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Effects of Susceptor Geometry on Gan Growth on Si(111) with a New MOCVD Reactor

MRS Internet Journal of Nitride Semiconductor Research 2020年第1期4卷 316-321页

作者： Gao, Yungeng Gulino, Daniel A. Higgins, Ryan Department of Chemical Engineering and Condensed Matter and Surface Science Program Ohio University Athens USA Condensed Matter and Surface Science Program Ohio University Athens USA

High quality GaN films on AlN buffer layers were grown on Si(111) with a new, commercial, two-injector vertical rotating disk MOCVD reactor (CVD, Inc.). It was found that the geometry of the susceptor greatly affected the structural quality of the epilayers on Si. For the original susceptor geometry, though single crystal GaN films could be obtained, the films were dark gray in appearance with a rough morphology, and the best x-ray rocking curve FWHM was 2.33°. After modifying the susceptor geometry, transparent, mirror-like single crystal GaN films were obtained with the best x-ray rocking curve FWHM being 0.24°. Photoluminescence (PL) and infrared reflectance (IR) spectra of the grown films were compared. The film growth rate was found to increase with decrease of the growth pressure. A 2-D simulation of the flow, heat transfer, and chemical species transport in the reactor showed a more symmetric flow, larger velocity gradient, and lower upward velocity with the modified susceptor, which may be the main reason for the improvement of the structural quality of the films.

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Recent progress in perovskite solar cells:material science

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science China Chemistry 2023年第1期66卷 10-64页

作者： Jiang-Yang Shao Dongmei Li Jiangjian Shi Chuang Ma Yousheng Wang Xiaomin Liu Xianyuan Jiang Mengmeng Hao Luozheng Zhang Chang Liu Yiting Jiang Zhenhan Wang Yu-Wu Zhong Shengzhong(Frank)Liu Yaohua Mai Yongsheng Liu Yixin Zhao Zhijun Ning Lianzhou Wang Baomin Xu Lei Meng Zuqiang Bian Ziyi Ge Xiaowei Zhan Jingbi You Yongfang Li Qingbo Meng Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Laboratory for Renewable Energy(CAS) Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of EducationShaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy DevicesShaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy TechnologyInstitute for Advanced Energy MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringShaanxi Normal UniversityXi’an 710119China Institute of New Energy Technology College of Information Science and TechnologyJinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China School of Physical Science and Technology Shanghai Tech UniversityShanghai 201210China Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology and School of Chemical Engineering The University of QueenslandSt LuciaBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia Department of Materials Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology&EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingbo 315201China Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education School of Materials Science and EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials Science Institute of SemiconductorsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100083China School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials(iChEM)Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian 116023China Key Laboratory of Funct

Perovskite solar cells represent a promising third-generation photovoltaic technology with low fabrication cost and high power conversion *** light of the rapid development of perovskite materials and devices,a systematic survey on the latest advancements covering a broad range of related work is urgently *** review summarizes the recent major advances in the research of perovskite solar cells from a material science *** discussed topics include the devices based on different type of perovskites(organic-inorganic hybrid,all-inorganic,and lead-free perovskite and perovskite quantum dots),the properties of perovskite defects,different type of charge transport materials(organic,polymeric,and inorganic hole transport materials and inorganic and organic electron transport materials),counter electrodes,and interfacial materials used to improve the efficiency and stability of *** discussions focus on the key progresses reported within the recent five ***,the major issues limiting the production of perovskite solar cells and the prospects for the future development of related materials are discussed.

关键词： perovskite solar cells power conversion efficiency perovskite materials hole transport materials electron transport materials counter electrode materials interfacial functional materials defects

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Polymorphism of Kdo-Based Glycolipids:The Elaborately Determined Stable and Dynamic Bicelles

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CCS Chemistry 2022年第7期4卷 2228-2238页

作者： Yingle Feng Long Li Qiqige Du Lu Gou Lei Zhang Yonghai Chai Ran Zhang Tongfei Shi Guosong Chen The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai 200433 Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi Normal UniversityXi’anShaanxi 710119 MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter School of ScienceXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049 Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130022 Multiscale Research Institute of Complex Systems Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433

Understanding how the diversity of glycolipids,including how their chemical structures and composition affect their biological functions,is a remarkable fundamental *** this work,we employed a rare monosaccharide,3-deoxy-Dmanno-2-octulosonic acid(Kdo)to build a simple and biomimetic model to understand the diversity of glycolipids from the viewpoint of supramolecular *** was chosen not only because its unusual 8-carbon acidic carbohydrate backbone is very different from common hexoses,but also because of its key structural role in lipopolysaccharides and prevalence in bacteria,plant life,and *** was found that although both of the two Kdo-lipids S-Kdo and Kdo-S derived from the same carbohydrate backbone and gave bicelles as their self-assembled morphology,experimental results revealed that the self-assembly showed pathway *** is the thermodynamic product of S-Kdo,while for Kdo-S,the bicelle is only a kinetically trapped state,which finally transforms to a *** simulation clearly revealed the different packing of Kdo-lipids in the bicelles with different contribution from hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions.

关键词： glycolipid Kdo self-assembly bicelles

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Emergent dimer-model topological order and quasi-particle excitations in liquid crystals: combinatorial vortex lattices

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Meng, Cuiling Wu, Jin-Sheng Kos, Žiga Dunkel, Jörn Nisoli, Cristiano Smalyukh, Ivan I. Department of Physics and Chemical Physics Program University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States Hiroshima University Hiroshima Higashihiroshima Japan Department of Mathematics Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Faculty of Mathematics and Physics University of Ljubljana Ljubljana Slovenia Department of Condensed Matter Physics Jožef Stefan Institute Ljubljana Slovenia Theoretical Division Physics of Condensed Matter and Complex Systems Center For Nonlinear Studies Los Alamos National Laboratory Los AlamosNM87545 United States Department of Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute National Renewable Energy Laboratory University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States

Liquid crystals have proven to provide a versatile experimental and theoretical platform for studying topological objects such as vortices, skyrmions, and hopfions. In parallel, in hard condensed matter physics, the concept of topological phases and topological order has been introduced in the context of spin liquids to investigate emergent phenomena like quantum Hall effects and high-temperature superconductivity. Here, we bridge these two seemingly disparate perspectives on topology in physics. Combining experiments and simulations, we show how topological defects in liquid crystals can be used as versatile building blocks to create complex, highly degenerate topological phases, which we refer to as ‘Combinatorial Vortex Lattices’ (CVLs). CVLs exhibit extensive residual entropy and support locally stable quasi-particle excitations in the form of charge-conserving topological monopoles, which can act as mobile information carriers and be linked via Dirac strings. CLVs can be rewritten and reconfigured on demand, endowed with various symmetries, and modified through laser-induced topological surgery — an essential capability for information storage and retrieval. We demonstrate experimentally the realization, stability, and precise optical manipulation of CVLs, thus opening new avenues for understanding and technologically exploiting higher-hierarchy topology in liquid crystals and other ordered media. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Laser surgery

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Effect of surface steps on chemical ordering in the subsurface of Cu(Au) solid solutions

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Physical Review B 2021年第3期103卷 035401-035401页

作者： Kuo Liu Siming Zhang Dongxiang Wu Langli Luo Xianhu Sun Xiaobo Chen Dmitri Zakharov Shaobo Cheng Yimei Zhu Judith C. Yang Guofeng Wang Guangwen Zhou Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Program State University of New York Binghamton New York 13902 USA Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15261 USA Center for Functional Nanomaterials Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York 11973 USA Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York 11973 USA Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15261 USA

Atomic steps are typically assumed to only influence surface phenomena of solids. In contrast, here we show, using in situ atomic-resolution electron microscopy observations and atomistic modeling, the pronounced effect from surface steps in inducing compositional and structural evolution in the subsurface of a Cu(Au) solid solution. We find that Au surface segregation results in a stacked sequence of Cu-Au ordered phases in the subsurface. The presence of a monatomic step at the surface induces the formation of an antiphase boundary that extends from the surface step to deeper layers by maintaining the same composition profile associated with each terrace. The bunching of surface steps induces chemical disordering of the Cu-Au ordered phases in the subsurface region of the bunched steps. These results demonstrate the instant propagation of surface dynamics of atomic steps into the subsurface region and can find broader applicability in utilizing surface defects to tune the composition and structure in the subsurface of alloys.

关键词： Structural properties surface & interfacial phenomena Alloys Density functional theory Electron microscopy

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Observation of the dual quantum spin Hall insulator by density-tuned correlations in a van der Waals monolayer

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Tang, Jian Ding, Thomas Siyuan Chen, Hongyu Gao, Anyuan Qian, Tiema Huang, Zumeng Sun, Zhe Han, Xin Strasser, Alex Li, Jiangxu Geiwitz, Michael Shehabeldin, Mohamed Belosevich, Vsevolod Wang, Zihan Wang, Yiping Watanabe, Kenji Taniguchi, Takashi Bell, David C. Wang, Ziqiang Fu, Liang Zhang, Yang Qian, Xiaofeng Burch, Kenneth S. Shi, Youguo Ni, Ni Chang, Guoqing Xu, Su-Yang Ma, Qiong Department of Physics Boston College Chestnut HillMA United States Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore Singapore Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Harvard University CambridgeMA United States Department of Physics and Astronomy and California NanoSystems Institute University of California Los Angeles Los AngelesCA United States Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Department of Materials Science and Engineering Texas A&M University College StationTX United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Tennessee KnoxvilleTN United States Min H. Kao Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Tennessee KnoxvilleTN United States Research Center for Electronic and Optical Materials National Institute for Materials Science Tsukuba Japan Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics National Institute for Materials Science Tsukuba Japan Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences The Center for Nanoscale system Harvard University CambridgeMA United States Department of Physics Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States CIFAR Azrieli Global Scholars program CIFAR Toronto Canada

The convergence of topology and correlations represents a highly coveted realm in the pursuit of novel quantum states of matter [1, 2]. Introducing electron correlations to a quantum spin Hall (QSH) insulator can lead to the emergence of a fractional topological insulator and other exotic time-reversal-symmetric topological order [3- 10], not possible in quantum Hall and Chern insulator systems. However, the QSH insulator with quantized edge conductance remains rare, let alone that with significant correlations. In this work, we report a novel dual QSH insulator within the intrinsic monolayer crystal of TaIrTe4, arising from the interplay of its single-particle topology and density-tuned electron correlations. At charge neutrality, monolayer TaIrTe4 demonstrates the QSH insulator that aligns with single-particle band structure calculations, manifesting enhanced nonlocal transport and quantized helical edge conductance. Interestingly, upon introducing electrons from charge neutrality, TaIrTe4 only shows metallic behavior in a small range of charge densities but quickly goes into a new insulating state, entirely unexpected based on TaIrTe4's single-particle band structure. This insulating state could arise from a strong electronic instability near the van Hove singularities (VHS), likely leading to a charge density wave (CDW). Remarkably, within this correlated insulating gap, we observe a resurgence of the QSH state, marked by the revival of nonlocal transport and quantized helical edge conduction. Our observation of helical edge conduction in a CDW gap could bridge spin physics and charge orders. The discovery of a dual QSH insulator introduces a new method for creating topological flat minibands via CDW superlattices, which offer a promising platform for exploring time-reversal-symmetric fractional phases and electromagnetism [3-5, 11, 12]. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Charge density waves

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Magnetic field induced Weyl state in the van der Waals–type antiferromagnet GdTe3

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Physical Review B 2023年第20期108卷 205132-205132页

作者： Y. M. Wan E.-J. Cheng H.-Y. Ma X. F. Yang X. F. Hou X. J. Chen X. Zhang C. Y. Xi Z. C. Zhong J. P. Liu Y. F. Guo S. Y. Li State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics Department of Physics Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW-Dresden) Dresden 01069 Germany Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids Dresden 01187 Germany School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China ShanghaiTech Laboratory for Topological Physics ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 China Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions High Magnetic Field Laboratory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei 230031 China China Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing 210093 China Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences Shanghai 201315 China

GdTe3, a van der Waals–type antiferromagnetic (AFM) metal with high mobility, is gaining a lot of attention for its potential use in high-speed spintronic devices as well as for fundamental physics research. Due to the magnetocrystalline anisotropy of GdTe3, exotic effects are envisaged, when the magnetic configurations interact with an external magnetic field. In this work, a magnetic-field-induced Weyl state in GdTe3 is revealed. In the AFM state, GdTe3 is topologically trivial. However, when an external magnetic field exceeding ∼20 T aligns all spins, band splitting occurs, and then a topological transition is induced, i.e., from a trivial metallic state to a topological Weyl metallic state. In addition, a topological change of Fermi surfaces, i.e., a field-induced Lifshitz transition, is uncovered, which may also be rooted in band splitting. Moreover, high-pressure electrical transport measurements reveal a peculiar superconducting transition with a nearly invariant superconducting transition temperature (Tc∼4.2 K) spanning a wide range of pressure up to 48 GPa. These findings imply that GdTe3 provides a unique platform for investigating not only the interactions of charge-density-wave fluctuations and superconductivity but also the interplay between magnetism and topology.

关键词： Antiferromagnets Superconductors Topological materials

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Emergent Dimer-Model Topological Order and Quasiparticle Excitations in Liquid Crystals: Combinatorial Vortex Lattices

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Physical Review X 2025年第2期15卷 021084-021084页

作者： Cuiling Meng Jin-Sheng Wu Žiga Kos Jörn Dunkel Cristiano Nisoli Ivan I. Smalyukh Department of Physics and Chemical Physics Program University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (WPI-SKCM) Hiroshima University Higashihiroshima Hiroshima Japan Department of Mathematics Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA Faculty of Mathematics and Physics University of Ljubljana Ljubljana Slovenia Department of Condensed Matter Physics Jožef Stefan Institute Ljubljana Slovenia Theoretical Division Physics of Condensed Matter and Complex Systems and Center For Nonlinear Studies Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA Department of Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute National Renewable Energy Laboratory University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA

Liquid crystals have proven to provide a versatile experimental and theoretical platform for studying topological objects such as vortices, skyrmions, and hopfions. In parallel, in hard condensed matter physics, the concept of topological phases and topological order has been introduced in the context of spin liquids to investigate emergent phenomena like quantum Hall effects and high-temperature superconductivity. Here, we bridge these two seemingly disparate perspectives on topology in physics. Combining experiments and simulations, we show how topological defects in liquid crystals can be used as versatile building blocks to create complex, highly degenerate topological phases, which we refer to as “combinatorial vortex lattices” (CVLs). CVLs exhibit extensive residual entropy and support locally stable quasiparticle excitations in the form of charge-conserving topological monopoles, which can act as mobile information carriers and be linked via Dirac strings. CVLs can be rewritten and reconfigured on demand, endowed with various symmetries, and modified through laser-induced topological surgery—an essential capability for information storage and retrieval. We demonstrate experimentally the realization, stability, and precise optical manipulation of CVLs, thus opening new avenues for understanding and technologically exploiting higher-hierarchy topology in liquid crystals and other ordered media.

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Charge and spin degrees of freedom in A-site ordered YCu3Co4O12 and CaCu3Co4O12

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Physical Review B 2021年第11期103卷 115149-115149页

作者： Yi-Ying Chin Zhiwei Hu Yuichi Shimakawa Junye Yang Youwen Long A. Tanaka Liu Hao Tjeng Hong-Ji Lin Chien-Te Chen Department of Physics National Chung Cheng University Chiayi 62102 Taiwan Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids Nöthnitzer Strasse 40 01187 Dresden Germany Institute for Chemical Research Kyoto University Kyoto 611-0011 Japan Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory Dongguan Guangdong 523808 China Quantum Matter Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University Higashi-hiroshima 739-8530 Japan National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC) 101 Hsin-Ann Road Hsinchu 30076 Taiwan

Using soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy we were able to determine unambiguously the charge and spin states of the transition metal ions in stoichiometric YCu3Co4O12 and CaCu3Co4O12. The trivalent and low-spin nature of both the Cu and Co ions in YCu3Co4O12 makes this correlated system to be effectively a nonmagnetic band semiconductor. The substitution of Y by Ca produces formally tetravalent Co ions but the doped holes are primarily on the oxygen ligands. Concerning the spin degrees of freedom, the trivalent Co ions in YCu3Co4O12 remain low spin upon the Y-Ca substitution, very much unlike the La1−xSrxCoO3 system. The tetravalent Co ions in CaCu3Co4O12 are interestingly also in the low-spin state, which then explains the good electrical conductivity of CaCu3Co4O12 since charge exchange between neighboring Co3+ and Co4+ ions will not be hampered by the spin-blockade mechanism that otherwise would be in effect if the Co4+ and Co3+ spin quantum numbers were to differ by more than one-half. We infer that the stability of the Co low-spin state is related to the very short Co-O bond lengths.

关键词： Electrical conductivity Oxides Strongly correlated systems X-ray absorption spectroscopy

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Cation and anion topotactic transformations in cobaltite thin films leading to Ruddlesden-Popper phases

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Physical Review Materials 2021年第6期5卷 064416-064416页

作者： I-Ting Chiu Min-Han Lee Shaobo Cheng Shenli Zhang Larry Heki Zhen Zhang Yahya Mohtashami Pavel N. Lapa Mingzhen Feng Padraic Shafer Alpha T. N'Diaye Apurva Mehta Jon A. Schuller Giulia Galli Shriram Ramanathan Yimei Zhu Ivan K. Schuller Yayoi Takamura Department of Chemical Engineering University of California Davis Davis California 95616 USA Materials Science and Engineering Program University of California San Diego La Jolla California 92093 USA Department of Physics and Center for Advanced Nanoscience University of California San Diego La Jolla California 92093 USA Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Division Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York 11973 USA Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering The University of Chicago Chicago Illinois 60637 USA Materials Department University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara California 93106 USA School of Materials Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara California 93106 USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California Davis Davis California 95616 USA Advanced Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720 USA Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo Park California 94025 USA Materials Science Division and Center for Molecular Engineering Argonne National Laboratory Lemont Illinois 60439 USA

Topotactic transformations involve structural changes between related crystal structures due to a loss or gain of material while retaining a crystallographic relationship. The perovskite oxide La0.7Sr0.3CoO3 (LSCO) is an ideal system for investigating phase transformations due to its high oxygen vacancy conductivity, relatively low oxygen vacancy formation energy, and strong coupling of the magnetic and electronic properties to the oxygen stoichiometry. While the transition between cobaltite perovskite and brownmillerite (BM) phases has been widely reported, further reduction beyond the BM phase lacks systematic studies. In this paper, we study the evolution of the physical properties of LSCO thin films upon exposure to highly reducing environments. We observe the rarely reported crystalline Ruddlesden-Popper phase, which involves the loss of both oxygen anions and cobalt cations upon annealing where the cobalt is found as isolated Co ions or Co nanoparticles. First-principles calculations confirm that the concurrent loss of oxygen and cobalt ions is thermodynamically possible through an intermediary BM phase. The strong correlation of the magnetic and electronic properties to the crystal structure highlights the potential of utilizing ion migration as a basis for emerging applications such as neuromorphic computing.

关键词： Crystal defects Electrical conductivity Electronic structure of atoms & molecules Epitaxial strain First-principles calculations Magnetism Phase transitions

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