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arXiv 2023年

作者： Pogharian, Nicholas dos Santos, Alexandre P. Ehlen, Ali de la Cruz, Monica Olvera Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Instituto de Física Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul RS Porto Alegre91501-970 Brazil Applied Physics Program Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Department of Chemistry Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States

Dielectric interfaces are crucial to the behavior of charged membranes, from graphene to synthetic and biological lipid bilayers. Understanding electrolyte behavior near these interfaces remains a challenge, especially in the case of rough dielectric surfaces. A lack of analytical solutions consigns this problem to numerical treatments. We report an analytic method for determining electrostatic potentials near curved dielectric membranes in a two-dimensional periodic’slab’ geometry using a periodic summation of Green’s functions. This method is amenable to simulating arbitrary groups of charges near surfaces with two-dimensional deformations. We concentrate on one-dimensional undulations. We show that increasing membrane undulation increases the asymmetry of interfacial charge distributions due to preferential ionic repulsion from troughs. In the limit of thick membranes we recover results mimicking those for electrolytes near a single interface. Our work demonstrates that rough surfaces generate charge patterns in electrolytes of charged molecules or mixed-valence ions. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Electrolytes

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Unraveling the bioenergy production and electron transport characteristics of processed Rheum palmatum L. for antiviral drug development

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Industrial Crops and Products 2023年第1期195卷

作者： Tsai, Po-Wei Hsieh, Cheng-Yang Ting, Jasmine U. Rogio, Kristian Gil G. Lee, Chia-Jung De Castro-Cruz, Kathlia A. Ciou, Yi-Ru Lien, Tzu-Kuan Yang, Ling-Ling Hsueh, Chung-Chuan Chen, Bor-Yann Department of Medical Science Industries College of Health Sciences Chang Jung Christian University Tainan711 Taiwan Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine College of Pharmacy Taipei Medical University Taipei110 Taiwan Department of Chemistry College of Science De La Salle University Metro Manila1004 Philippines School of Chemical Biological and Materials Engineering and Sciences Mapúa University Metro Manila1002 Philippines Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy College of Pharmacy Taipei Medical University Taipei110 Taiwan Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center Taipei Medical University Hospital Taipei110 Taiwan Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering National I-Lan University I-Lan260 Taiwan American College of Acupuncture & Oriental Medicine HoustonTX77063 United States

To bridge western and traditional Chinese medicine, research in Chinese medicinal herbs has become an increasing trend for discovering new effective antiviral drugs. In addition, this pioneer study disclosed that synergistic interactions of electron-mediating contents in herbal medicines through electrochemical catalysis of electron shuttles could trigger effective disease treatment via electron transport stimulation as the platform of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) indicated. Hence, this study first attempted to decipher the bioenergy-assisted action of R. palmatum L. for antiviral assessment. Several processing methods can be performed to maximize phytoconstituent extraction and efficiency that can influence the chemical profile and bioactivity of herbal samples. To generate a comparative analysis, R. palmatum L. roots are subjected to several processing methods and are evaluated through phytochemical screening, antioxidant activity, high-performance liquid chromatography analysis, and dual-chambered-MFCs for bioenergy production. Molecular docking analysis of marker substances was also employed to establish the potential of R. palmatum L. for antiviral drug development. Ethanol extracts are revealed to be toxic for MFCs despite having increased phenolic compounds. Overall, vinegar-processed Rheum palmatum water extracts exhibited the highest bioenergy-stimulating capabilities and antioxidant activity. Furthermore, rhein from the same extract was found to exhibit strong binding affinities towards Flaviviridate viruses and can potentially inhibit NS5B polymerase from the Hepatitis C Virus. This study clearly suggests the potential of R. palmatum L. roots as a promising herb for antiviral drug development. This work also provided a novel protocol for prescreening candidate species for antiviral drug development. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Extraction

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Investigation of Cyanobacteria-Hosted Antibiotic Resistance in Drinking Water Sources from a Public Health Perspective

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Volk, Abigail Mills, Molly Chae, Soryong Lee, Jiyoung Division of Environmental Health Sciences College of Public Health The Ohio State University ColumbusOH United States Environmental Sciences Graduate Program The Ohio State University ColumbusOH United States Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering University of Cincinnati CincinnatiOH United States Department of Food Science & Technology The Ohio State University ColumbusOH United States Infectious Diseases Institute The Ohio State University ColumbusOH United States

Cyanobacterial blooms are intensifying worldwide due to eutrophication and climate change. While traditionally, the focus has been on cyanotoxins, recent studies suggest a potential link between cyanobacteria and antibiotic resistance (AR), including hosting AR genes (ARGs) or promoting gene transfer. However, the role of cyanobacteria as ARG hosts and their contribution to environmental AR in drinking water sources remains largely unexplored. In this study, we examined cyanobacteria as ARG hosts within the broader microbiome context. Samples of drinking water sources were collected from Lake Erie and Grand Lake St. Marys (GLSM) between May and October 2022, both sites afflicted historically by blooms. Cyanobacterial genes and ARGs were quantified with DropletDigital™ PCR (ddPCR), while microcystin concentrations were quantified with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Shotgun metagenomic sequencing was employed to analyze the microbiome, with ARGs annotated using DeepARG and Resistance Gene Identifier. Although the alpha diversity and composition of the microbial communities were similar at both locations, the ddPCR and sequencing revealed elevated levels of Microcystis in Lake Erie and Planktothrix in GLSM. The ELISA results showed high microcystin concentrations in GLSM. Cyanobacteria were identified as potential hosts for ARGs, including genes such as rpoB2 and arlR. However, upon further examination, these genes are likely annotated on housekeeping genes and are considered false positives spurious hits. In addition, qac and OXA genes were also annotated, consistent with previous findings on NCBI BLAST in Cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not appear to be significant contributors to the resistome in these contexts, they may confer some antibiotic resistance. This study underscores the importance of continued monitoring of cyanobacteria within the broader microbiome and resistome, especially in drinking water sources with high contamination levels.

关键词： Lakes

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A route to hierarchical assembly of colloidal diamond

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Zhou, Yuan Cersonsky, Rose K. Glotzer, Sharon C. Department of Chemical Engineering University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Laboratory of Computational Science and Modelling STI Ècole Polytechnique Fèdèrale de Lausanne Lausanne1015 Switzerland Biointerfaces Institute University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States

Photonic crystals, appealing for their ability to control light, are constructed by periodic regions of different dielectric constants. Yet, the structural holy grail in photonic materials, diamond, remains challenging to synthesize at the colloidal length scale. Here we explore new ways to assemble diamond using modified gyrobifastigial (mGBF) nanoparticles, a shape that resembles two anti-aligned triangular prisms. We investigate the parameter space that leads to the self-assembly of diamond, and we compare the likelihood of defects in diamond self-assembled via mGBF vs. the nanoparticle shape that is the current focus for assembling diamond, the truncated tetrahedra. We introduce a potential route for realizing mGBF particles by dimerizing triangular prisms using attractive patches, and we report the impact of this superstructure on the photonic properties. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Diamonds

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Hyperbolic phonon-polariton electroluminescence in graphene-hBN van der Waals heterostructures

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Guo, Qiushi Esin, Iliya Li, Cheng Chen, Chen Liu, Song Edgar, James H. Zhou, Selina Demler, Eugene Refael, Gil Xia, Fengnian Department of Electrical Engineering Yale University New Haven06511 United States Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research Center City University of New York NY United States Physics Program Graduate Center City University of New York New YorkNY United States Department of Physics Institute for Quantum Information and Matter California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA91125 United States Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering Kansas State University ManhattanKS66506 United States Department of Electrical Engineering California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA91125 United States Institute for Theoretical Physics ETH Zurich Zürich Switzerland

Phonon-polaritons are electromagnetic waves resulting from the coherent coupling of photons with optical phonons in polar dielectrics. Due to their exceptional ability to confine electric fields to deep subwavelength scales with low loss, they are uniquely poised to enable a suite of applications beyond the reach of conventional photonics, such as sub-diffraction imaging and near-field energy transfer. The conventional approach to exciting phonon-polaritons through optical methods, however, necessitates costly mid-infrared and terahertz coherent light sources along with near-field scanning probes, and generally leads to low excitation efficiency due to the substantial momentum mismatch between phonon-polaritons and free-space photons. Here, we demonstrate that under proper conditions, phonon-polaritons can be excited all-electrically by flowing charge carriers. Specifically, in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN)/graphene heterostructures, by electrically driving charge carriers in ultra-high-mobility graphene out of equilibrium, we observe bright electroluminescence of hBN’s hyperbolic phonon-polaritons (HPhPs) at mid-IR frequencies. The HPhP electroluminescence shows a temperature and carrier density dependence distinct from black-body or super-Planckian thermal emission. Moreover, the carrier density dependence of HPhP electroluminescence spectra reveals that HPhP electroluminescence can arise from both inter-band transition and intra-band Cherenkov radiation of charge carriers in graphene. The HPhP electroluminescence offers fundamentally new avenues for realizing electrically-pumped, tunable mid-IR and THz phonon-polariton lasers, and efficient cooling of electronic devices. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Photons

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Initial Analysis of Plastic Debris Accumulation in the Estuary of Wonorejo River, Surabaya, Indonesia 6

Initial Analysis of Plastic Debris Accumulation in the Estua...

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6th Environmental Technology and Management Conference, ETMC 2019

作者： Kurniawan, Setyo Budi Imron, Muhammad Fauzul Department of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Bangi Selangor43600 Malaysia Department of Environmental Engineering Faculty of Civil Environmental and Geo Engineering Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Kampus ITS Keputih Sukolilo Surabaya60111 Indonesia Study Program of Environmental Engineering Department of Biology Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Airlangga Kampus C UNAIR Jalan Mulyorejo Surabaya60115 Indonesia

The purpose of this research was to investigate the accumulation of plastic debris in the Wonorejo River Estuary, Surabaya, Indonesia. Visible plastic debris were collected from three (3) sampling points along the intertidal area of Wonorejo River Estuary. The correlation between sampling points (SPs) and the amount of the collected plastic debris (CPD) was analysed using one-way ANOVA. Result of one-way ANOVA showed that the sampling point was significantly affect the amount of the collected plastic debris (p2 from SP1, 375.97±16.72 g dry weight/m2 from SP2, and 291.13±36.28 g dry weight/m2 from SP3. The highest percentage of collected debris item was plastic bags (up to 57.90%), followed by bottle caps (up to 16.65%). The most identified plastic types were Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) (up to 73.13%), followed by Polypropylene (PP) (up to 17.22%). Understanding the accumulation of plastic debris in estuary is a fundamental requirement to conduct an advance research related to the marine plastic pollution and to determine further actions to solve this problem. © 2020 The Authors, published by EDP sciences.

关键词： Analysis of variance (ANOVA)

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Electric Field Emission in GdNiO3 Microflower

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Karmakar, Subrata Parey, Vanshree Mistari, Chetan D. Hamid, Md Abdul Emu, Injamamul Hoque Halim, Md Abdul Sanyal, Gopal Chakraborty, Brahmananda More, M.A. Droopad, Ravi Haque, Ariful Electrical Engineering Ingram School of Engineering Texas State University San MarcosTX78666 United States Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Av. Països Catalans 16 Tarragona43007 Spain Department of Physics Savitribai Phule Pune University Maharashtra Pune411007 India Mechanical Metallurgy Division Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Trombay Mumbai400085 India High Pressure and Synchrotron Radiation Physics Division Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Trombay Mumbai400085 India Homi Bhabha National Institute Anushaktinagar Mumbai400094 India Materials Science Engineering & Commercialization Program Texas State University San MarcosTX78666 United States

GdNiO3 microflowers were synthesized by hydrothermal method with unit sizes of about 2.2-3.5 μm and petal sizes of ~75-100 nm. The X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) and Raman spectra reveal an orthorhombic crystal structure with the space group Pbnm and various Raman active vibrational modes i.e., Ag, B1g, B2g associated with rare earth nickelates. The total density of states (TDOS) was calculated by density functional theory (DFT) study using a hybrid functional (HSE06) and the volume of TDOS near the Fermi level confirms the semiconducting nature of GdNiO3 with band gap ~0.688 eV. The local bulk work function (φ) was estimated theoretically at ~5.35 eV from DFT calculations which is one of the essential parameters for the field enhancement factor (β). Field emission current density (J) vs. applied electric field (E) divulges a low turn-on field (Eto)~4.6 V/μm@1 μA/cm2 and a threshold field (Eth)~5.2 V/μm@10 μA/cm2 respectively. The Fowler-Nordheim (F-N) model was introduced to calculate β ~1637 and long-term field emission current stability was observed experimentally > 4 h at the preset values of current 2 μA and 10 μA, respectively. The easy preparedness, low turn-on field, and long-term current stability without significant decay suggest this material to be an efficient electron field emitting material in the rare-earth nickelates series. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Rare earths

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Pedestrian ways arrangement to support the green campus idea: Lesson from UNDIP Tembalang campus 5

Pedestrian ways arrangement to support the green campus idea...

引用

5th International Conference on Energy, Environmental and Information System, ICENIS 2020

作者： Adi Prasetya, Nararya Purwanto, P. Maryono, Maryono Master Program of Environmental Science School of Postgraduate Studies Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia Department of Urban and Regional Planning Faculty Engineering Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia Centre for Green Infrastructure Resilience and Development School of Postgraduate Diponegoro University Indonesia

Providing more space for non-motorized transportation will change the orientation of how people use the road. The first step of changing the orientation of city development which is car-oriented to people-oriented is how to look at the overall existing road users. Accessibility is the basic part of how an area develops, including on a university development. UI Greenmetric as a parameter of university achieving how it can be called a green campus. Not only designing a good campus, but the 'sustainable' policy also cannot be separated from creating a comfortable environment. The current condition of Diponegoro University's open green space reaches less than 60%, while Undip Tembalang already has a pedestrian lane, but is not utilized properly. The research method uses descriptive analysis of the literature articles on how important the pedestrian path that has been done at other universities. The results show that improving and changing the road design effect. Relating to the comfort of people walk affects how the pedestrian path had used. The official regulations from the university also have an impact on reducing the use of motorized vehicles. Improving accessibility for students to use public transportation and non-motorized transportation could reduce emissions in the campus's environment. © The Authors, published by EDP sciences, 2020.

关键词： Urban growth

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Carbon Nanodots Synthesized from Used Tobacco Molasses as Promising Selective Probes for Fe (III) Ion Sensing

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Sawalha, Shadi Assali, Mohyeddin Yaseen, Amal Ataya, Aya Refai, Leena Hamed, Rinad Misia, Giuseppe Collavini, Silvia Silvestri, Alessandro Chemical Engineering Program Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology An-Najah National University P.O. BOX 7 Nablus Palestine Department of Pharmacy Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences An-Najah National University P.O.BOX 7 Nablus Palestine Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science An-Najah National University P.O. BOX 7 Nablus Palestine Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences INSTM UdR Trieste University of Trieste Via Licio Giorgieri 1 Trieste34127 Italy Donostia-San Sebastián20014 Spain Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems Ca' Foscari University of Venice Venezia30170 Italy

Carbon nanodots (CNDs) as an emerging and new class of nanomaterials have been widely used as sensing probes for metal cations based on fluorescence quenching. Several precursors have been utilized as starting materials for the synthesis of CNDs, either natural, artificial, or waste materials. Herein, we present a new precursor and cost-effective method to synthesize CNDs aligning with circular economy and green chemistry principles. Two classes of CNDs were obtained, starting from used (smoked) tobacco molasses, through two processes. First, extraction was directly carried out on molasses residue to isolate one class of CNDs, i.e. D-CNDs;then the residual solid was treated by chemical oxidation, yielding a different population of CNDs, named O-CNDs. Synthesized CNDs exhibited different properties in terms of size, functional groups, and optical properties. These features lead to different sensing abilities toward Fe3+ cation. O-CNDs showed better results in terms of sensitivity (0.0045 µM-1), limit of detection (LOD = 3.9 µM), and limit of quantification (LOQ = 13 µM) compared to D-CNDs (Sensitivity = 0.0029 µM-1, LOD = 7.2 µM, and LOQ = 24 µM). The quenching mechanism attained in both CNDs is due to a combined static-dynamic effect in which the static is the dominant component. Therefore, the synthesized O-CNDs could serve as promising and low-cost nanomaterials for selective sensing of Fe3+ cation in contaminated water. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Sustainable chemistry

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Van der Waals device integration beyond the limits of van der Waals forces via adhesive matrix transfer

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Satterthwaite, Peter F. Zhu, Weikun Jastrzebska-Perfect, Patricia Tang, Melbourne Gao, Hongze Kitadai, Hikari Lu, Ang-Yu Tan, Qishuo Tang, Shin-Yi Chueh, Yu-Lun Kuo, Chia-Nung Lue, Chin Shan Kong, Jing Ling, Xi Niroui, Farnaz Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Department of Chemistry Boston University BostonMA02215 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Semiconductor Research Center Hon Hai Research Institute Taipei11492 Taiwan College of Semiconductor Research National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Department of Physics National Cheng Kung University Tainan70101 Taiwan Taiwan Consortium of Emergent Crystalline Materials National Science and Technology Council Taipei10601 Taiwan Program on Key Materials Academy of Innovative Semiconductor and Sustainable Manufacturing National Cheng Kung University Tainan70101 Taiwan Division of Materials Science and Engineering Boston University BostonMA02215 United States The Photonics Center Boston University BostonMA02215 United States

Pristine van der Waals (vdW) interfaces between two-dimensional (2D) and other materials are core to emerging optical and electronic devices. Their direct fabrication is, however, challenged as the vdW forces are weak and cannot be tuned to accommodate integration of arbitrary layers without solvents, sacrificial-layers or high-temperatures, steps that can introduce damage. To address these limitations, we introduce a single-step 2D material-to-device integration approach in which forces promoting transfer are decoupled from the vdW forces at the interface of interest. We use this adhesive matrix transfer to demonstrate conventionally-forbidden direct integration of diverse 2D materials (MoS2, WSe2, PtS2, GaS) with dielectrics (SiO2, Al2O3), and scalable, aligned heterostructure formation, both foundational to device development. We then demonstrate a single-step integration of monolayer-MoS2 into arrays of transistors. With no exposure to polymers or solvents, clean interfaces and pristine surfaces are preserved, which can be further engineered to demonstrate both n- and p-type behavior. Beyond serving as a platform to probe the intrinsic properties of sensitive nanomaterials without the influence of processing steps, our technique allows efficient formation of unconventional device form-factors, with an example of flexible transistors demonstrated. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Van der Waals forces

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