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Effect of Ammonium Formate Addition on Corrosion Behavior of Trivalent Chromium Coatings Electrodeposited in Deep Eutectic Solvents

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International Journal of Electrochemical science 2022年第7期17卷

作者： Sheu, Hung-Hua Lin, Tzu-Te Ger, Ming-Der Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering Chung Cheng Institute of Technology National Defense University Taoyuan Taiwan System Engineering and Technology Program National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsin-Chu Taiwan Graduate School of National Defense Science Chung Cheng Institute of Technology National Defense University Taoyuan Taiwan

The Cr thin films were electrodeposited from trivalent chromium deep eutectic solvents. The conditions of deep eutectic solvents divided into without water (specimen C1), added 15 wt% water (specimen C2), added 15 wt% water with ammonium formate (specimen C3). The HR-TEM shows the structure of “C1” is amorphous structure, and both “C2” and “C3” belong to nano-crystalline structure. The best corrosion resistance of Cr thin film is “C3” which icorr value is approximately at 3.69×10^-7 A/cm², the worst corrosion resistance of Cr thin film is “C1” which icorr value is approximately at 3.05×10^-5 A/cm², it can be attributed to “C3” has a dense structure and “C1” has a loose structure. The EIS analysis also presents “C3” has the best corrosion resistance. The reason for the large difference in corrosion resistance can be attributed to the loose structure of the "C1" thin film and the gaps of film is perpendicular to substrate, the dense structure of the "C3" thin film can effectively protect the substrate. Moreover, the addition of ammonium formate into trivalent chromium deep eutectic solvents will promote the reduction reaction of Cr ions and form a dense film © 2022. The Authors. Published by ESG (***). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://***/licenses/by/4.0/)

关键词： Ammonium formate Deep eutectic solvents Eis analysis

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Thermally Responsive Selenide-containing Materials Based on Transalkylation of Selenonium Salts

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Angewandte Chemie 2023年第49期135卷

作者： Sisi Chen Vincent Scholiers Mengyao Zhang Jiandong Zhang Prof. Dr. Jian Zhu Prof. Dr. Filip E. Du Prez Prof. Dr. Xiangqiang Pan State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Department Polymeric Materials Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application Department of Polymer Science and Engineering College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China Polymer Chemistry Research group Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC) Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry Faculty of Sciences Ghent University Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis 9000 Ghent Belgium

Covalent adaptable networks (CANs) possess unique properties as a result of their internal dynamic bonds, such as self-healing and reprocessing abilities. In this study, we report a thermally responsive C−Se dynamic covalent chemistry (DCC) that relies on the transalkylation exchange between selenonium salts and selenides, which undergo a fast transalkylation reaction in the absence of any catalyst. Additionally, we demonstrate the presence of a dissociative mechanism in the absence of selenide groups. After incorporation of this DCC into selenide-containing polymer materials, it was observed that the cross-linked networks display varying dynamic exchange rates when using different alkylation reagents, suggesting that the reprocessing capacity of selenide-containing materials can be regulated. Also, by incorporating selenonium salts into polymer materials, we observed that the materials exhibited good healing ability at elevated temperatures as well as excellent solvent resistance at ambient temperature. This novel dynamic covalent chemistry thus provides a straightforward method for the healing and reprocessing of selenide-containing materials.

关键词： Covalent Adaptable Networks Dynamic Covalent Chemistry Selenide Selenonium Salts Transalkylation

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Room-temperature quantum sensing with photoexcited triplet electrons in organic crystals

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Singh, Harpreet D’Souza, Noella Zhong, Keyuan Druga, Emanuel Oshiro, Julianne Blankenship, Brian Montis, Riccardo Reimer, Jeffrey A. Breeze, Jonathan D. Ajoy, Ashok Department of Chemistry University of California Berkeley BerkeleyCA94720 United States Department of Physics Guru Nanak Dev University Punjab Amritsar143005 India Chemical Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA94720 United States Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States Department of Pure and Applied Science University of Urbino Carlo Bo UrbinoI-61029 Italy Materials Science Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA94720 United States Department of Physics & Astronomy University College London Gower Street LondonWC1E 6BT United Kingdom CIFAR Azrieli Global Scholars Program 661 University Ave TorontoONM5G 1M1 Canada

Quantum sensors have notably advanced high-sensitivity magnetic field detection. Here, we report quantum sensors constructed from polarized spin-triplet electrons in photoexcited organic chromophores, specifically focusing on pentacene-doped para-terphenyl (≈0.1%). We demonstrate essential quantum sensing properties at room temperature (RT): optically-generated electronic polarization and state-dependent fluorescence contrast, by leveraging differential pumping and relaxation rates between triplet and ground states. We measure high optically-detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) contrast ≈16.8% of the triplet states at RT, along with long coherence times under spin echo and CPMG sequences, T2=2.7μs and T2DD=18.4μs, respectively, limited only by the triplet lifetimes. The material offers several advantages for quantum sensing, including the ability to grow large (cm-scale) crystals at low cost, absence of paramagnetic impurities, and electronic diamagnetism when not optically illuminated. Utilizing pentacene as a representative of a broader class of spin triplet- polarizable organic molecules, this study highlights new potential for quantum sensing in chemical systems. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Crystal impurities

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Aqueous Developable and CO2-Sourced chemical Amplification Photoresist with High Performance

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Angewandte Chemie 2024年第32期136卷

作者： Dr. Xin-Yu Lu Rui-Sheng Zhang Dr. Guan-Wen Yang Prof. Qiang Li Prof. Bo Li Prof. Guang-Peng Wu MOE Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation College of Optical Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology Ministry of Education College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 311121 Zhejiang China

Seeking high-performance photoresists is an important item for semiconductor industry due to the continuous miniaturization and intelligentization of integrated circuits. Polymer resin containing carbonate group has many desirable properties, such as high transmittance, acid sensitivity and chemical formulation, thus serving as promising photoresist material. In this work, a series of aqueous developable CO 2 -sourced polycarbonates (CO 2 -PCs) were produced via alternating copolymerization of CO 2 and epoxides bearing acid-cleavable cyclic acetal groups in the presence of tetranuclear organoborane catalyst. The produced CO 2 -PCs were investigated as chemical amplification resists in deep ultraviolet (DUV) lithography. Under the catalysis of photogenerated acid, the acetal (ketal) groups in CO 2 -PC were hydrolysed into two equivalents of hydroxyl groups, which change the exposed area from hydrophobicity to hydrophilicity, thus enabling the exposed area to be developed with water. Through normalized remaining thickness analysis, the optimal CO 2 -derived resist achieved a remarkable sensitivity of 1.9 mJ/cm 2 , a contrast of 7.9, a favorable resolution (750 nm, half pitch), and a good etch resistance (38 % higher than poly( tert- butyl acrylate)). Such performances outperform commercial KrF and ArF chemical amplification resists (i.e., polyhydroxystyrene-derived and polymethacrylate-based resists), which endows broad application prospects in the field of DUV (KrF and ArF) and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography for nanomanufacturing.

关键词： carbon dioxide polycarbonate chemical amplification resist water developable organocatalysis

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Outcoupling Hyperbolic Modes from Aligned Carbon Nanotube Films

Outcoupling Hyperbolic Modes from Aligned Carbon Nanotube Fi...

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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)

作者： Bryant Jerome Ciril S. Prasad Jacques Doumani Oliver S. Dewey Andrey Baydin Matteo Pasquali Junichiro Kono Weilu Gao Alessandro Alabastri Gururaj V. Naik Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University Houston TX USA Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University Houston TX USA Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Rice University Houston TX USA Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University Houston TX USA Department of Chemistry Rice University Houston TX USA Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering Rice University Houston TX USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University Houston TX USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA

Aligned carbon nanotube films make an excellent hyperbolic material plat-form in the infrared. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the presence of high-k modes in aligned carbon nanotube films and outcouple them to fr... 详细信息

ISBN: (数字)9781957171050

ISBN: (纸本)9781665466660

关键词： Films Carbon nanotubes Lasers and electrooptics Laser modes High-k dielectric materials Gratings Laser applications

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Augmented Reality for Assisting Students in the Learning Riau Malay Culture Local Subject during COVID-19 Pandemic

Augmented Reality for Assisting Students in the Learning Ria...

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Education Technology (URICET), Universitas Riau International Conference on

作者： M. Hasmil Adiya Dewi Nasien David Andrio Suroyo Suroyo Dina Mutia Sari Nafisyah Apriani Department of Informatic Engineering Faculty of Computer Science Institut Bisnis dan Teknologi Pelita Pekanbaru Pekanbaru Indonesia Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Riau Pekanbaru Indonesia Department of History Education Faculty of Education Universitas Riau Pekanbaru Indonesia Program Studi Magister Faculty of Industrial Technology Universitas Trisakti Jakarta Indonesia

ISBN: (数字)9781665420969

ISBN: (纸本)9781665420976

Corona Virus Disease 2019 or known as COVID-19 disseminated Indonesia in March 2020. The presence of this virus leads to fear and worry, all work activities are carried out from home. This is also perceived by the Public Elementary School number 189 Pekanbaru (SDN 189), particularly in the subject Budaya Melayu Riau (BMR) or Riau Malay Culture. BMR is a subject on heritage that characterizes Riau Malay culture; it has material evidence objects which are the results of human cultural history, nature and the environment are notable to be preserved. The problem faced by SDN 189 is that the level of students' comprehension towards BMR subject is diminished during COVID-19. The solution offered in solving this problem is to create fun learning technology through online learning using Android-based Augmented Reality (AR). AR is a type of interactive technology combines actual and virtual objects to produce 3D objects that are real in life. Therefore, the ultimate goal of this research is to intensify the knowledge and teacher’s skills in teaching and enhance students' understanding of BMR subjects.

关键词： COVID-19 Three-dimensional displays Pandemics Education Media Internet Augmented reality

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Electromagnetic-polarization selective composites with quasi-1D van der Waals metallic fillers

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Barani, Zahra Kargar, Fariborz Ghafouri, Yassamin Baraghani, Saba Sudhindra, Sriharsha Mohammadzadeh, Amirmahdi Salguero, Tina T. Balandin, Alexander A. Center Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California RiversideCA92521 United States Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering University of California RiversideCA92521 United States Department of Chemistry University of Georgia AthensGA30602 United States Material Science and Engineering Program University of California RiversideCA92521 United States

We report on the preparation of flexible polymer composite films with aligned metallic fillers comprised of atomic chain bundles of the quasi-one-dimensional (1D) van der Waals material tantalum triselenide, TaSe3. The material functionality, embedded at the nanoscale level, is achieved by mimicking the design of an electromagnetic aperture grid antenna. The processed composites employ chemically exfoliated TaSe3 nanowires as the grid building blocks incorporated within the thin film. Filler alignment is achieved using the "blade coating" method. Measurements conducted in the X-band frequency range demonstrate that the electromagnetic transmission through such films can be varied significantly by changing the relative orientations of the quasi-1D fillers and the polarization of the electromagnetic wave. We argue that such polarization-sensitive polymer films with quasi-1D fillers are applicable to advanced electromagnetic interference shielding in future communication systems. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Van der Waals forces

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Formation of a single quasicrystal upon collision of multiple grains

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Han, Insung Wang, Kelly L. Cadotte, Andrew T. Xi, Zhucong Parsamehr, Hadi Xiao, Xianghui Glotzer, Sharon C. Shahani, Ashwin J. Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States National Synchrotron Light Source-II Brookhaven National Laboratory UptonNY11973 United States Department of Chemical Engineering University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Biointerfaces Institute University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States

Quasicrystals exhibit long-range order but lack translational symmetry. When grown as single crystals, they possess distinctive and unusual properties owing to the absence of grain boundaries. Unfortunately, conventional methods such as bulk crystal growth or thin film deposition only allow us to synthesize either polycrystalline quasicrystals or quasicrystals that are at most a few centimeters in size. Here, we reveal through real-time and 3D imaging the formation of a single decagonal quasicrystal arising from a hard collision between multiple growing quasicrystals in an Al-Co-Ni liquid. Through corresponding molecular dynamics simulations, we examine the underlying kinetics of quasicrystal coalescence and investigate the effects of initial misorientation between the growing quasicrystalline grains on the formation of grain boundaries. At small misorientation, coalescence occurs following rigid rotation that is facilitated by phasons. Our joint experimental-computational discovery paves the way toward fabrication of single, large-scale quasicrystals for novel applications. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Quasicrystals

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A New Strategic Air Pollution Risk Assessment by Considering the Influence of Wind Regimes

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Santos Silva, Jéssica Caroline dos Potgieter-Vermaak, Sanja Westrupp Medeiros, Sandra Helena da Silva, Luiz Vitor Ferreira, Danielli Ventura Moreira, Camila Ariele Bufato de Souza Zorzenão, Priscila Caroline Pauliquevis, Theotonio Godoi, Ana Flávia Locateli de Souza, Rodrigo Augusto Ferreira Yamamoto, Carlos Itsuo Moreton Godoi, Ricardo Henrique Postgraduate Program in Water Resources and Environmental Engineering Federal University of Paraná Paraná Curitiba Brazil Ecology & Environment Research Centre Department of Natural Science Manchester Metropolitan University ManchesterM1 5GD United Kingdom Molecular Science Institute University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa Department of Environmental and Sanitary Engineering University of the Region of Joinville Santa Catarina Joinville Brazil Department of Environmental Engineering Federal University of Paraná Paraná Curitiba Brazil Department of Chemical Engineering Federal University of Paraná Paraná Curitiba Brazil Department of Environmental Sciences Federal University of São Paulo Diadema São Paulo Brazil School of Technology Amazonas State University Amazonas Manaus Brazil

For regulatory purposes, air pollution has been reduced to management of air quality control regions (AQCR), by inventorying pollution sources and identifying the receptors significantly affected. However, beyond being source-dependent, particulate matter can be physically and chemically altered by factors and elements of climate during transport, as they act as local environmental constraints, indirectly modulating the adverse effects of particles on the environment and human health. This case study, at an industrial site in a Brazilian coastal city – Joinville, combines different methodologies to integrate atmospheric dynamics in a strategic risk assessment approach whereby the influence of different wind regimes on environmental and health risks of exposure to PM2.5-bound components, are analysed. Although Joinville AQCR has been prone to stagnation/recirculation events, distinctly different horizontal wind circulation patterns indicate two airsheds within the region. The two sampling sites mirrored these two conditions and as a result we report different PM2.5 mass concentrations, chemical profiles, geo-accumulation, and ecological and human health risks. In addition, feedback mechanisms between the airsheds seem to aggravate the air quality and its effects even under good ventilation conditions. Recognizably, the risks associated with Co, Pb, Ni, Mn, and Zn loadings were extremely high for the environment as well as being the main contributors to elevated non-carcinogenic risks. Meanwhile, higher carcinogenic risks occurred during stagnation/recirculation conditions, with Cr as the major threat. These results highlight the importance of integrating local airshed characteristics into the risk assessment of PM2.5-bound components since they can aggravate air pollution leading to different risks at a granular scale. This new approach to risk assessment can be employed in any city's longer-term development plan since it provides public authorities with a strategic

关键词： Heavy metals

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Geometrical effect coupled with nanofluid on heat transfer enhancement in heat exchangers

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International Journal of Thermofluids 2021年 10卷

作者： Olabi, A.G. Wilberforce, Tabbi Sayed, Enas Taha Elsaid, Khaled Rahman, S.M.Atiqure Abdelkareem, Mohammad Ali Department of Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engineering University of Sharjah P.O. Box 27272 Sharjah United Arab Emirates Mechanical Engineering and Design Aston University School of Engineering and Applied Science Aston Triangle BirminghamB4 7ET United Kingdom Center for Advanced Materials Research University of Sharjah PO Box 27272 Sharjah United Arab Emirates Chemical Engineering Department Minia University Elminia Egypt Chemical Engineering Program Texas A& M University College StationTX United States

This investigation summarized the application of nanofluids (NFs) in heat exchangers (HExs) with different geometries. The quest for heat devices with quick response for the industrial sector is still a major challenge that has been an active research direction over the years. Addressing this issue is likely to increase the capacity of several industries. There is a direct relationship between expanding the heat capacity and the pressure drop. The common approach in increasing the rate of heat transfer often leads to an increment in pressure drop. This study reviews and summarizes the investigations on various geometrical effects inside the channel combined with NF in HExs. This review explored the potential of NFs as possible heat transfer fluid in HExs. From a detailed literature review compiled and evaluated, it has been deduced that NFs application significantly improves the thermal efficiency of HExs. The investigation further evaluated plate, helical, as well as shell and tube HExs. The review explored NFs application in HExs and how they can significantly improve the HExs' thermal characteristics. It was deduced that the use of NFs improved the heat transfer both experimentally and numerically. This equally has a direct relation to energy savings as well as industrial waste heat. © 2021 The Author(s)

关键词： Heat exchangers

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