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Amplifying X-ray-Induced Charge Transfer Facilitates Direct Sensitization of Photosensitizers in Radiotherapy

ACS Nano 2025年第17期19卷 16775-16793页

作者： Zhang, Da Chen, Qingjing Zhang, Junrong Xing, Xiaohua Zhou, Yang Ou, Xiangyu Dai, Shuheng Chen, Qiushui Liu, Xiaolong Chen, Xiaoyuan Zeng, Yongyi The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University Fuzhou350025 China Departments of Diagnostic Radiology Surgery Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Biomedical Engineering Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine Faculty of Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore119074 Singapore Clinical Imaging Research Centre Centre for Translational Medicine Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore138667 Singapore Nanomedicine Translational Research Program NUS Center for Nanomedicine Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore138667 Singapore CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou350002 China Linköping University LinköpingSE-58183 Sweden MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology Fuzhou University Fuzhou350108 China Department of General Surgery Fujian Medical University Union Hospital Fuzhou350001 China Mengchao Med-X Center Fuzhou University Fuzhou350116 China Liver Disease Center The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University Fuzhou350005 China

X-ray-induced photodynamic therapy offers substantial promise for treating deep-seated tumors, but it is still limited by highly inefficient energy transfer processes and the stringent requirements for scintillators with high luminescence quantum yield and significant singlet-triplet intersystem crossing ratios. Herein, we describe X-ray-induced electron-dynamic therapy (X-eDT), which obviates the need for intersystem crossing by exposing nonluminescent hafnium-silica nanoparticles to X-rays, to generate high-energy electrons that can sensitize lower-lying triplet states of various photosensitizers. Our approach strongly induced the production of singlet oxygen (6.18-fold) in vitro even at lower X-ray doses, and in mice it strongly inhibited the growth of xenografts derived from liver, breast, or colon cancer cell lines (CDX), and growth of patient-derived xenografts (PDX) of hepatocellular carcinoma. In these CDX preclinical systems, X-eDT was not only effective against the irradiated xenograft but also against untreated xenografts in the same animal, and these abscopal effects involved enhanced tumor infiltration by CD4+T cells, CD8+T cells, and IFN-γ-polarized M1 macrophages within the tumor microenvironment. X-eDT even stimulated the production of memory T cells that inhibited rechallenges after treatment. These findings suggest that X-eDT can be effective against primary and metastatic tumors as well as tumor recurrence, which makes it much more powerful than conventional X-PDT. © 2025 American chemical Society.

关键词： Animal cell culture

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Ranking Magnetic Colloid Performance for Magnetic Particle Imaging and Magnetic Particle Hyperthermia

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Advanced Functional Materials 2025年第2期35卷 2412321页

作者： Carlton, Hayden Salimi, Marzieh Arepally, Nageshwar Bentolila, Gabriela Sharma, Anirudh Bibic, Adnan Newgren, Matt Goodwill, Patrick Attaluri, Anilchandra Korangath, Preethi Bulte, Jeff W.M. Ivkov, Robert Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine BaltimoreMD21231 United States Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science Division of MR Research the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine BaltimoreMD21205 United States Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program Institute for Cell Engineering the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine BaltimoreMD21205 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering School of Science Engineering and Technology The Pennsylvania State University – Harrisburg HarrisburgPA17057 United States F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging Kennedy Krieger Inc. BaltimoreMD21205 United States Magnetic Insight Inc. AlamedaCA94502 United States Department of Biomedical Engineering the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine BaltimoreMD21205 United States Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Whiting School of Engineering Johns Hopkins University BaltimoreMD21218 United States Department of Oncology Sydney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine BaltimoreMD21287 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Whiting School of Engineering Johns Hopkins University BaltimoreMD21218 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Whiting School of Engineering Johns Hopkins University BaltimoreMD21218 United States

Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is an emerging modality that can address longstanding technological challenges encountered with magnetic particle hyperthermia (MPH) cancer therapy. MPI is a tracer technology compatible with MPH for which magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) provide signal for MPI and heat for MPH. Identifying whether a specific MNP formulation is suitable for both modalities is essential for clinical implementation. Current models predict that functional requirements of each modality impose conflicting demands on nanoparticle magnetic properties. This objective here is to develop a measurement and ranking scheme based on end-use performance to streamline evaluation of candidate MNP formulations. The measured MPI point-spread function (PSF) and specific loss power (SLP) is combined to generate a single numerical value for comparison on a relative ranking scale, or figure of merit (FoM). 12 aqueous iron-containing formulations are evaluated, including FDA-approved (parenteral) iron-containing colloids. MNPs with high (Synomag-D70: 123.4), medium (Synomag-D50: 63.2), and low (NanoXact: 0.147) FoM values are selected for in vivo validation of the selection scheme in subcutaneous 4T1 tumors. Results demonstrate that the proposed ranking accurately assessed the relative performance of MNPs for MPI and MPH. Data demonstrated that image quality and tumor temperature rise increased with FoM ranking, validating predictions. It isshown that the MPI signal correlated with MNP concentration in tissue. Computational heat transfer models anchored on tumor MPI data harmonized with experimental results to within an average of 2 °C when MNP content estimated from MPI data is included. Computational studies emphasized the importance of post-injection MNP quantitation and MPI spatial resolution. © 2024 The Author(s). Advanced Functional Materials published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： Hyperthermia therapy

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Research on the matching relationship of municipal solid waste management and alternative fuel in Indonesia's cement industry

Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering

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Case Studies in chemical and Environmental engineering 2025年 11卷

作者： Wiharja Suherman Syafrudin Kholiq, Muhammad Abdul Pratama, Reba Anindyajati Robbani, Muhammad Haqqiyuddin Suryanto, Feddy Doctoral Program of Environmental Science School of Postgraduate Studies Diponegoro University Central Java Semarang 50275 Indonesia Research Center for Environmental and Clean Technology National Research and Innovation Agency Banten South Tangerang 15314 Indonesia Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Diponegoro University Central Java Semarang 50275 Indonesia Department of Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering Diponegoro University Central Java Semarang 50275 Indonesia Directorate of Environment Maritime Natural Resources and Nuclear Policy National Research and Innovation Agency Jakarta 10340 Indonesia

The cement industry in Indonesia, heavily relies on coal, contributing significantly to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Simultaneously, Java Island generates over 23 million tons of municipal solid waste (MSW) annually, with limited utilization for energy recovery. This study evaluates the feasibility of substituting coal with refuse-derived fuel (RDF) from MSW in Java's cement industry, focusing on environmental, economic, and technical aspects. Scenario analyses indicate that substituting 10%, 20%, and 30% of thermal energy with RDF could divert up to 8.7 million tons of MSW from landfills annually, reducing GHG emissions by up to 2.77 million Gg CO₂-eq. These reductions align with Indonesia's environmental policies and global climate commitments under the Paris Agreement. The economic assessment demonstrates the viability of RDF, with potential annual cost savings of up to $421 million. Beyond addressing coal dependency, RDF adoption supports circular economy practices, reduces landfill reliance, and mitigates environmental pollution. However, challenges such as infrastructure gaps and regulatory barriers require attention. This study provides actionable insights to guide policy formulation, foster industry investment, and facilitate the implementation of RDF-based energy solutions. By bridging waste management and sustainable energy practices, the findings contribute to Indonesia's renewable energy goals, emphasizing the practical applications of RDF for a more sustainable future in industrial operations. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Alternative fuel Cement industry Municipal solid waste Refused-derived fuel Sustainable energy

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CATIONIC CO-POLYMERIZATION OF ISOBUTENE AND CONJUGATED SMALL-RING DIENES

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JOURNAL OF POLYMER science PART A-POLYMER CHEMISTRY 1979年第2期17卷 331-349页

作者： TSAO, JH LENZ, RW Polymer Science and Engineering Program Chemical Engineering Department University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003

1-Methyl-3-methylenecyclobutene (MMCB) and 1,2-dimethylenecyclobutane (DMCB) copolymerized readily with isobutene with aluminum chloride as initiator in methyl chloride solution at temperatures from −95 to −78°C. No polymers were obtained with methylenecyclobutene (MCB) under similar conditions. The copolymerization of MMCB with isobutene took place through a 1,5-addition reaction while that of DMCB through both 1,2- and 1,4-addition reactions. Large amounts of gel were present in the copolymers obtained from DMCB if the reaction was carried to high conversion. The commonly observed effects of dienes (i.e., rate retardation and molecular weight depression) on cationic copolymerization reactions were observed but to a much higher degree with these small ring dienes. The thermal crosslinking behavior of the resulting copolymers was investigated. In conjunction with the copolymerization studies, homopolymers of MMCB, DMCB, and 3,3-dimethyl-1-isopropylidene-2-methylenecyclobutane (IMCB) were prepared and their chemical structures examined.

关键词： POLYMERIZATION

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Conditional Generative Modeling for Amorphous Multi-Element Materials

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Li, Honglin Liu, Chuhao Guo, Yongfeng Luo, Xiaoshan Chen, Yijie Liu, Guangsheng Li, Yu Wang, Ruoyu Wang, Zhenyu Wu, Jianzhuo Ma, Cheng Xie, Zhuohang Lv, Jian Ding, Yufei Zhang, Huabin Luo, Jian Zhong, Zhicheng Li, Mufan Wang, Yanchao Li, Wan-Lu Key Laboratory of Material Simulation Methods and Software Ministry of Education College of Physics Jilin University Changchun China Aiiso Yufeng Li Family Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering University of California La Jolla San DiegoCA United States Institute of Molecular Engineering Plus College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou China College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing China School of Physics Nankai University Tianjin China Institute of Modern Physics Fudan University Shanghai China Program in Materials Science and Engineering University of California La Jolla San DiegoCA United States School of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research University of Science and Technology of China Suzhou215123 China International Center of Future Science Jilin University Changchun China Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of California La Jolla San DiegoCA United States Center for Renewable Energy and Storage Technologies Physical Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Saudi Arabia Suzhou Lab Suzhou215123 China

Amorphous multi-element materials offer unprecedented tunability in composition and properties, yet their rational design remains challenging due to the lack of predictive structure-property relationships and the vast configurational space. Traditional modeling struggles to capture the intricate short-range order that dictates their stability and functionality. We here introduce ApolloX, a pioneering predictive framework for amorphous multi-element materials, establishing a new paradigm by integrating physics-informed generative modeling with particle swarm optimization, using chemical short-range order as an explicit constraint. By systematically navigating the disordered energy landscape, ApolloX enables the targeted design of thermodynamically stable amorphous configurations. It accurately predicts atomic-scale arrangements, including composition-driven metal clustering and amorphization trends, which are well-validated by experiments, while also guiding synthesis by leveraging sluggish diffusion to control elemental distribution and disorder. The resulting structural evolution, governed by composition, directly impacts catalytic performance, leading to improved activity and stability with increasing amorphization. This predictive-experimental synergy transforms the discovery of amorphous materials, unlocking new frontiers in catalysis, energy storage, and functional disordered systems. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Amorphization

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Magnetically separable silica-chitosan hybrids for efficient phosphate adsorption in aqueous solution

引用

Case Studies in chemical and Environmental engineering 2025年 11卷

作者： Nuryono, Nuryono Sukamto, Sukamto Kunarti, Eko Sri Krisbiantoro, Philip Anggo Wan Abdullah, Wan Nazwanie Kamiya, Yuichi Department of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Gadjah Mada Bulaksumur Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia of Life Science Hokkaido University Kita 10 Nishi 8 Kita-ku Sapporo 060-0810 Japan International Graduate Program of Molecular Science and Technology National Taiwan University No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road Taipei 10617 Taiwan Molecular Science and Technology Program Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica Taipei 11529 Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering College of Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan School of Chemical Science Universiti Sains Malaysia Gelugor Penang 11800 Malaysia Faculty of Environmental Earth Science Hokkaido University Nishi 5 Kita 10 Kita-ku Sapporo 060-0810 Japan

In the present study, magnetic silica-chitosan hybrid (NMP@SiO2/CPTMS/Chi) was synthesized via a convenient and green sol-gel technique under room temperature, and the material was used as a highly efficient magnetic ... 详细信息

In the present study, magnetic silica-chitosan hybrid (NMP@SiO₂/CPTMS/Chi) was synthesized via a convenient and green sol-gel technique under room temperature, and the material was used as a highly efficient magnetic adsorbent for the removal of phosphate ions in water. While the magnetic properties of NMP from iron enable the material to be quickly separated via magnetic separation, the abundant active sites from the chitosan made the hybrid exhibit high adsorption capacity for phosphate ions. At pH 6, the removal of phosphate ions followed the pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetic model with the adsorption rate constant (k₂) of 5.9 × 10^-3 mg g⁻¹ min⁻¹ and obeyed the Langmuir isotherm model with a maximum adsorption capacity (q_max) of 15.06 mg g⁻¹, outperforming most of the previously reported adsorbents. Stability tests and derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) analysis demonstrated that NMP@SiO₂/CPTMS/Chi remained stable even under strongly acidic conditions and possessed high thermal stability, respectively. The synergistic combination of high adsorption capacity, acid stability, thermal stability, and facile magnetic separation renders NMP@SiO₂/CPTMS/Chi a promising adsorbent for wastewater treatment and environmental remediation. Overall, this innovative material represents a significant advancement in phosphate removal, offering a sustainable and effective solution to address the global challenge of water pollution and protect aquatic ecosystems. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Adsorption Chitosan Magnetic material Phosphate Silica Sol-gel

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Single-Molecule Vibrational Characterization of Binding Geometry Effects on Isocyanide-Metal Interactions

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Bi, Liya Wang, Zhe Balto, Krista Tao, Andrea R. Pascal, Tod A. Zhang, Yanning Figueroa, Joshua S. Li, Shaowei Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California La Jolla San DiegoCA92093-0309 United States Program in Materials Science and Engineering University of California La Jolla San DiegoCA92093-0418 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of California IrvineCA92697-4575 United States Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu611731 China Aiiso Yufeng Li Family Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering University of California La Jolla San DiegoCA92093-0448 United States

Isocyanide-metal binding is governed by σ-donation and π-back-bonding, which affects the energy of the isocyanide stretching mode—a characteristic probe for ligand-metal interactions. While extensive correlations exist between structure and spectroscopy in molecular isocyanide-metal systems, isocyanide interactions with metallic crystalline surfaces, where ligands often bind in various geometries, remain poorly understood. Conventional vibrational spectroscopies, such as infrared and Raman, lack the molecular-scale resolution needed to distinguish these inhomogeneous configurations. In contrast, inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy with scanning tunneling microscopy (STM-IETS) enables direct visualization of ligand adsorption geometries and their vibrational signatures. Using STM-IETS, here we investigate an metal-adsorbed m-terphenyl isocyanide ligand and find that adsorption geometry on Cu(100) induces a significant shift in isocyanide stretching frequency, even greater than replacing Cu(100) with Ag(111). Density functional theory confirms this shift arises from atomic-scale variations in isocyanide-metal binding. This study elucidates how atomic-scale binding influences the vibrational signatures of isocyanide ligands—an often-overlooked factor in understanding isocyanide-metal interactions. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Vibrational spectroscopy

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Scaling Up Synthetic Cell Production Using Robotics and Machine Learning Toward Therapeutic Applications

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Advanced Biology 2025年第5期9卷 e2400671页

作者： Sharf-Pauker, Noga Galil, Ido Kfir, Omer Chen, Gal Menachem, Rotem Shklover, Jeny Schroeder, Avi Ackerman, Shanny The Louis Family Laboratory for Targeted Drug Delivery and Personalized Medicine Technologies Department of Chemical Engineering Technion – Israel Institute of Technology Haifa32000 Israel The Norman Seiden Multidisciplinary Program for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Technion – Israel Institute of Technology Haifa32000 Israel Faculty of Computer Science Technion – Israel Institute of Technology Haifa32000 Israel The Interdisciplinary Program for Biotechnology Technion – Israel Institute of Technology Haifa32000 Israel Cell Biology and Cancer Science Rappaport Faculty of Medicine Technion – Israel Institute of Technology Haifa32000 Israel

Synthetic cells (SCs), developed through bottom-up synthetic biology, hold great potential for biomedical applications, with the promise of replacing malfunctioning natural cells and treating diseases with spatiotemporal control. Currently, most SC synthesis and characterization processes are manual, limiting scalability and efficiency. In this study, an automated method is developed for large-scale production of protein-producing SCs for therapeutic applications. The optimized process, compatible with a robotic liquid handling system (LiHa), reduces production time by half. Additionally, incorporation of an automated tissue dissociator-based emulsification increases batch size 30-fold while preserving SC characteristics. To assess SC quality and protein synthesis, artificial intelligence (AI)-based image analysis is employed, allowing for automated, accurate and high-throughput SC characterization. Large-scale luciferase-expressing SCs from a single homogeneous batch are administered to mice, allowing for real-time monitoring of protein expression and reducing experimental variability. By troubleshooting several central steps in SC synthesis, it is demonstrated that automation and computerized quality control can significantly improve the process of SC synthesis for preclinical and clinical applications. © 2025 The Author(s). Advanced Biology published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： AI artificial Intelligence automation machine learning robotics synthetic biology synthetic cells

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Simultaneous extraction of crude polysaccharides, soluble proteins, gingerols, and shogaols from dried ginger by subcritical water extraction

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LWT 2025年 225卷

作者： Sakdasri, Winatta Kaomaneechot, Sunanta Lasim, Sarida Somboon, Pichayada Chotigavin, Natthaporn Wongpromrat, Patthranit Sawangkeaw, Ruengwit Program in Food Process Engineering School of Food Industry King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang 1 Chalong Krung 1 Alley Latkrabang Bangkok10520 Thailand Program in Fermentation Technology School of Food Industry King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang 1 Chalong Krung 1 Alley Latkrabang Bangkok10520 Thailand Program in Food Science and Technology School of Food Industry King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang 1 Chalong Krung 1 Alley Latkrabang Bangkok10520 Thailand Department of Chemical Engineering School of Engineering King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang 1 Chalong Krung 1 Alley Latkrabang Bangkok10520 Thailand Research Unit in Bioconversion/Bioseparation for Value-Added Chemical Production Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Chulalongkorn University 254 Phayathai Road Pathumwan Bangkok10330 Thailand

Subcritical water extraction (SWE) is a remarkable method for the simultaneous extraction of high- and low-polarity bioactive compounds from ginger. This study investigated the effects of temperature, pressure, and extraction time on the crude polysaccharide yield, protein content, total phenolic content (TPC), and amounts of 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol. The pressure was maintained at 30 bars, and the temperature and extraction time were optimized to maximize the polysaccharide yield, protein, TPC, gingerols, and shogaols contents. The rising temperatures (100–160 °C) and extended extraction times (10–50 min) enhanced the yield and TPC but negatively affected protein stability, leading to thermal degradation when the temperature surpassed 180 °C. Specifically, the content of 6-gingerol decreased at high temperatures because of its conversion into 6-shogaol. The optimal extraction conditions were 160 °C for 40 min at 30 bars, resulting in a polysaccharide yield of 8.54 %, protein content of 100.35 mg body surface area/g dry mass, TPC of 18.10 mg Galic acid (GA)/g dry mass, 6-gingerol content of 2.14 mg/g dry mass, and 6-shogaol content of 0.28 mg/g dry mass. Therefore, SWE effectively extracts various polar bioactive compounds from plant materials in a single step. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Ginger polysaccharides Soluble protein Gingerols Shogaol Subcritical water

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Tear Growth Mechanisms in High-Grade Bursal-Sided Partial Thickness Tears in the Rotator Cuff Measured with Full Volume Methods

SSRN

引用

SSRN 2025年

作者： Villacís Núñez, Carla Nathaly Scheven, Ulrich Bedi, Asheesh Arruda, Ellen M. Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Michigan G.G. Brown Laboratory 2350 Hayward St. Ann ArborMI48109 United States Department of Orthopedic Surgery University of Michigan Taubman Health Care Center 2912 1500 E Medical Center Dr. Ann ArborMI48109 United States Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Michigan 1107 Carl A. Gerstacker Building 2200 Bonisteel Blvd Ann ArborMI48109 United States Program of Macromolecular Science and Engineering University of Michigan 1221 Beal Ave Ann ArborMI48109 United States 2464 Stone Rd. Ann ArborMI48105 United States

In this work, we evaluate the mechanical response of rotator cuff tendons with high-grade partial thickness tears through a novel full volume measurement technique. As opposed to traditional strain-measurement methods, which examine surfaces of the tendon or localized two-dimensional regions, we have probed three-dimensional strains including internal locations. Differences between the intact and torn states have been considered. The torn condition depicts sliding between cut/uncut tissue regions, revealing regions of high shear strain concentration at the boundaries of detached/attached tissue portions. At both submaximal and supramaximal force levels, the internal and inferior bands of the tendon show high shear strain magnitudes, which could indicate regions of high risk for tear propagation. Geometrical features which could explain strain distribution differences in their intact and torn conditions are also analyzed. Through the understanding of full volume displacement and strain distributions, our study elucidates why two-dimensional values might not represent the global behavior of the injured tendon, critical components of the Lagrangian strain tensor which have not been probed before, and important implications for surgical repairs. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Tendons

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