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Strategy for the Evaluation and Compatibilization of Particulate Inclusions for Use in Molecular and macromolecular Media

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Journal of macromolecular science, Part A 1995年第8-9期32卷 1621-1639页

作者： Manas-Zloczower, Ica Arellano, Martin Lee, Young-Jin Department of Macromolecular Science Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio 44106 United States Department of Chemical Engineering Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio 44106 United States

The quality of the dispersion of particulate solids in low and high molecular weight media depends on the interfacial forces that govern the wetting and stabilization of the solids. An understanding of these forces enables rational selection of compatible powder-fluid systems, or signals the need to provide some compatibilizers to aid dispersion. In this paper we present a strategy for evaluating particle-fluid interactions based on assessing the stability of solids in a spectrum of low molecular weight fluids. For a coarse evaluation of the dispersibility tendencies, we show how these results can be visualized in terms of a three-dimensional graph in which partial solubility parameters are the coordinates. For a more refined evaluation of dispersibility, we extend the data analysis to two- dimensional dispersibility maps in which donor and acceptor numbers of the fluids are coordinates. To exemplify the approach, experiments using three grades of titanium dioxide particles are presented. The methods are also sensitive enough to quantify the effects of surfactants added to compatibilize the titania particles with polyethylene. © 1995, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved.

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Electrochemical doping of poly(p-phenylene vinylene) thin films

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Journal of macromolecular science, Part A 1995年第5期32.0卷 1049-1060页

作者： Tanaka, Susumu Reynolds, John R. National Institute of Materials and Chemical Research 1-1 Higashi Tsukuba Ibaraki 305 Japan Department of Chemistry Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering University of Florida Gainesville Florida 32611-2046 United States

The electrochemical properties of poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) films, prepared via a water-soluble precursor, were investigated using chronocoulometry. The charging concentrations of 0.2-μm thick PPV films leveled off within 500-600 seconds and was on the order of 1.0 charge per repeat unit when the magnitude of the potential steps from an initial potential of 0.0 V was 0.16 to 0.20 V beyond the anodic oxidative peak potential (E_p). This indicates that PPV can be fully doped and may be a promising material for charge storage. The early stages of redox doping were studied, and the transfer coefficient (a) was estimated to be 0.4-0.9, which increased with an increase in the magnitude of the potential steps beyond E_p. © 1995, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved.

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INFLUENCE OF ION-BOMBARDMENT ON A-SI-H FILMS FABRICATED BY PLASMA chemical-VAPOR-DEPOSITION

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ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONS IN JAPAN PART II-ELECTRONICS 1995年第2期78卷 70-78页

作者： KATO, I YONEDA, T MATSUSHITA, T Member School of Science and Engineering Waseda University Tokyo Japan 169 Nonmembers Torn Matsushita:received his B.E. degree in 1993 from the Department of Electronic and Communications Waseda University where at present he is in the graduate program engaged in research on microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition. He is a member of the Applied Physics Society.

Plasma parameters of Ar/SiH4 plasma were measured as a function of de bias in a double-tubed coaxial line-type microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (CVD) apparatus. The results indicate that it is possible to control the ion bombardment energy without affecting either the gas phase reaction or ion flux density incident to the substrate. Hydrogenated amorphous silicon films were deposited as a function of the ion bombardment energy and characteristics of the deposited films were investigated. The results indicate that the ion bombardment improves film density, bonding characteristics of hydrogen, and optical band gap but increases the concentration of dangling bonds due to Ar ion implantation. The ion bombardment not only causes the heating of the films but also induces sputtering and ion implantation.

关键词： PLASMA CVD A-SI, H DC BIAS VOLTAGE SHEATH VOLTAGE ION BOMBARDMENT

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A H2/O2 Fuel Cell Using Acid Doped Polybenzimidazole as Polymer Electrolyte

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ECS Proceedings Volumes 1995年第1期1995-23卷

作者： J-T. Wang J. Wainright H. Yu M. Litt R. F. Savinell Department of Chemical Engineering Ernest B. Yeager Center for Electrochemical Sciences Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH 44106 Department of Macromolecular Science Ernest B. Yeager Center for Electrochemical Sciences Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH 44106

Phosphoric acid doped polybenzimidazole (PBI-poly[2,2'-(m-phenylene)- 5,5'-bibenzimidazole]) has been investigated for use in a H2/O2 fuel cell. The prototype fuel cell test results show that the PBI fuel cell worked quite well at 150°C with atmospheric pressure hydrogen and oxygen which were humidified at room temperature. No membrane dehydration was observed over 200 hours operating. The maximum power density of this prototype fuel cell was 0.25 W/cm2 at current density of 700 mA/cm2. Further improvement of the cell performance is to be anticipated by properly impregnating the electrode structure with the polymer electrolyte. The advantage of the H2/O2 fuel cell using PBI as polymer electrolyte is that the cell design and the routine maintenance can be significantly simplified because of the low electro-osmotic drag number and good proton conductivity of the PBI membrane at elevated temperature.

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chemical MASS-BALANCE APPROACH TO FIELD-EVALUATION OF BIOREMEDIATION

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ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRESS 1995年第1期14卷 F2-F3页

作者： SIMS, RC SIMS, JL Utah State University Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Utah Water Research Laboratory Logan UT 84322 Professor and Head of the Division of Environmental Engineering at Utah State University. He holds degrees in biology (B.S.) environmental chemistry and biology (M.S.) environmental engineering (M.S.) and biological and agricultural engineering (Ph.D). He has worked as Director of the International Program in Industrial Development Chapel Hill NC as Supervisor of the Environmental Control Laboratory for Mobay Chemical Corporation Charleston SC and as environmental engineer with Research Triangle Institute NC. Dr. Sims currently is involved in teaching research and technology transfer in the area of contaminated soil characterization and remediation. Research Assistant Professor in the Division of Environmental Engineering at Utah State University. She holds degrees in biology (B.S.) environmental chemistry and biology (M.S.) and soil science (M.S.). She has held positions as an Associate in a private consulting firm in Raleigh NC and as Chairperson of the on-site wastewater disposal committee of the State of Utah. Judith Sims is currently involved in teaching research and technology transfer in the area of contaminated soil characterization and remediation.

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Abstract

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Pflügers Archiv 1996年第6期431卷 R322-R356页

作者： L. J. Andries S. U. Sys A. L. Meulemans J. A. J. Schuurkes B. Vanheel J. Van de Voorde P. De Smet J. Li W. Van Driessche B. Flamion S. Foulon M. Abramow P. Calders W. Eechaute E. Lacroix I. Weyne D. Hoeben C. Burvenich P. Fransen D. Van Bedaf M. Demolder R. Ouedraogo P. Lebrun A. Herchuelz M. -H. Antoine S. Vandenput D. Votion N. Anciaux D. H. Duvivier T. Art P. Lekeux Y. Ghafir M. Geurts E. Hermans J. -M. Maloteaux B. Perrad B. Noel F. Lagache J. L. Bister R. Paquay G. Derycke M. A. Vandermeir S. de Brouwer C. -A. Porret N. Stergiopulos J. -J. Meister M. Verbeke N. Lameire N. M. De Clerck J. De Schuytter J. Tytgato G. Buyse J. Eggermont G. Droogmans B. Nilius P. Daenens S. Salomone O. Feron C. Dessy N. Morel T. Godfraind A. M. Aloisi P. Sacerdote L. Lodi G. Carli C. Carobi G. Garinei U. C. Miniaci P. Scotto M. Sabatino P. Sardo L. Iurato V. La Grutta M. A. Bagni G. Cecchi E. Cecchini F. Colomo P. Garzella R. Bottinelli S. D. H. Harridge M. Canepari C. Reggiani Saltin Reggiani D. Bambagioni G. Fanò G, Menchetti P. Danieli-Betto A. Esposito R. Betto A. Megighian M. Midrio D. Danieli Betto C. Orizio D. Liberati C. Locatelli D. De Grandis A. Veicsteinas D. Angoli D. Delia E. Wanke M. Bramucci A. Miano L. Quassinti E. Maccari O. Murri D. Amici G. Cibelli S. Jüngling S. Schoch H. H. Gerdest G. Thiel I. Demori C. Bottazzi A. Voci E. Fugassa A. Barreca F. Minuto G. Gallo S. Fulle S. Belia G. Menchetti M. Cacchio G. Gastaldi U. Laforenza G. Ferrari G. Rindi M. G. Doni E. Padoin O. Residori M. Cesaro L. Toma A. Rubini F Mutinelli L. Paulesu R. Romagnolie M. Cintorino P. Pippia M. A. Meloni L. Sciola A. Spano M. Cogoli-Greuter A. Cogoli A. Sardini G. M. Mintenig M. A. Valverde F. V. Sepùlveda D. R. Gill S. C. Hyde C. F. Higgins P. A. McNaughton A. Spena M. T. Arcuri S. Bonofiglio R. Chimenti C. Covello T. De Cicco S. Mazzulla G. Martino A. Tottene A. Moretti D. Pietrobon M. C. Baccari F. Calamai G. Staderini E. Cova R. Marelli P. Sommi U. Ventura A. M. Lombardi R. Fabris C. Pagano G. Federspil R. Vettor R. Mancinelli P. To Laboratory of Physiology RUCA University of Antwerp Belgium Dept. of Gastroint. Pharmacol. Janssen Research Foundation Beerse Belgium Department of Physiology and Physipathology University of Gent De Pintelaan 185 Gent Belgium Laboratory of Physiology K. U. Leuven Leuven Belgium Laboratory of Pathophysiology University of Bruxelles (ULB) Brussels Belgium Laboratory of Normal and Pathological Physiology University of Gent Belgium Department of Physiology Biochemistry and Biometrics Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Ghent Merelbeke Belgium Laboratory of Physiology University of Antwerp (RUCA) Antwerp Belgium Lab. de Pharmacodynamie et de Thérapeutique Université Libre de Bruxelles Bruxelles Belgique Laboratory for Functional Investigation Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Liége Liège Belgium Laboratory for Functional Investigation Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Liège Liège Belgium Laboratory of Pharmacology Catholic University of Louvain Brussels Laboratoire de Physiologie Animale FUNDP Namur Laboratory of animal Physiology Facultés universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix Namur Belgium Biomedical Engineering Laboratory Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne Switzerland RUCA University of Antwerp Antwerp Belgium Laboratory of Physiology Laboratory of Toxicology University of Leuven Leuven Belgium Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Université Catholique de Louvain Bruxelles Belgium Istituto di Fisiologia Umana Università degli Studi Siena Dipartimento di Farmacologia Università degli Studi di Milano Milano Istituto di Fisiologia Umana Università di Perugia Perugia Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale Università di Reggio Calabria Laboratorio di Fisiologia Umana Catanzaro Istituto di Fisiologia umana Palermo Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiologiche Università di Firenze Firenze Dipartimento Biologia Cellulare e Molecolare (sez. Fisiologia e Biofisica) Università di Perugia Perugia Istituto di Fisiologia Umana Univer

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Thermal stability and crosslinking of hydropolysilanes for use as silicon carbide precursors

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Journal of Polymer Research 1994年第4期1卷 367-374页

作者： Shieh, Yeong-Tarng Sawan, Samuel P. Department of Chemical Engineering National Yunlin Institute of Technology Yunlin Touliu Taiwan Polymer Science and Plastics Engineering Program University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell 01854 MA United States

Thermal stability of [(CH3SiH)30(C6H5SiCH3)70]n a hydropolysilane copolymer, in vacuum and its crosslinking reactions with vinylic silanes as crosslinking agents was evaluated in order to obtain high yields of oxygen-... 详细信息

Thermal stability of [(CH₃SiH)₃₀(C₆H₅SiCH₃)₇₀]_n a hydropolysilane copolymer, in vacuum and its crosslinking reactions with vinylic silanes as crosslinking agents was evaluated in order to obtain high yields of oxygen-free silicon carbide ceramics. It was found that the polymer was thermally stable in vacuum up to 140 °C for 20 hrs based on Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. The crosslinking reactions of the polymer occurred to various extents depending on the type of vinylic silanes used as evidenced by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, thermogravimetry and solubility data. The additions of vinylic silanes to Si-H in the hydropolysilane were found to obey anti-Farmer's rule, despite Farmer's addition of unsaturated hydrocarbons to Si-H. © 1994 Polymer Society.

关键词： Crosslinking Polysilane Pyrolysis Silicon carbide Thermal stability

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FIELD TRAPPING OF SUBSURFACE VAPOR-PHASE PETROLEUM-HYDROCARBONS

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GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION 1994年第1期14卷 110-119页

作者： MOYER, EE OSTENDORF, DW KAMPBELL, DH XIE, YF Ellen E. Moyer (ENSR Consulting and Engineering 35 Nagog Park Acton MA 01720) is a senior environmental engineer at ENSR Consulting and Engineering in Acton Massachusetts. Her research interests include bioremediation air sparging soil venting and analytical modeling of subsurface contamination. Moyer is a registered Professional Engineer with an M.S. in environmental engineering and a Ph.D. in civil engineering from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst and a member of the National Ground Water Association and the American Society of Civil Engineers. David W. Ostendorf (Civil Engineering Department University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003) is an associate professor in the environmental engineering program of the Civil Engineering Department of the University of Massachusetts at Amherst. His research interests include unconfined aquifer contamination hazardous waste site remediation and analytical modeling of problems in environmental fluid mechanics. Ostendorf is a registered Professional Engineer and a member of the American Geophysical Union American Society of Civil Engineers Soil Science Society of America Water Pollution Control Federation and Association of Environmental Engineering Professors as well as the National Ground Water Association. Don H. Kampbell (Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory Ada OK 74820) is a research chemist at the U.S. EPA Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory in Ada Oklahoma. His research interests include gas chromatog- raphy GC/mass spectrometry industrial waste processes soil bioreactor systems aquifer biorestoration and soil gas measurements. Kampbell is a certified Professional Soil Scientist and a registered Professional Engineer as well as a member of the Soil Science Society of America and the American Chemical Society. Yuefeng Xie (Civil Engineering Department University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003) is a postdoctoral research associate in the environmental engineering program of the Civil Engineering Depart

Soil gas samples from intact soil cores were collected on adsorbents at a field site, then thermally desorbed and analyzed by laboratory gas chromatography (GC). Vertical concentration profiles of predominant vapor phase petroleum hydrocarbons under ambient conditions were obtained for the zone directly above the capillary fringe. Water and residual phase weathered aviation gasoline were present in this region of the profile. The sampling, trapping, and GC methodology was effective in most respects. Reproducibility, trapping, and desorption efficiency were generally satisfactory, and different sorbent tubes gave similar results. A minor shortcoming of the method occurred with the most volatile compound, 2,3-dimethylbutane, which was poorly retained during several weeks of storage time and was also poorly desorbed. Vapor phase concentrations of predominant hydrocarbon compounds all increased with depth at one sampling location. At a more highly contaminated location, concentrations of highly volatile compounds increased with depth while concentrations of less volatile compounds remained constant or decreased, possibly indicating distillation effects. Scatter in the data was attributed to heterogeneities in water and residual phase distribution.

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AROMATIC ALIPHATIC POLYENAMINONITRILES

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MACROMOLECULES 1993年第14期26卷 3504-3509页

作者： MOORE, JA MEHTA, PG KIM, SY Department of Chemistry Polymer Science & Engineering Program Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy New York 12180-3590 United States Lucky Chemical Co. 305-343 Chung-Nam Dae-Deog-Danji Dae-Jeon South Korea

Bis-electrophilic aromatic monomers were polymerized with hexamethylenediamine to high molecular weight polyenaminonitriles. All the polymers, except that containing a sulfone group, were soluble in polar, aprotic solvents and possessed film-forming properties. The polymers and their model compounds were characterized by spectroscopic methods. Some of the polymers possessed varying degrees of crystallinity as shown by differential scanning calorimetry. Thermogravimetry also revealed a surprising amount of thermal stability for macromolecules containing aliphatic segments.

关键词： Polymers

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Substrate Influenced Nucleation and Crystallization of LinbO 3 Thin Films Made by Sol-Gel

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MRS Online Proceedings Library 1993年第1期310卷 287-292页

作者： Vikram Joshi Debasis Roy Martha L. Mecartney Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Minnesota Minneapolis USA Materials Science and Engineering Program University of California Irvine USA

Lithium niobate films were deposited on amorphous carbon, silicate glass, (0001) sapphire, and (100) silicon by spin or dip coating double metal ethoxide sols. The crystallinity and microstructure of the deposited films were examined by XRD and ТЕМ. Crystallization behavior and resulting microstructure were strongly influenced by the type of substrate. The formation of crystalline LiNbO3 on amorphous carbon was detected at room temperature. Randomly oriented polycrystalline films were obtained on glass at 400°C. Choice of one mole of water per mole of ethoxide generated heteroepitaxial growth of LiNbO3 thin films on (0001) sapphire. Oriented but polycrystalline films were obtained on silicon. The electrical behavior of film on silicon was evaluated in metal-ferroelectric-semiconductor configuration. A dielectric constant of 35 and a dissipation factor of 0.004 was measured at 100 KHz.

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