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Experimental implementation of an efficient test of quantumness

Physical Review A 2024年第1期109卷 012610-012610页

作者： Laura Lewis Daiwei Zhu Alexandru Gheorghiu Crystal Noel Or Katz Bahaa Harraz Qingfeng Wang Andrew Risinger Lei Feng Debopriyo Biswas Laird Egan Thomas Vidick Marko Cetina Christopher Monroe Institute for Quantum Information and Matter and Department of Computing and Mathematical Sciences California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91125 USA Division of Physics Mathematics and Astronomy California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91125 USA Joint Quantum Institute Departments of Physics and Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 USA Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science NIST/University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 USA IonQ Inc. College Park Maryland 20740 USA Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 USA Institute for Theoretical Studies ETH Zürich Zürich CH 8001 Switzerland Duke Quantum Center and Department of Physics Duke University Durham North Carolina 27708 USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Duke University Durham North Carolina 27708 USA Chemical Physics Program and Institute for Physical Science and Technology University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 USA

A test of quantumness is a protocol where a classical user issues challenges to a quantum device to determine if it exhibits nonclassical behavior, under certain cryptographic assumptions. Recent attempts to implement such tests on current quantum computers rely on either interactive challenges with efficient verification or noninteractive challenges with inefficient (exponential time) verification. In this paper, we execute an efficient noninteractive test of quantumness on an ion-trap quantum computer. Our results significantly exceed the bound for a classical device's success.

关键词： Quantum cryptography Quantum information with trapped ions Quantum protocols Quantum verification

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Power generation in white cement plants from waste heat recovery using steam-organic combined Rankine cycle

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Case Studies in chemical and Environmental engineering 2021年 4卷

作者： Khater, A.M. Soliman, Ahmed Ahmed, Tamer S. Ismail, Ibrahim M. Chemical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering and Technology Badr University in cairo (BUC) Cairo Egypt Chemical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Cairo University Giza 12613 Egypt Environmental Engineering Program Zewail City of Science and Technology 6th of October City Giza 12578 Egypt

Cement is one of the highly energy-intensive industries. Producing one ton of cement consumes 3-4-GJ which represent about 40% of the variable costs of cement production. Moreover, fuel cost represents 26–34% of production costs. Increasing energy efficiency is essential in the cement industry, especially in the white cement production. The thermal energy consumption of the white cement production process is twice the average thermal consumption of grey cement manufacture. Improving energy efficiency in the cement industry reduces CO₂ emissions in addition to reducing production costs. This study considered the recovery of waste heat in a white cement plant to improve its energy efficiency. The conventional power generation cycles, i.e., steam Rankine cycle, organic Rankine cycle were studied as well as steam-organic combined Rankine cycle. Six different schemes were proposed for the different Rankine cycle systems. A comparative study was made to determine the optimum type of Rankine cycle, scheme, working fluid, and operating conditions based on both thermodynamic and economic evaluation. This research provides a general methodology to evaluate working fluids of different organic Rankine cycle systems to recover high-temperature waste heat. Isopentane and its different isomers -n-pentane, cyclopentane, spiropentane and neopentane-were selected as working fluids. Spiropentane produced the highest net power “4483 kWh” and the highest thermal efficiency “41.69%”. Although spiropentane achieved the best performance, cyclopentane is recommended to be used as a working fluid due to its availability and relatively cheap price. It requires the lowest capital cost among the other working fluids. Moreover, it has achieved an irreversibility rate lower than spiropentane and its thermal efficiency is lower than spiropentane by only 1.6%. Steam-organic combined Rankine cycle is the best choice for recovering high-temperature waste heat. it can generate larger amount

关键词： Cascade Rankine cycle Energy efficiency Organic Rankine cycle Waste heat recovery White cement industry

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Pioneering bone regeneration: A review of cutting-edge scaffolds in tissue engineering

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Bioprinting 2024年 43卷

作者： Alex, Y. Vincent, Sumi Divakaran, Nidhin Uthappa, U.T. Srinivasan, Parthasarathy Mubarak, Suhail Al-Harthi, Mamdouh Ahmed Dhamodharan, Duraisami School for Advanced Research in Petrochemicals: Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials (LARPM) Central Institute of Petrochemicals Engineering and Technology (CIPET) Bhubaneswar 751024 India Mechanical Engineering Program Physical Sciences and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia Mechanics of Composites for Energy and Mobility Laboratory King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518055 China Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Amrita School of Engineering Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Tamil Nadu Chennai 601103 India Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences University of Sharjah Sharjah 27272 United Arab Emirates Interdisciplinary Research Center for Refining and Advanced Chemicals King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Dhahran 31261 Saudi Arabia Department of Chemical Engineering King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Dhahran Saudi Arabia

Bone tissue engineering (BTE) is aims to develop advanced strategies to regenerate damaged or diseased bone, through the integration of principles from cellular biology, biomaterials science, and engineering. The vital aspect of these studies includes the design and fabrication of scaffolds that support cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, ultimately promoting the formation of new bone tissue. Recent developments in scaffold materials have focused on organic, inorganic, and composite biomaterials. Each of these showcasing unique and distinct advantages in terms of biocompatibility, biodegradability, and mechanical strength. Polymers, such as poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), provide flexibility and degradation profiles, which are conducive to tissue integration. While ceramics, including hydroxyapatite (HA) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), offer mechanical properties similar to native bone. The fusion of organic and inorganic components in composites has yielded scaffolds with enhanced functionality, such as improved osteo-conductivity and controlled degradation rates. Advanced fabrication techniques, particularly electrospinning and 3D printing, have revolutionized scaffold design by enabling precise control over pore size, porosity, and surface architecture, critical parameters for mimicking the extracellular matrix (ECM) of bone. These structural characteristics directly influence cellular behaviors such as migration, proliferation, and differentiation, which are crucial for successful bone regeneration. This review critically evaluates the recent advances in biomaterials for scaffold fabrication, with a focus on optimizing the interplay between material properties and scaffold architecture to improve therapeutic outcomes in bone regeneration. The findings underscore the importance of material selection and scaffold design in BTE and provide actionable insights for both researchers and clinicians in the development of next-generation scaffol

关键词： Biomaterials Bone scaffold design Ideal scaffold Polymer Scaffold Tissue engineering

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First documented evidence of mesoplastic pollution in the Philippines: The case of the sandy beaches in Iligan City

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Regional Studies in Marine science 2024年 75卷

作者： Bacosa, Hernando P. Perpetua, Zy D. Aron, Jemwel B. Bondaug, John Christian S. Cui, Vincent T. Imperial, John Earl Monera, Caryl Mae M. Villariaz, Jay-ar Gabriel, Aiza D. Mayol, Andres Philip Shiu, Ruei-Feng Environmental Science Graduate Program Department of Biological Sciences College of Science and Mathematics Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology Iligan 9200 Philippines Chemical Engineering Department University of San Agustin Iloilo 5000 Philippines Mindanao State University- Main Campus Sindangan Extension Zamboanga del Norte Sindangan 7100 Philippines Department of Chemical Engineering Mindanao State University-Main Campus Lanao del Sur Marawi 9700 Philippines Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences College of Arts and Sciences North Eastern Mindanao State University-Tandag Campus Surigao del Sur Tandag 8300 Philippines Department of Manufacturing Engineering and Management Gokongwei College of Engineering De La Salle University Manila Taft Avenue 2401 Philippines Institute of Marine Environment and Ecology National Taiwan Ocean University Keelung 202301 Taiwan Center of Excellence for the Oceans National Taiwan Ocean University Keelung 202301 Taiwan

The problem of marine plastic pollution is multifaceted and a substantial threat to the environment and human well-being. Despite being a leading marine plastic contributor in the world, the prevalence of mesoplastics in the Philippines is yet to be ascertained. The study aimed to quantify and characterize the mesoplastics on the 10 sandy beaches (inside and outside the city center) of Iligan City, Philippines. Samples were extracted, quantified, and characterized based on their morphology and chemical composition. A total of 166 mesoplastics were collected from the ten sampling sites. Fragment mesoplastics accounted for 66.9 % of the plastic debris found across all sites, with sizes in the range of 21–25 mm (31.3 %), and white/transparent (31.1 %) being predominant. Attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared (ATR–FTIR) spectroscopy identified polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, and polypropylene as the dominant mesoplastic polymer. We also found that mesoplastics were significantly more abundant on beaches within the city center (39.67 ± 3.11 items/m²) than on beaches away from the city center (13.02 ± 1.80 items/m²). This study provides a useful baseline of information on mesoplastic distributions in densely populated urban areas. Our results suggest that there is a pressing need to strengthen existing policies on solid waste management and develop new strategies to mitigate plastic pollution. Addressing this issue is of utmost importance considering the potentially harmful effects of mesoplastics on marine organisms and ecosystems. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on mesoplastic pollution in the Philippines. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Beach litter City center Coastal barangay Marine plastic litter Plastic pollution

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Effect of polyvinylidene fluoride concentration in PVDF-TiO₂-PVP composite membranes properties and its performance in bovine serum albumin rejection

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Case Studies in chemical and Environmental engineering 2024年 9卷

作者： Gayatri, Rianyza Fizal, Ahmad Noor Syimir Yuliwati, Erna Zailani, Muhamad Zulhilmi Jaafar, Juhana Hossain, Md Sohrab Zulkifli, Muzafar Taweepreda, Wirach Ahmad Yahaya, Ahmad Naim Polymer Science Program Division of Physical Science Faculty of Science Prince of Songkla University Hat-Yai Songkhla 90110 Thailand Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology Alor Gajah Melaka 78000 Malaysia Centre for Sustainability of Ecosystem & Earth Resources (Pusat ALAM) Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuh Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob Pahang Gambang 26300 Malaysia Program Study of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Muhammadiyah Palembang Jalan A.Yani 13 Ulu Kota Palembang 30263 Indonesia Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC) Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Skudai 81310 Malaysia HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research Institute of Self-Sustainable Building Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Perak Darul Ridzuan Seri Iskandar 32610 Malaysia Green Chemistry and Sustainability Cluster Universiti Kuala Lumpur Branch Campus Malaysian Institute of Chemical and BioEngineering Technology Alor Gajah Melaka 78000 Malaysia

In the present study, the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) was incorporated with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles to prepare PVDF-TiO2-PVP composite membrane for Bovine Serum Albumin ... 详细信息

In the present study, the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) was incorporated with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles to prepare PVDF-TiO₂-PVP composite membrane for Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) rejection from protein contaminated wastewater. The preparation of PVDF-TiO₂-PVP composite membrane was conducted by a non-solvent phase inversion (NIPS) process with varying PVDF weight percentages ranging from 16 to 19 wt%. The polymer concentration plays a critical role in the formation of composite membranes that is commonly overlooked. The primary goal of this study is to examine how the concentration of polymers affects the process of membrane creation, the ensuing structure, and the properties of these membranes. Presently, there is a restricted comprehension concerning the impact of PVDF polymer concentration in the fabrication of membranes using the NIPS approach, particularly for PVDF-TiO₂-PVP composite membranes. FE-SEM analysis revealed the lowest skin layer thickness and the number of macro-void formations in a PVDF composite membrane were at 16 wt% PVDF, compared to composite membranes over higher PVDF concentrations from 17 to 19 wt%. There were only slight variations in the percentages of individual elements across all PVDF-TiO₂-PVP membranes, yet the values were identical for C, O, F, and Ti. The viscosity was lowest at 16 wt percent PVDF (576.5 MPa s) and greatest at 19 wt percent PVDF (2054.3 MPa s). It showed that 19%wt PVDF viscosity increased fourfold higher than 16%wt. As the concentration of PVDF was increased, a related decrease in the surface porosity of the membrane was observed. The highest hydrophobicity with the contact angle of 79.62° of the composite membranes were detected at 19 wt% of PVDF loading. The maximum water flux (265.43 L/m²h) and BSA flux (250.31 L/m²h) were obtained at 19 wt% of PVDF loading. The lowest PVDF concentration of 16

关键词： Bovine serum albumin rejection Composite membrane Flat sheet Membrane separation Polymeric composite

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Reshaped Weyl fermionic dispersions driven by Coulomb interactions in MoTe2

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Physical Review B 2022年第4期105卷 045143-045143页

作者： Seoung-Hun Kang Sangjun Jeon Hyun-Jung Kim Wonhee Ko Suyeon Cho Se Hwang Kang Sung Wng Kim Heejun Yang Hyo Won Kim Young-Woo Son Korea Institute for Advanced Study Seoul 02455 Korea Department of Physics Chung-Ang University Seoul 06974 Korea Peter Grünberg Institut and Institute for Advanced Simulation Forschungszentrum Jülich and JARA D-52425 Jülich Germany Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology Suwon 16678 Korea Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831 USA Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Korea Department of Energy Science Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 Korea Department of Physics Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Daejeon 34141 Korea

We report the direct evidence of impacts of the Coulomb interaction in a prototypical Weyl semimetal, MoTe2, that alter its bare bands in a wide range of energy and momentum. Our quasiparticle interference patterns measured using scanning tunneling microscopy are shown to match the joint density of states of quasiparticle energy bands including momentum-dependent self-energy corrections, while electronic energy bands based on the other simpler local approximations of the Coulomb interaction fail to explain neither the correct number of quasiparticle pockets nor the shape of their dispersions observed in our spectrum. With this, we predict a transition between type-I and type-II Weyl fermions with doping and resolve its disparate quantum oscillation experiments, thus highlighting the critical roles of Coulomb interactions in layered Weyl semimetals.

关键词： Electronic structure First-principles calculations Quasiparticles & collective excitations Topological materials Weyl fermions Scanning electron microscopy Scanning tunneling spectroscopy

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Assessment of factors influencing Indonesian residents’ intention to use a deposit–refund scheme for PET bottle waste

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Circular Economy 2023年第4期2卷

作者： Amirudin, Akhmad Inoue, Chihiro Grause, Guido International Environmental Leadership Program Environmental Studies for Advance Society Department Graduate School of Environmental Studies Tohoku University Aramaki Aza Aoba 6-6-20 Aoba-ku Sendai980-8579 Japan Department of Public Administration Faculty of Administrative Science Brawijaya University Malang65145 Indonesia School of Chemical Engineering University of Birmingham Edgbaston BirminghamB15 2TT United Kingdom

The collection rate is a difficult and important issue in the management of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottle waste, as it is related to the behavior of the community to participate and comply with the system established by the government. One system that has been shown to increase the collection rate of PET bottle waste is the deposit–refund scheme (DRS). We tested residents’ intention to participate in the DRS using the theory of planned behavior and complemented it with several important variables that could influence the model. The method used is partial least square-structural equation modeling. The result of the study is that all the variables studied were positively influenced according to their respective paths. Nevertheless, environmental awareness is the latent variable with the strongest positive effect on attitude, and attitude has the strongest positive effect on intention. Public information is the latent variable that positively influences all variables related to intention. The proposed model can be applied globally to identify factors that influence recycling participation, particularly for DRS, and help achieve sustainable development goals while initiating a circular economy by recycling plastic bottle waste. © 2023 The Author(s)

关键词： Developing countries

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Recent advances in blood rheology: A review

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Beris, Antony N. Horner, Jeffrey S. Jariwala, Soham Armstrong, Mathew J. Wagner, Norman J. Center for Research in Soft Matter and Polymers Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Delaware NewarkDE19716 United States Department of Chemistry and Life Science Chemical Engineering Program United States Military Academy West PointNY10996 United States

Due to the potential impact on the diagnosis and treatment of various cardiovascular diseases, work on the rheology of blood has significantly expanded in the last decade, both experimentally and theoretically. Experimentally, blood has been confirmed to demonstrate a variety of non-Newtonian rheological characteristics, including pseudoplasticity, viscoelasticity, and thixotropy. New rheological experiments and the development of more controlled experimental protocols on more extensive, broadly physiologically characterized, human blood samples demonstrate the sensitivity of aspects of hemorheology to several physiological factors. For example, at high shear rates the red blood cells elastically deform, imparting viscoelasticity, while and at low shear rates, they form "rouleaux" structures that impart additional, thixotropic behavior. In addition to the advances in experimental methods and validated data sets, significant advances have also been made in both microscopic simulations and macroscopic, continuum, modeling, as well as novel, multiscale approaches. We outline and evaluate the most promising of these recent developments. Although we primarily focus on human blood rheology, we also discuss recent observations on variations observed across some animal species that provide some indication on evolutionary effects. © 2021, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Viscoelasticity

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Unavoidable emergent biaxiality in chiral molecular-colloidal hybrid liquid crystals

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Wu, Jin-Sheng Lázaro, Marina Torres Ghosh, Souvik Mundoor, Haridas Wensink, Henricus H. Smalyukh, Ivan I. Department of Physics and Chemical Physics Program University of Colorado BoulderCO United States Laboratoire de Physique des Solides UMR 8502 Université Paris-Saclay CNRS Orsay91405 France International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter Hiroshima University Higashihiroshima Japan Department of Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering Materials Science and Engineering Program and Soft Materials Research Center University of Colorado BoulderCO United States Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute National Renewable Energy Laboratory University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States

Chiral nematic or cholesteric liquid crystals (LCs) are chiral mesophases with long-ranged orientational order featuring a quasi-layered periodicity imparted by a helical director configuration but lacking positional order. Doping molecular cholesteric LCs with thin colloidal rods with a large length-to-width ratio or disks with a large diameter-to-thickness ratio adds another level of complexity to the system because of the interplay between weak surface anchoring boundary conditions and bulk-based elastic distortions around the particle-LC interface. By using colloidal disks and rods with different geometric shapes and boundary conditions, we demonstrate that these anisotropic colloidal inclusions exhibit biaxial orientational probability distributions, where they have tendencies to orient with the long rod axes and disk normals perpendicular to the helix axis, thus imparting strong local biaxiality on the hybrid cholesteric LC structure. Unlike the situation in non-chiral hybrid molecular-colloidal LCs, where biaxial order emerges only at modest to high volume fractions of the anisotropic colloidal particles, above a uniaxial-biaxial transition concentration, the orientational probability distribution of colloidal inclusions immersed in chiral nematic hosts are unavoidably biaxial even at vanishingly low particle volume fractions. In addition, the colloidal inclusions induce local biaxiality in the molecular orientational order of the LC host medium, which enhances the weak biaxiality of the LC in a chiral nematic phase coming from the symmetry breaking caused by the presence of the helical axis. With the help of analytical modeling and computer simulations based on minimizing the Landau de Gennes free energy of the host LC around the colloidal inclusions, we explain our experimental findings and conclude that the biaxial order of chiral molecular-colloidal LCs is strongly enhanced as compared to both achiral molecular-colloidal LCs and molecular cholesteric LCs

关键词： Probability distributions

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Investigation of Cyanobacteria-Hosted Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Cyanohab-Impacted Drinking Water Sources

SSRN

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Volk, Abigail Mills, Molly Chae, Soryong Lee, Jiyoung Division of Environmental Health Sciences College of Public Health The Ohio State University ColumbusOH United States Environmental Sciences Graduate Program The Ohio State University ColumbusOH United States Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering University of Cincinnati CincinnatiOH United States Department of Food Science and Technology The Ohio State University ColumbusOH United States Infectious Diseases Institute The Ohio State University ColumbusOH United States

Freshwater cyanobacterial blooms (cyanoHABs) produce cyanotoxins that cause human and animal illness. cyanoHABs are also hypothesized to play a role in the antibiotic resistome, but whether Cyanobacteria host clinically-relevant antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) in the environment is largely unknown. To investigate this emerging issue, we looked for the presence of Cyanobacteria-hosted ARGs using shotgun metagenomic sequencing of drinking water source samples collected during the 2022 bloom season from Lake Erie and Grand Lake St. Marys (GLSM). . ARGs were annotated using DeepARG and Resistance Gene Identifier (RGI). Cyanobacteria were annotated to host genes conferring possible antibiotic resistance. Two of these genes were rpoB2 and arlR, but these genes were likely spurious hits on housekeeping genes. qac and OXA genes were also annotated. While those hits suggest potential resistance to clinical antibiotics, overall Cyanobacteria did not host appreciable clinically-relevant ARGs. Because the two drinking water sources historically have high cyanotoxin concentrations, selected cyanotoxins, Cyanobacteria, and ARGs were chosen for quantification. We found high levels of Microcystis in Lake Erie and Planktothrix in GLSM, and high microcystin concentrations in GLSM, supporting previous trends in these water bodies. This study takes a novel approach pairing the issues of cyanoHABs and ARGs together in two drinking water sources. In a changing climate, drinking water treatment strategies should consider the treatment and public health implications of multiple contaminants. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Lakes

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