者： De-fa Li Hang-yu Dong Cheng-yang Hu Kai-ming Wu Serhii Yershov Oleg Isayev School of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering West Anhui UniversityLuan 237012AnhuiChina The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Systems Science on Metallurgical ProcessingInternational Research Institute for Steel TechnologyWuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430081HubeiChina Laboratory for Excellence in Advanced Steel Research Materials Science and Engineering ProgramDepartment of MetallurgicalMaterials and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Texas at El PasoEl PasoTX 79968USA

Grain refinement renders Mo-Ti-alloyed medium-carbon martensitic steel to exhibit high hardness,high strength,and good toughness,but the erosion-corrosion resistance of steel in a corrosive slurry environment is not ***-Ti-alloyed medium-carbon martensitic steel is compared with Ni-Cr-Mo-alloyed medium-carbon martensitic steel,and the erosion-corrosion resistance of those two steels under impingement by NaCl solution with gravels has been *** components,pure-corrosion rate,pure-erosion rate,and synergistic effect of erosion and corrosion(SEEC)of erosion-corrosion rate,were *** pure-corrosion and pure-erosion rates of Mo-Ti-alloyed steel were higher than those of Ni-Cr-Mo-alloyed one;however,its erosion-corrosion rate was relatively lower because of a weak *** plastic deformation and work hardening due to gravel impingement were the essential reason for SEEC,which could be reduced by grain refinement,and consequently,Mo-Ti-alloyed steel with finer grains had better erosion-corrosion *** refinement could be an effective way to improve the erosion-corrosion resistance of martensitic steels.

关键词： Grain refinement Mo-Ti alloying Ni-Cr-Mo alloying Martensite Erosion-corrosion

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Processing-dependent stabilization of a dissimilar rare-earth boride in high-entropy (Ti0.2Zr0.2Hf0.2Ta0.2Er0.2)B2 with enhanced hardness and grain boundary segregation

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Journal of the European ceramic Society 2022年第12期42卷 5164-5171页

作者： Qin, Mingde Shivakumar, Sashank Lei, Tianjiao Gild, Joshua Hessong, Esther C. Wang, Haoren Vecchio, Kenneth S. Rupert, Timothy J. Luo, Jian Program of Materials Science and Engineering University of California San Diego La JollaCA92093 United States Department of NanoEngineering University of California San Diego La JollaCA92093 United States Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of California Irvine IrvineCA92697 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California Irvine IrvineCA92697 United States

This study demonstrates that 20% of a rare-earth (RE) diboride (ErB2) can be stabilized in a high-entropy transition metal (TM) diboride, despite the dissimilar chemical properties of RE and TM elements and large differences in lattice parameters of ErB2 and typical TMB2. However, the phase formation depends on the fabrication route, which is a noteworthy observation. Specifically, single-phase (Ti0.2Zr0.2Hf0.2Ta0.2Er0.2)B2 is synthesized via reactive spark plasma sintering (SPS) using elemental boron and metal elements. In contract, a specimen made by borocarbothermal reduction of binary oxides and SPS possess significant amounts of two Er-rich secondary phases. Notably, the RE addition in high-entropy TM diboride leads to improved hardness. Aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (AC STEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) elemental analyses further reveal significant Er segregation at grain boundaries. This work suggests that high-entropy ceramics can have significant solubilities of dissimilar components that may enable new, tunable, and improved properties. © 2022 The Authors

关键词： Rare earths

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Optimising degradation and mechanical performance of additively manufactured biodegradable Fe–Mn scaffolds using design strategies based on triply periodic minimal surfaces

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Smart materials in Medicine 2024年第1期5卷 127-139页

作者： Dargusch, Matthew S. Soro, Nicolas Demir, Ali Gokhan Venezuela, Jeffrey Sun, Qiang Wang, Yuan Abdal-hay, Abdalla Alali, Aya Q. Ivanovski, Saso Previtali, Barbara Kent, Damon School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering The University of Queensland Advanced Engineering Building Bld 49 Staff House Rd St LuciaQLD4072 Australia Department of Mechanical Engineering Politecnico di Milano Via La Masa 1 Milan20156 Italy School of Dentistry The University of Queensland Herston Campus 4072 Australia Department of Engineering Materials and Mechanical Design Faculty of Engineering South Valley University Qena83523 Egypt Faculty of Industry and Energy Technology Mechatronics Technology Program New Cairo Technological University New Cairo - Fifth Settlement Cairo11835 Egypt School of Science Technology and Engineering University of the Sunshine Coast Maroochydore BCQLD4558 Australia

Additively manufactured lattices based on triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS) have attracted significant research interest from the medical industry due to their good mechanical and biomorphic properties. However, most studies have focussed on permanent metallic implants, while very little work has been undertaken on manufacturing biodegradable metal lattices. In this study, the mechanical properties and in vitro corrosion of selective laser melted Fe–35%Mn lattices based on gyroid, diamond and Schwarz primitive unit-cells were comprehensively evaluated to investigate the relationships between lattice type and implant performance. The gyroid-based lattices were the most readily processable scaffold design for controllable porosity and matching the CAD design. Mechanical properties were influenced by lattice geometry and pore volume. The Schwarz lattices were stronger and stiffer than other designs with the 42% porosity scaffold exhibiting the highest combination of strength and ductility, while diamond and gyroid based scaffolds had lower strength and stiffness and were more plastically compliant. The corrosion behaviour was strongly influenced by porosity, and moderately influenced by geometry and geometry-porosity interaction. At 60% porosity, the diamond lattice displayed the highest degradation rate due to an inherently high surface area-to-volume ratio. The biodegradable Fe–35Mn porous scaffolds showed a good cytocompatibility to primary human osteoblasts cells. Additive manufacturing of biodegradable Fe–Mn alloys employing TPMS lattice designs is a viable approach to optimise and customise the mechanical properties and degradation response of resorbable implants toward specific clinical applications for hard tissue orthopaedic repair. © 2023 The Authors

关键词： Porosity

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