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arXiv 2024年

作者： Gao, Shanghua Fang, Ada Huang, Yepeng Giunchiglia, Valentina Noori, Ayush Schwarz, Jonathan Richard Ektefaie, Yasha Kondic, Jovana Zitnik, Marinka Department of Biomedical Informatics Harvard Medical School BostonMA United States Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Harvard University CambridgeMA United States Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences Harvard Medical School BostonMA United States Department of Brain Sciences Imperial College London London United Kingdom Harvard College CambridgeMA United States Program in Biomedical Informatics Harvard Medical School BostonMA United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science MIT CambridgeMA United States Kempner Institute for the Study of Natural and Artificial Intelligence Harvard University MA United States Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard CambridgeMA United States Harvard Data Science Initiative CambridgeMA United States

We envision "AI scientists" as systems capable of skeptical learning and reasoning that empower biomedical research through collaborative agents that integrate AI models and biomedical tools with experimental platforms. Rather than taking humans out of the discovery process, biomedical AI agents combine human creativity and expertise with AI’s ability to analyze large datasets, navigate hypothesis spaces, and execute repetitive tasks. AI agents are poised to be proficient in various tasks, planning discovery workflows and performing self-assessment to identify and mitigate gaps in their knowledge. These agents use large language models and generative models to feature structured memory for continual learning and use machine learning tools to incorporate scientific knowledge, biological principles, and theories. AI agents can impact areas ranging from virtual cell simulation, programmable control of phenotypes, and the design of cellular circuits to developing new therapies. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Adversarial machine learning

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Polyvinyl chloride microplastics and drought co-exposure alter rice growth by affecting metabolomics and proteomics

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science of the Total Environment 2024年 955卷 177002页

作者： Khan, Kiran Yasmin Ali, Barkat Ghani, Hafiz Usman Cui, Xiaoqiang Luo, Xiaohan Ali, Zeshan Ahmed, Waqar Tan, Jinglu Lysenko, Vladimir Guo, Ya Key Laboratory of Advanced Process Control for Light Industry Ministry of Education Jiangnan University Wuxi214122 China Food Science Research Institute National Agricultural Research Centre Islamabad44000 Pakistan Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang050000 China School of Environmental Science and Engineering/Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass Waste Utilization Tianjin University Tianjin300072 China Ecotoxicology Research Program Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection National Agriculture Research Center Islamabad44000 Pakistan Department of Biomedical Biological & Chemical Engineering University of Missouri ColumbiaMO65211 United States Southern Federal University Academy of Biology and Biotechnology Rostov-on-Don344041 Russia International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Optical Sensing and Applications at Jiangnan University Wuxi214122 China

Microplastics, interacting with drought stress, have become threat to crops by altering soil environment. Currently, the effect of combined microplastic and drought stress on crop growth remain poorly understood. In this work, the mechanism of multi-stress responses was investigated under the exposure of polvinylchloride microplastic (PV) and drought (D) individually and in combination (DPV) on rice varieties Hanyou73 and Q280 through proteomics and metabolomic analysis. All treatments negatively affect chlorophyll content, antioxidant enzyme activities, rice grain composition, metabolome and proteomic profiling of both rice varieties. Full rice grain yield was decreased under all treatments except PV treatment in which it was increased in both rice varieties. DPV treatment shows the lowest grain yield and more adverse effects on metabolome by affecting glycerophospholipid metabolism, tryptophan metabolism and alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism. Soluble sugar contents were decreased in H73 but in Q280 increased by 159 % under DPV and 123 % in PV treatment, compared to their control group. The results from metabolomics illustrate that glycerophospholipid metabolism is commonly altered in both rice types under all treatments. PV and drought alone and in combination induce extensive alterations in proteomics of rice leaves especially impacting proteins related to binding, translation and photosynthetic process. The results reveal that PV and DPV treatments highly distort the abundance of metabolites and proteins in both rice types, demonstrating that microplastic toxicity effects on rice plants become more severe when combined with drought stress. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Drought Metabolite Polyvinyl chloride microplastic Protein Rice

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Renewable Biodiesel Production from Oleaginous Yeast Biomass Using Industrial Wastes

Renewable Biodiesel Production from Oleaginous Yeast Biomass...

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2019 Research, Invention, and Innovation Congress, RI2C 2019

作者： Kongruang, Sasithorn Roytrakul, Sittiruk Sriariyanun, Malinee Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Center Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Applied Science King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok Bangkok Thailand Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering King Mongkut' S University of Technology North Bangkok Bangkok Thailand Chemical and Process Engineering Program Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok Bangkok Thailand

The accumulation lipid from oleaginous microorganisms is recognized as a second generation fuel. Biooil is known to as intracellular product of oily yeast utilizing various carbon substrates and converting different quantities of lipids in the form of triacylglycerols. This second generation fuel can be used to make biodiesel via a transesterification process. This study investigated the morphological characteristics of eight strains of Thai oleaginous yeasts via microscopy and analyzed the fatty acid profiling of yeasts cultured in three carbon sources: glucose, sugar cane molasses and crude glycerol in order to estimate biodiesel properties. To approach this goal, batch fermentations were used to culture eight yeast strains, Rhodosporidium toruloides TISTR 5123, TISTR 5154, TISTR 5149, Yarrowia lipolytica TISTR 5054, TISTR 5151, TISTR 5621, Rhodotorula glutinis TISTR 5159 and Rhodotorula graminis TISTR 5124 for 96 h under 30°C at 250 rpm. Result revealed that eight yeast strains contained significant amounts of fatty acids and lipids and accumulated mainly palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C 18:1) and linoleic acid (C18:2), and they are suitable for the production of biodiesel. Fatty acid productions and profiles indicated that these yeast strains can be potentially used as the triacylglycerols producers for biodiesel production. © 2020 The Authors, published by EDP sciences.

关键词： Lipids

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Synchronous Synthesis and Separation of Hydrophobic Ionic Liquids Through Janus Membrane Reactors

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Wu, Qian Li, Hao-Nan Zhang, Wen-Ting Cao, Ye Weng, Rui-Bin Li, Yong-Jin Yang, Jing Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hangzhou Normal University No. 2318 Yuhangtang Rd. Hangzhou311121 China MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China

Traditional synthesis and purification of ionic liquids (ILs) are usually isolated. The overall procedure consumes a large quantity of organic solvents and is limited to lab scale synthesis. Thus, a greener and large-scale preparation of ILs requires a simultaneous synthesis and separation without volatile organic solvents. Herein, we establish a framwork for synchronous synthesis and separation of hydrophobic ILs based on an environmentally benign membrane reactor system. A Janus hollow fiber membrane reactor (JHFMR) with a thin and charged inner surface and IL-philic outer surface is prepared by mussel-inspired co-deposition. The hydrophilic lumen surface supplies a reaction zone for anion metathesis, and the surface charge can destabilize the emulsified target ILs dispersed in water, followed by a unidirectional transmembrane delivery. Multiple JHFMRs are assembled to prepare a module for continnously preparing water-immiscible ILs in a cross-flow mode. The ILs yield can be enhanced by increasing the packing density, as high as 96% after 30 h. The residual water is limited to below 1.00 wt%, and the halogen impurity is negligible ( © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Ionic liquids

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Spatial atlas of the mouse central nervous system at molecular resolution (vol 622, pg 552, 2023)

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NATURE 2024年第7993期625卷 E6-E6页

作者： Shi, Hailing He, Yichun Zhou, Yiming Huang, Jiahao Maher, Kamal Wang, Brandon Tang, Zefang Luo, Shuchen Tan, Peng Wu, Morgan Lin, Zuwan Ren, Jingyi Thapa, Yaman Tang, Xin Chan, Ken Y. Deverman, Benjamin E. Shen, Hao Liu, Albert Liu, Jia Wang, Xiao Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University Boston MA USA Computational and Systems Biology PhD Program Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA Department of Biology Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA Klarman Cell Observatory Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Harvard University Cambridge MA USA Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA

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Quincke oscillations of colloids at planar electrodes

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Zhang, Zhengyan Yuan, Hang Dou, Yong de la Cruz, Monica Olvera Bishop, Kyle J.M. Department of Chemical Engineering Columbia University New YorkNY10025 United States Applied Physics Program Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States

Dielectric particles in weakly conducting fluids rotate spontaneously when subject to strong electric fields. Such Quincke rotation near a plane electrode leads to particle translation that enables physical models of active matter. Here, we show that Quincke rollers can also exhibit oscillatory dynamics, whereby particles move back and forth about a fixed location. We explain how oscillations arise for micron-scale particles commensurate with the thickness of a field-induced boundary layer in the nonpolar electrolyte. This work enables the design of colloidal oscillators. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Electrolytes

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Thermal and pH Sensitive Blends Formed by Chitosan and Poly(N-Vinylcaprolactam)

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ChemistrySelect 2025年第23期10卷

作者： Djalma A. Oliveira Maria E. G. Barros Grazielle R. Cerqueira Yêda M. B. Almeida Carolina L. Morelli Materials Science Program Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE) Recife 50740-600 Brazil Department of Mechanical Engineering Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE) Recife 50740-600 Brazil Department of Chemical Engineering Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE) Recife 50740-600 Brazil

The development of smart polymeric films capable of responding to external and internal stimuli is of great interest in the biomedical and industrial fields for applications that require controlled drug release through pH variation, thermal stimuli, or both. This study aimed to develop and characterize polymeric blends composed by chitosan (CS) and poly( N -vinylcaprolactam) (PNVCL) with dual thermal and pH responsiveness. The films were prepared by solution casting using different CS/PNVCL ratios (90/10, 70/30, and 50/50) and characterized by ATR-FTIR, TGA, DSC, SEM, s-SNOM, contact angle, opacification, and swelling tests. FTIR and s-SNOM confirmed interaction and partial miscibility between the polymers. The films exhibited thermoresponsiveness, changing from transparent to opaque in temperatures from 25 °C to 32 °C, depending on composition. The pH responsiveness analysis indicated that the films demonstrated a greater increase in diameter (more than 80%), when subjected to acidic solution. The blend films presented Tg values of 72.38 °C, 140.41 °C, and 142.22 °C for the CS/PNVCL compositions 90/10, 30/70, and 50/50, respectively, intermediate to those observed for the pure precursor polymers (68.74 °C for CS and 182.39 °C for PNVCL). To the best of our knowledge, studies on solid polymeric systems responsive to pH and temperature, like those developed in this work, have not been performed.

关键词： Chitosan CS/PNVCL blends Nano-FTIR Poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) s-SNOM Thermo-pH responsive blends Thermoresponsive blends

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Giant Deep-Ultraviolet Circular Dichroism in Synthetic Architectures of Ordered Carbon Nanotubes

Giant Deep-Ultraviolet Circular Dichroism in Synthetic Archi...

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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)

作者： Jacques Doumani Minhan Lou Oliver Dewey Nina Hong Jichao Fan Andrey Baydin Matteo Pasquali Yohei Yomogida Kazuhiro Yanagi Riichiro Saito Junichiro Kono Weilu Gao Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University Houston TX USA Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University Houston TX USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA Carbon Hub Rice University Houston TX USA Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Rice University Houston TX USA J.A. Woollam Co. Lincoln NE USA The Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University Houston TX USA Department of Chemistry Rice University Houston TX USA Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering Rice University Houston TX USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Tokyo Metropolitan University Tokyo Japan Department Physics Tohoku University Sendai Japan Department Physics and Astronomy Rice University Houston TX USA

We demonstrate tunable, giant, and structure-induced deep-ultraviolet circular dichroism in macroscopically chiral assemblies of racemic carbon nanotubes prepared using two approaches: mechanical-rotation-assisted vac... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171258

关键词： Carbon nanotubes Chiral media Dichroism Graphene Optical activity Quantum information

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Recent advancements and challenges in emerging applications of biochar-based catalysts

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Biotechnology Advances 2023年 67卷 108181页

作者： Yuan, Xiangzhou Cao, Yang Li, Jie Patel, Anil Kumar Dong, Cheng-Di Jin, Xin Gu, Cheng Yip, Alex C.K. Tsang, Daniel C.W. Ok, Yong Sik Ministry of Education of Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control School of Energy and Environment Southeast University Nanjing210096 China Korea Biochar Research Center APRU Sustainable Waste Management Program & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering Korea University Seoul02841 Korea Republic of Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen361021 China Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology College of Hydrosphere National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung81157 Taiwan Department of Marine Environmental Engineering National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung81157 Taiwan State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of Environment Nanjing University Nanjing210023 China Department of Chemical and Process Engineering University of Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand Research Centre for Resources Engineering towards Carbon Neutrality The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong

The sustainable utilization of biochar produced from biomass waste could substantially promote the development of carbon neutrality and a circular economy. Due to their cost-effectiveness, multiple functionalities, tailorable porous structure, and thermal stability, biochar-based catalysts play a vital role in sustainable biorefineries and environmental protection, contributing to a positive, planet-level impact. This review provides an overview of emerging synthesis routes for multifunctional biochar-based catalysts. It discusses recent advances in biorefinery and pollutant degradation in air, soil, and water, providing deeper and more comprehensive information of the catalysts, such as physicochemical properties and surface chemistry. The catalytic performance and deactivation mechanisms under different catalytic systems were critically reviewed, providing new insights into developing efficient and practical biochar-based catalysts for large-scale use in various applications. Machine learning (ML)-based predictions and inverse design have addressed the innovation of biochar-based catalysts with high-performance applications, as ML efficiently predicts the properties and performance of biochar, interprets the underlying mechanisms and complicated relationships, and guides biochar synthesis. Finally, environmental benefit and economic feasibility assessments are proposed for science-based guidelines for industries and policymakers. With concerted effort, upgrading biomass waste into high-performance catalysts for biorefinery and environmental protection could reduce environmental pollution, increase energy safety, and achieve sustainable biomass management, all of which are beneficial for attaining several of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs) and Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG). © 2023 The Authors

关键词： Biodiversity

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Evaluating the influence of functional unit on life cycle assessment (LCA) reliability of concrete

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Materials Today: Proceedings 2024年

作者： Glenda Terán-Cuadrado Sami Sbahieh Furqan Tahir Anissa Nurdiawati Mohammed A. Almarshoud Sami G. Al-Ghamdi Chemical Engineering Program Physical Sciences and Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia KAUST Climate and Livability Initiative King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia Division of Sustainable Development College of Science and Engineering Hamad Bin Khalifa University Doha 34110 Qatar Environmental Science and Engineering Program Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia Civil and Environmental Engineering Department College of Engineering University of Jeddah (UJ) Jeddah 23890-2871 Saudi Arabia

The linear lifecycle of concrete, from production through usage to disposal, highlights its status as one of the most carbon-, energy-, and resource-intensive processes in the industry. The development of life cycle assessment (LCA) models to quantify concrete’s embodied and buildings’ operational emissions is strongly influenced by the selection of the functional unit (FU) since it dictates the magnitude and significance of the environmental burdens from concrete and buildings' life span. The chosen FU should comprehensively capture the concrete's functionalities and construction parameters. Nonetheless, establishing a FU that encompasses spatial, temporal, and intensity aspects of cement/concrete and its applications remains a significant limitation in the practice of current LCA models. This study analyzed the FU influence on the environmental footprint of concrete samples with specific compressive strengths (material level) via LCA. The LCA was conducted in OneClick LCA using the environmental product declaration (EPD) provided by the software for each ready-mix concrete sample. From the LCA results, the C 30/37 concrete mix (lowest compressive strength) exhibited the lowest carbon footprint for all the environmental indicators when a volume-based FU was considered. In contrast, the results were more favorable for the C 65/70 concrete specimen when the compressive strength (28 curing days) was chosen because less cement is needed to achieve one MPa of strength. This behavior was also observed in the modeling of a column in a building, where the mixture with the highest compressive strength (C 65/70) showed the lowest environmental impact for all the indicators. However, this assessment does not represent the actual building system's footprint. Thus, regionally specific functional units need to be established, considering not just concrete functionalities but also national regulations, stakeholder needs, and local resource availability.

关键词： Buildings Concrete Functional unit Embodied carbon emissions LEED Life cycle assessment (LCA)

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