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Deterministic synthesis of phase pure 2D perovskites via progressive transformation of layer thickness

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Hou, Jin Li, Wenbin Zhang, Hao Sidhik, Siraj Blancon, Jean-Christophe Even, Jacky Kanatzidis, Mercouri G. Mohite, Aditya D. Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley‐Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States INSA de Rennes CNRS UMR 6082 Rennes35708 France Department of Chemistry Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States

Two-dimensional (2D) halide perovskites have emerged as semiconductor platforms for realizing efficient and durable optoelectronic devices. However, the reproducible synthesis of 2D perovskite crystals with desired layer thickness (or n value) greater than 2, has been an enduring challenge due to the lack of kinetic control (temperature, time, stoichiometry) for each layer thickness. Here, we demonstrate a novel method term as the kinetically controlled space confinement (KCSC) for the deterministic growth of phase pure Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) and Dion-Jacobson (DJ) 2D perovskites. The phase-pure growth was achieved by progressively increasing the temperature (fixed time) or the crystallization time (fixed temperature), which allowed for an acute control of the crystallization kinetics. We also observe a systematic transformation from a lower n-value to n=3, 4, 5, 6 in 2D perovskites. In-situ photoluminescence spectroscopy and imaging suggest that the progressive transformation from lower to higher n-value occurs via intercalation of excess precursor ions. These experiments enabled the development of a machine learning assisted multi-parameter phase diagram, which predicts the growth of 2D phase with a specific n-value. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Perovskite

Predicting the unobserved: A statistical mechanics framework for non-equilibrium material response with quantified uncertainty

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Huang, Shenglin Graham, Ian R. Riggleman, Robert A. Arratia, Paulo Fitzgerald, Steve Reina, Celia Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA19104 United States Department Physics and Astronomy University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA19104 United States Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA19104 United States Department of Applied Mathematics University of Leeds LeedsLS2 9JT United Kingdom

Can far-from-equilibrium material response under arbitrary loading be inferred from equilibrium data and vice versa? Can the effect of element transmutation on mechanical behavior be predicted? Remarkably, such extrapolations are possible in principle for systems governed by stochastic differential equations, thanks to a set of exact relations between probability densities for trajectories derived from the path integral formalism [1, 2, 3]. In this article, we systematically investigate inferences (in the form of ensemble-averages) drawn on system/process S based on stochastic trajectory data of system/process S˜, with quantified uncertainty, to directly address the aforementioned questions. Interestingly, such inferences and their associated uncertainty do not require any simulations or experiments of S. The results are exemplified over two illustrative examples by means of numerical simulations: a one-dimensional system as a prototype for polymers and biological macromolecules, and a two-dimensional glassy system. In principle, the approach can be pushed to the extreme case where S˜ is simply comprised of Brownian trajectories, i.e., equilibrium non-interacting particles, and S is a complex interacting system driven far from equilibrium. In practice, however, the "further" S˜ is from S, the greater the uncertainty in the predictions, for a fixed number of realizations of system S˜. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Quantum theory

Reprocessing the NEAT Dataset: Preliminary Results

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Nugent, C.R. Bauer, J.M. Benitez, O. Blain, M. D’Souza, N. Garimella, S. Goldwater, M. Kim, Y. Larsen, H.C.G. Linder, T. Mackowiak, K. McGinnis, Z. Pan, E. Pedersen, C.C. Sadhwani, P. Spoto, F. Tan, N.J. Vereš, P. Xue, C. Olin College of Engineering 1000 Olin Way NeedhamMA02492 United States Department of Astronomy University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Department of Earth and Space Sciences College of the Canyons Santa ClaritaCA91355 United States MIT-WHOI Joint Program in Applied Ocean Science & Engineering Cambridge and Woods Hole MA United States Department of Applied Ocean Physics & Engineering Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution 266 Woods Hole Road MS #55 Woods HoleMA02543-1050 United States Aalborg University Fibigerstræde 16 Aalborg9220 Denmark Planetary Science Institute TucsonAZ85719 United States Minor Planet Center Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory 60 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States School of Physical and Chemical Sciences Te Kura Matū University of Canterbury Private Bag 4800 Christchurch8140 New Zealand

We have created a new image analysis pipeline to reprocess images taken by the Near Earth Asteroid Tracking survey and have applied it to ten nights of observations. This work is the first large-scale reprocessing of images from an asteroid discovery survey in which thousands of archived images are re-calibrated, searched for minor planets, and resulting observations are reported to the Minor Planet Center. We describe the software used to extract, calibrate, and clean sources from the images, including specific techniques that accommodate the unique features of these archival images. This pipeline is able to find fainter asteroids than the original pipeline. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Asteroids

Fast and accurate discrimination high-speed Raman imaging combined with multi-Armed bandit algorithm in reinforcement learning 9

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Fast and accurate discrimination high-speed Raman imaging co...

High-Speed Biomedical Imaging and Spectroscopy IX 2024

作者： Tabata, Koji Kawagoe, Hiroyuki Kubo, Toshiki Taylor, James N. Mochizuki, Kentaro Clement, Jean-Emmanuel Kumamoto, Yasuaki Harada, Yoshinori Nakamura, Atsuyoshi Fujita, Katsumasa Komatsuzaki, Tamiki Research Center of Mathematics for Social Creativity Research Institute for Electronic Science Hokkaido University Kita 20 Nishi 10 Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido Japan Hokkaido University Kita 21 Nishi 10 Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido Japan Department of Applied Physics Osaka University 2-1 Yamadaoka Suita Osaka Japan Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation Graduate School of Medical Science Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Kajii-cho Kawaramachi-Hirokoji Kamigyo Kyoto Kyoto Japan Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives Osaka University Yamadaoka Suita Osaka Japan Graduate School of Information Science and Technology Hokkaido University Kita 14 Nishi 9 Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido Japan Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory AIST-Osaka University Yamadaoka Suita Osaka Japan Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Materials Chemistry Engineering Course Hokkaido University Kita 13 Nishi 8 Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido Japan The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research Osaka University Mihogaoka Ibaraki 8-1 Osaka Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781510669659

We propose a method that combines high-speed Raman imaging with a machine learning technique, multi-Armed bandit, to achieve rapid and accurate identification of samples under observation. First, our method dvides the field of view of the sample into small sections, and it returns either 'positive' or 'negative' based on whether the sections with high anomaly indices exceed a certain proportion. Moreover, the points to be measured are determined dynamically and automatically generating a series of optimal illumination patterns. © COPYRIGHT SPIE. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

关键词： Reinforcement learning

Utilizing probabilistic entanglement between sensors in quantum networks

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Van Milligen, Emily A. Gagatsos, Christos N. Kaur, Eneet Towsley, Don Guha, Saikat Department of Physics The University of Arizona 1630 East University Boulevard TucsonAZ85721 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Arizona 1630 East University Boulevard TucsonAZ85721 United States Wyant College of Optical Sciences The University of Arizona 1630 East University Boulevard TucsonAZ85721 United States Program in Applied Mathematics The University of Arizona TucsonAZ85721 United States Cisco Quantum Lab Los Angeles United States College of Computer Science University of Massachusetts AmherstMA United States

One of the most promising applications of quantum networks is entanglement assisted sensing. The field of quantum metrology exploits quantum correlations to improve the precision bound for applications such as precision timekeeping, field sensing, and biological imaging. When measuring multiple spatially distributed parameters, current literature focuses on quantum entanglement in the discrete variable case—and quantum squeezing in the continuous variable case distributed amongst all of the sensors in a given network. However, it can be difficult to ensure all sensors pre-share entanglement of sufficiently high fidelity. This work probes the space between fully entangled and fully classical sensing networks by modeling a star network with probabilistic entanglement generation that is attempting to estimate the average of local parameters. The quantum Fisher information is used to determine which protocols best utilize entanglement as a resource for different network conditions. It is shown that without entanglement distillation there is a threshold fidelity below which classical sensing is preferable. For a network with a given number of sensors and links characterized by a certain initial fidelity and probability of success, this work outlines when and how to use entanglement, when to store it, and when it needs to be distilled. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Quantum entanglement

Trends in bimetallic nanomaterials and methods for fourth-generation glucose sensors

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TrAC - Trends in Analytical Chemistry 2023年 162卷

作者： Naikoo, Gowhar A. Arshad, Fareeha Hassan, Israr U. Omar, Fatima Ba Tambuwala, Murtaza M. Mustaqeem, Mujahid Saleh, Tawfik A. Department of Mathematics and Sciences College of Arts and Applied Sciences Dhofar University SalalahPC 211 Oman College of Engineering Dhofar University SalalahPC 211 Oman Lincoln Medical School University of Lincoln Brayford Pool Campus LincolnLN6 7TS United Kingdom Department of Chemistry National Taiwan University No. 1 Section 4 Roosevelt Road Taipei10617 Taiwan Nano-Science and Technology Program Taiwan International Graduate Program Institute of Physic Academia Sinica Taipei106 Taiwan Department of Chemistry King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Dhahran31261 Saudi Arabia

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most rapidly rising chronic diseases around the globe. To combat these rising numbers, active research has been done in recent years to enhance the sensitivity, selectivity, and specificity of glucose biosensors. Despite the easy availability of these enzymatic glucose sensors, these have demonstrated limitations like low stability, short shelf-life, and being easily altered by physical and chemical environmental factors. To overcome these limitations, non-enzymatic sensors, also called fourth-generation glucose sensors, have been developed. These sensors use nanomaterials and do not employ any enzymes therefore exhibit better shelf life, improved sensitivity, and allow for quick detection of glucose without needing additional steps. In recent years, bimetallic nanocomposite-based fourth-generation glucose sensors have gained widespread attention from the scientific community. Owing to the synergistic effect of two distinct metal nanomaterials, these sensors show enhanced reproducibility and excellent stability as compared to monometallic nanomaterials. In this review, we aim to represent a comprehensive overview of the recent developments in the development of bimetallic nanocomposite-based glucose sensors for rapid and accurate glucose detection. After a brief introduction, we discussed the various bimetallic nanomaterials developed in recent years, followed by a discussion on the mechanism of action of such sensors. We then briefly discussed the industrial challenges of developing such sensors and discussed the advantages and disadvantages of bimetallic nanomaterial-based sensors. We finally concluded the review by highlighting the future perspectives of this new and upcoming field. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Glucose sensors

Room-temperature quantum sensing with photoexcited triplet electrons in organic crystals

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Singh, Harpreet D’Souza, Noella Zhong, Keyuan Druga, Emanuel Oshiro, Julianne Blankenship, Brian Montis, Riccardo Reimer, Jeffrey A. Breeze, Jonathan D. Ajoy, Ashok Department of Chemistry University of California Berkeley BerkeleyCA94720 United States Department of Physics Guru Nanak Dev University Punjab Amritsar143005 India Chemical Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA94720 United States Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States Department of Pure and Applied Science University of Urbino Carlo Bo UrbinoI-61029 Italy Materials Science Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA94720 United States Department of Physics & Astronomy University College London Gower Street LondonWC1E 6BT United Kingdom CIFAR Azrieli Global Scholars Program 661 University Ave TorontoONM5G 1M1 Canada

Quantum sensors have notably advanced high-sensitivity magnetic field detection. Here, we report quantum sensors constructed from polarized spin-triplet electrons in photoexcited organic chromophores, specifically focusing on pentacene-doped para-terphenyl (≈0.1%). We demonstrate essential quantum sensing properties at room temperature (RT): optically-generated electronic polarization and state-dependent fluorescence contrast, by leveraging differential pumping and relaxation rates between triplet and ground states. We measure high optically-detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) contrast ≈16.8% of the triplet states at RT, along with long coherence times under spin echo and CPMG sequences, T2=2.7μs and T2DD=18.4μs, respectively, limited only by the triplet lifetimes. The material offers several advantages for quantum sensing, including the ability to grow large (cm-scale) crystals at low cost, absence of paramagnetic impurities, and electronic diamagnetism when not optically illuminated. Utilizing pentacene as a representative of a broader class of spin triplet- polarizable organic molecules, this study highlights new potential for quantum sensing in chemical systems. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Crystal impurities

Integrating of electrocoagulation process with submerged membrane bioreactor for wastewater treatment under low voltage gradients

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Chemosphere 2023年第1期339卷 139693页

作者： Bani-Melhem, Khalid Elektorowicz, Maria Tawalbeh, Muhammad Al Bsoul, Abeer El Gendy, Ahmed Kamyab, Hesam Yusuf, Mohammad . Qatar University P.O. Box 2713 Doha Qatar Dept. of Building Civil and Environmental Engineering Concordia University 1455 Blvd de Maisonneuve W. MontrealQCH3G 1M8 Canada Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engineering Department University of Sharjah P.O. Box 27272 Sharjah United Arab Emirates Sustainable Energy & Power Systems Research Centre RISE University of Sharjah P.O. Box 27272 Sharjah United Arab Emirates Al-Balqa Applied University Al-Huson University College Department of Chemical Engineering Jordan Environmental Engineering Program Department of Construction and Architectural Engineering School of Sciences and Engineering The American University in Cairo New Cairo Egypt Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism UTE University Calle Rumipamba S/N and Bourgeois Quito Ecuador Department of Biomaterials Saveetha Dental College and Hospital Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Chennai600 077 India Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Skudai Malaysia Institute of Hydrocarbon Recovery Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Perak Bandar Seri Iskandar32610 Malaysia

Treating and reusing wastewater has become an essential aspect of water management worldwide. However, the increase in emerging pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are presented in wastewater from various sources like industry, roads, and household waste, makes their removal difficult due to their low concentration, stability, and ability to combine with other organic substances. Therefore, treating a low load of wastewater is an attractive option. The study aimed to address membrane fouling in the submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR) used for wastewater treatment. An aluminum electrocoagulation (EC) device was combined with SMBR as a pre-treatment to reduce fouling. The EC-SMBR process was compared with a conventional SMBR without EC, fed with real grey water. To prevent impeding biological growth, low voltage gradients were utilized in the EC deviceThe comparison was conducted over 60 days with constant transmembrane pressure and infinite solid retention time (SRT). In phase I, when the EC device was operated at a low voltage gradient (0.64 V/cm), no significant improvement in the pollutants removal was observed in terms of color, turbidity, and chemical oxygen demand (COD). Nevertheless, during phase II, a voltage gradient of 1.26 V/cm achieved up to 100%, 99.7%, 92%, 94.1%, and 96.5% removals in the EC-SMBR process in comparison with 95.1%, 95.4%, 85%, 91.7% and 74.2% removals in the SMBR process for turbidity, color, COD, ammonia nitrogen (NH3–N), total phosphorus (TP), respectively. SMBR showed better anionic surfactant (AS) removal than EC-SMBR. A voltage gradient of 0.64 V/cm in the EC unit significantly reduced fouling by 23.7%, while 1.26 V/cm showed inconsistent results. Accumulation of Al ions negatively affected membrane performance. Low voltage gradients in EC can control SMBR fouling if Al concentration is controlled. Future research should investigate EC-SMBR with constant membrane flux for large-scale applications, cons

关键词： chemical oxygen demand

Tuning cooperative behavior in games with nonlinear opinion dynamics

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Park, Shinkyu Bizyaeva, Anastasia Kawakatsu, Mari Franci, Alessio Leonard, Naomi Ehrich Computer Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division Thuwal23955-6900 Saudi Arabia Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Mathematics Department National Autonomous University of Mexico Mexico City04510 Mexico

We examine the tuning of cooperative behavior in repeated multi-agent games using an analytically tractable, continuous-time, nonlinear model of opinion dynamics. Each modeled agent updates its real-valued opinion about each available strategy in response to payoffs and other agent opinions, as observed over a network. We show how the model provides a principled and systematic means to investigate behavior of agents that select strategies using rationality and reciprocity, key features of human decision-making in social dilemmas. For two-strategy games, we use bifurcation analysis to prove conditions for the bistability of two equilibria and conditions for the first (second) equilibrium to reflect all agents favoring the first (second) strategy. We prove how model parameters, e.g., level of attention to opinions of others (reciprocity), network structure, and payoffs, influence dynamics and, notably, the size of the region of attraction to each stable equilibrium. We provide insights by examining the tuning of the bistability of mutual cooperation and mutual defection and their regions of attraction for the repeated prisoner's dilemma and the repeated multi-agent public goods game. Our results generalize to games with more strategies, heterogeneity, and additional feedback dynamics, such as those designed to elicit cooperation. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Bifurcation (mathematics)