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Endotaxial Polytype engineering: Enhancement of Incommensurate Charge Density Waves in TaS2

Microscopy and microanalysis : the official journal of Microscopy Society of America, Microbeam Analysis Society, Microscopical Society of Canada 2023年第1期29卷 1646-1647页

作者： Sung, Suk Hyun Kezer, Pat Agarwal, Nishkarsh Goh, Yin Min Schnitzer, Noah Baggari, Ismail El Sun, Kai Kourkoutis, Lena F. Heron, John T. Hovden, Robert Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI United States Department of Physics University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Cornell University Ithaca NY United States Rowland Institute at Harvard University Cambridge MA United States Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science Ithaca NY United States School of Applied and Engineering Physics Cornell University Ithaca NY United States Applied Physics Program University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI United States

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Second law of thermodynamics: Spontaneous cold-to-hot heat transfer in a nonchaotic medium

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Physical Review E 2024年第5期110卷 054113-054113页

作者： Yu Qiao Zhaoru Shang Program of Materials Science and Engineering University of California San Diego La Jolla California 92093 USA Department of Structural Engineering University of California San Diego La Jolla California 92093-0085 USA

It has long been known that, fundamentally different from a large body of rarefied gas, when a Knudsen gas is immersed in a thermal bath, it may never reach thermal equilibrium. The root cause is nonchaoticity: as the particle-particle collisions are sparse, the particle trajectories tend to be independent of each other. Usually, this counterintuitive phenomenon is studied through kinetic theory and is not considered a thermodynamic problem. In current research, we show that if incorporated in a compound setup, such an intrinsically nonequilibrium behavior has nontrivial consequences and cannot circumvent thermodynamics: cold-to-hot heat transfer may happen spontaneously, either continuously (with an energy barrier), or cyclically (with time-dependent entropy barriers). It allows for production of useful work by absorbing heat from a single thermal reservoir without any other effect. As the system obeys the first law of thermodynamics, it breaks the boundaries of the second law of thermodynamics.

关键词： Classical statistical mechanics Nonequilibrium & irreversible thermodynamics Thermodynamics Monte Carlo methods

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Ultrafast, High-Intensity Laser Material Interaction in Polycrystalline Alumina Transparent ceramics

SSRN

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Chong, Poh Yin Wu, Xingzhong Castillo, Gabriel R. Garay, Javier E. Laboratory Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department Materials Science and Engineering Program University of California La Jolla San DiegoCA92093 United States

High-intensity pulsed laser-material interaction is a complicated process involving various laser parameters and material properties, and the coupling of these factors affects material modifications. This study investigates the laser-material interactions of single-crystal alumina (SCA) and transparent polycrystalline alumina (PCA). To understand the underlying mechanism of laser-induced modifications, single-shot irradiations are conducted using an ultrafast laser (λ = 1030 nm, τρ = 490 fs). This experiment focuses on the high-intensity regime from 1012 W/cm2 to 1015 W/cm2, generating high temperatures and pressure causing modifications (melting, ablation, and fracture). While SCA and PCA are fundamentally Al2O3, the difference in microstructure alters the optical and mechanical properties. The ablation depth shows a sublinear power law relationship with laser intensity for both materials although the energy dependence is lower for PCA. The differences can be attributed to different damage mechanisms;the laser-induced craters in SCA exhibit predominantly melting whereas PCA demonstrates fracture-like morphologies. The fracture in PCA is surprising given its higher indent-produced fracture resistance. The differences in fracture behavior can be reconciled considering the much higher pressure application rates produced by laser pulsing. PCA has a lower laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) than SCA. Laser-induced crater area and volume increase linearly with laser fluence and peak intensity. Altering the focusing conditions can change the LIDT and expand the laser processing window. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Single crystals

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Reliability of Deployed Organic Photovoltaic Modules 52

Reliability of Deployed Organic Photovoltaic Modules

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52nd IEEE Photovoltaic Specialist Conference, PVSC 2024

作者： Sheriff, Hafiz K. M. Li, Yongxi Saad, Sammy Forrest, Stephen R. Applied Physics Program University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Department of Electrical Engineering University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Department of Physics University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781665464260

The commercial future of organic photovoltaics (OPVs) relies on their efficiency and reliability. Recent progress in the field has ensured the achievement of device efficiency comparable to those of commercial silicon-based photovoltaics (Si-PVs) [1]. In pursuit of reliable devices, recent works have demonstrated the intrinsic stability of both small-molecule, vacuum deposited [2] and non-fullerene acceptor (NFA) - polymer-based devices [3] under controlled laboratory conditions. The final step for outdoor deployment is therefore a demonstration of the reliability of large area OPV modules in the field, subjected to fluctuating environmental conditions such as humidity, temperature, rainfall, snow, and solar intensity. In this work, we develop a customized test facility intended for the study of the reliability of large area OPV modules deployed in outdoor environments. The facility is designed for automated in-situ measurements calibrated to 1 sun solar intensity, AM 1.5 G illumination. Initial data show the modules retain more than 95% of their initial performance for 150 h when exposed to varying solar intensities, temperature fluctuations of -2°C to 10°C, and relative humidity as high as 90%. The only significant extrinsic challenge to device stability observed was the ingress of water into the package. This is mitigated by improved packaging which utilizes polyisobutylene (PIB) encapsulation and a customized insulated glass unit (IGU). © 2024 IEEE.

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Virtual Scale-Up for Sintering Process of Zno Varistor with a Data-Derived Metamodel and Numerical Simulation

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Kim, Boyeol Seo, Ga Won Yoo, Kyoungmin Ryu, Jeong Ho Hong, Younwoo Chung, Yong-Chae Chung, Chan-Yeup Center of Materials Digitalization Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering & Technology Jinju52851 Korea Republic of Center of Electronic Convergence Materials Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering & Technology Jinju52851 Korea Republic of Department of Materials Science and Engineering Hanyang University Seoul04763 Korea Republic of Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea National University of Transportation Chungbuk Chungju27469 Korea Republic of

Achieving the desired electrical properties in a ZnO varistor necessitates meticulous control over the microstructure, achieved by regulating parameters such as sintering temperature, sintering time, heating rate, and cooling rate during the sintering process. Subsequently, a metamodel was constructed through machine learning, utilizing a dataset obtained from a laboratory-scale furnace employing the Design of Experiments (DOE) method, incorporating the aforementioned four process variables and permittivity. The Hybrid Metaheuristic Algorithm (HMA) optimization algorithm was then applied to ascertain optimized process conditions, maximizing permittivity through the meta-model. To adapt these derived conditions for the scale-up sintering furnace, temperature data were collected from both the lab-scale furnace and the scale-up sintering furnace through numerical simulation. The permittivity of the sintered ZnO varistor, predicted by inputting the corrected process variables into the metamodel, exhibited a 4.6% difference from the experimental value, representing the average permittivity of ZnO varistors sintered in the scale-up furnace. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Permittivity

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Comparison of superhydrophobic biodegradable PLA films with fluorine-free hexamethyldisilazane grafted silica and mesoporous silica particles

Results in Materials

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Results in materials 2024年 21卷

作者： Yoo, Kwon Jun Chang, Jeong Ho Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology Chungbuk 28160 South Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering Yonsei University Seoul 03722 South Korea

This study reports the surface coating of fluorine-free hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) on non-porous silica particles (SPs) and mesoporous silica particles (MSPs), with nanopores arranged in the straight channels, and compares the degree of superhydrophobicity by coating them on biodegradable PLA film by gravure process. The particle sizes of SPs and MSPs are 50 nm and 800 nm, and the amount of HMDS grafted onto SPs and MSPs is 0.5% and 9.5%, respectively. The superhydrophobicity of these particles is confirmed by the measurement of water contact angle (WCA) as a function of HMDS concentration for SPs and MSPs from 0 to 1.6 M, respectively. The WCA of HMDS@SPs and HMDS@MSPs grafted with 1.6 M of HMDS is 152° and 151° (WCA of unmodified SPs and MSPs is 13.85° and 27.65°). To apply superhydrophobic PLA film coating, 5 wt% of HMDS@SPs and HMDS@MSPs were mixed with gravure solution and then coated on biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) film. The results showed that the WCA of PLA film with HMDS@SPs and HMDS@MSPs were 98.40° and 152.31°, respectively. This remarkable difference in WCA is due to the dissociation of HMDS molecules grafted on the surface of SPs and MSPs, which are easily separated by the gravure solvent. For MSPs materials composed of many nanopores, the dissociated HMDS molecules are initially released into the solution but are retained within the nanopores. Therefore, the residual amount of HMDS molecules dissociated by the gravure solution is much higher in HMDS@MSPs than in HMDS@SPs. © 2023

关键词： Contact angles Fluorine-free Hexamethyldisilazane Mesoporous silica PLA film Superhydrophobicity

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Characterizing catalyst function and transformations in the plasma reduction of CO₂ on atomic layer deposition-synthesized catalysts

RSC Applied Interfaces

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RSC Applied Interfaces 2024年第3期1卷 552-563页

作者： Conlin, Samuel K. Mehrabi, Hamed Parette, David N. Nichols, Eva M. Coridan, Robert H. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Arkansas Fayetteville 72701 AR United States Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Arkansas Fayetteville 72701 AR United States Department of Chemistry University of British Columbia Vancouver V6T 1Z1 BC Canada

The enhancement of CO2 reduction in atmospheric-pressure, non-thermal plasma has been shown using a variety of catalyst systems with ranging composition, particle sizes, and morphologies. Improvements in CO2 conversio...

The enhancement of CO₂ reduction in atmospheric-pressure, non-thermal plasma has been shown using a variety of catalyst systems with ranging composition, particle sizes, and morphologies. Improvements in CO₂ conversion can be attained by choice of catalyst material. However, inhomogeneity in the material distribution arising from the synthesis affects the catalytically active surface area and dielectric environment that modulates the plasma properties near the catalyst. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) can be used to control the composition of ultra-thin layers on support materials. We used ALD to synthesize metal oxide catalyst coatings on high surface area supports. We found that TiO₂ achieved significantly higher yields of CO₂ conversion (to CO and O₂) at low reactor power compared to ZnO or Al₂O₃, materials commonly used as a support for other catalysts. We also observed an unexpected increase in the catalytic activity on ZnO with increasing power. The results here suggest that ALD can unambiguously isolate the catalytic effects of materials in plasma reactors. © 2024 RSC.

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Frequency-dependent phonon-mediated unidirectional magnetoresistance in a metal on an insulator with highly nonequilibrium magnons

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Physical Review B 2023年第14期107卷 L140412-L140412页

作者： Sean E. Sullivan Hwijong Lee Annie Weathers Li Shi Materials Science and Engineering Program The University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 78712 USA Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 78712 USA

Heavy-metal (HM)/magnet bilayers host many magnetoresistance (MR) and spin caloritronic effects. Here, we show that the spin Peltier effect and electron-phonon scattering produce much larger unidirectional MR of an HM on a magnetic insulator than existing theories that neglect the interplay between MR and spin caloritronic effects. By accounting for local nonequilibrium in both the magnon chemical potential and temperature, our analytical model attributes the observed frequency dependence of the spin Peltier MR and the spin Seebeck effect to the reduction of the thermal penetration depth, which approaches the 1−μm-scale magnon spin-diffusion length at high frequencies.

关键词： Magnetic anisotropy Magnetotransport Spin dynamics Spintronics Temperature Thermal conductivity Thermoelectric effects Thermomagnetic effects

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NIR-Responsive Methotrexate-Modified Iron Selenide Nanorods for Synergistic Magnetic Hyperthermic, Photothermal, and Chemodynamic Therapy

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ACS Applied materials and Interfaces 2024年第20期16卷 25622-25636页

作者： Thirumurugan, Senthilkumar Muthiah, Kayalvizhi Samuvel Lin, Yu-Chien Dhawan, Udesh Liu, Wai-Ching Wang, An-Ni Liu, Xinke Hsiao, Michael Tseng, Ching-Li Chung, Ren-Jei No. 1 Section 3 Zhongxiao East Road Taipei10608 Taiwan Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment Division of Biomedical Engineering James Watt School of Engineering Mazumdar-Shaw Advanced Research Centre University of Glasgow GlasgowG116EW United Kingdom Faculty of Science and Technology Technological and Higher Education Institute of Hong Kong Hong Kong New Territories999077 Hong Kong Scrona AG Grubenstrasse 9 Zürich8045 Switzerland College of Materials Science and Engineering Chinese Engineering and Research Institute of Microelectronics Shenzhen University Shenzhen518060 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore117583 Singapore Genomics Research Center Academia Sinica Taipei115 Taiwan Department and Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine School of Veterinary Medicine National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan Research Center of Biomedical Device College of Biomedical Engineering Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan International Ph.D. Program in Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan Taipei10608 Taiwan

Breast cancer is a malignant tumor with a high mortality rate among women. Therefore, it is necessary to develop novel therapies to effectively treat this disease. In this study, iron selenide nanorods (FeSe2 NRs) were designed for use in magnetic hyperthermic, photothermal, and chemodynamic therapy (MHT/PTT/CDT) for breast cancer. To illustrate their efficacy, FeSe2 NRs were modified with the chemotherapeutic agent methotrexate (MTX). MTX-modified FeSe2 (FeSe2-MTX) exhibited excellent controlled drug release properties. Fe2+ released from FeSe2 NRs induced the release of •OH from H2O2 via a Fenton/Fenton-like reaction, enhancing the efficacy of CDT. Under alternating magnetic field (AMF) stimulation and 808 nm laser irradiation, FeSe2-MTX exerted potent hyperthermic and photothermal effects by suppressing tumor growth in a breast cancer nude mouse model. In addition, FeSe2 NRs can be used for magnetic resonance imaging in vivo by incorporating their superparamagnetic characteristics into a single nanomaterial. Overall, we presented a novel technique for the precise delivery of functional nanosystems to tumors that can enhance the efficacy of breast cancer treatment. © 2024 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society

关键词： Magnetic resonance imaging

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Achieving Near-Intrinsic Exciton Linewidth at Room Temperature in Monolayer WS2 Coupled with a Mie Resonator

Achieving Near-Intrinsic Exciton Linewidth at Room Temperatu...

引用

CLEO: science and Innovations, S and I 2022

作者： Fang, Jie Yao, Kan Zheng, Yuebing Materials Science & Engineering Program Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781557528209

Strong multiparticle interactions at room temperature (RT) lead to broadened homogeneous exciton linewidths in 2D semiconductors, degrading the quality of excitonic mode and emission. By coupling a Mie resonator with monolayer WS2, we achieve narrowed linewidths at RT, approaching the theoretical limit at 0 Kelvin. © Optica Publishing Group 2022, © 2022 The Author(s)

关键词： Linewidth

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