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Towards a better understanding of the role of Fe cycling in soil for carbon stabilization and degradation

Carbon Research 2022年第1期1卷 1-16页

作者： Song, Xuxin Wang, Pei Van Zwieten, Lukas Bolan, Nanthi Wang, Hailong Li, Xiaomin Cheng, Kuan Yang, Yang Wang, Milan Liu, Tongxu Li, Fangbai National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences Guangdong Academy of Sciences Guangzhou510650 China College of Tourism and Landscape Architecture Guilin University of Technology Guilin541004 China Wollongbar Primary Industries Institute NSW Department of Primary Industries Wollongbar Australia School of Agriculture and Environment The University of Western Australia PerthWA6001 Australia The UWA Institute of Agriculture The University of Western Australia PerthWA6001 Australia School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Foshan University Guangdong Foshan528000 China SCNU Environmental Research Institute Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry South China Normal University Guangzhou510006 China

Iron (Fe) minerals play an important role in stabilizing soil organic carbon (SOC). Fe-mediated SOC protection is mainly achieved through adsorption, co-precipitation, or aggregation. However, newly emerging evidence indicates that the electron transfer role of Fe exerts a crucial influence upon SOC turnover. In this review, we address the pathways of Fe mineral-associated soil organic carbon (Fe-SOC) formation and decomposition, and summarize the Fe-mediated biogeochemical, including redox reactions, and physical processes that control SOC cycling. The reduction of Fe can release SOC from Fe-SOC coprecipitates and Fe(III) cemented micro-aggregates, with the process also releasing CO2 from the metabolic coupling of SOC oxidation and Fe reduction. The abiotic oxidation of Fe(II) by oxidants can also oxidize SOC to produce CO2 due to reactive oxygen species production. Therefore, the functional roles of Fe on SOC sequestration may be a double-edged sword, and these processes are rarely explored concurrently. We conclude that the roles of Fe minerals in SOC stability depend on the properties of the Fe mineral, edaphic properties, and anthropogenic influence. We highlight knowledge gaps and promising directions of future research in redox-dynamic environments to optimize carbon storage in soil. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]. © 2022, The Author(s).

关键词： Redox reactions

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Zero-Determinant Strategy in Stochastic Stackelberg Asymmetric Security Game

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Cheng, Zhaoyang Chen, Guanpu Hong, Yiguang Key Laboratory of Systems and Control Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science Beijing100190 China School of Mathematical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China JD Explore Academy *** Inc Beijing100176 China Department of Control Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai201804 China Shanghai Research Institute for Intelligent Autonomous Systems Tongji University Shanghai210201 China

In a stochastic Stackelberg asymmetric security game, the strong Stackelberg equilibrium (SSE) strategy is a popular option for the defender to get the highest utility against an attacker with the best response (BR) strategy. However, the attacker may be a boundedly rational player, who adopts a combination of the BR strategy and a fixed stubborn one. In such a condition, the SSE strategy may not maintain the defensive performance due to the stubborn element. In this paper, we focus on how the defender can adopt the unilateral-control zero-determinate (ZD) strategy to confront the boundedly rational attacker. At first, we verify the existence of ZD strategies for the defender. We then investigate the performance of the defender’s ZD strategy against a boundedly rational attacker, with a comparison of the SSE strategy. Specifically, when the attacker’s strategy is close to the BR strategy, the ZD strategy admits a bounded loss for the defender compared with the SSE strategy. Conversely, when the attacker’s strategy is close to the stubborn strategy, the ZD strategy can bring higher defensive performance for the defender than the SSE strategy does. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Stochastic systems

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SimpleTrack: Rethinking and Improving the JDE Approach for Multi-Object Tracking

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Li, Jiaxin Ding, Yan Wei, Hua-Liang Key Laboratory Of Dynamics And Control Of Flight Vehicle Ministry Of Education School Of Aerospace Engineering Beijing Institute Of Technology Beijing100081 China Department Of Automatic Control And Systems Engineering University Of Sheffield SheffieldS1 3JD United Kingdom

Joint detection and embedding (JDE) based methods usually estimate bounding boxes and embedding features of objects with a single network in Multi-Object Tracking (MOT). In the tracking stage, JDE-based methods fuse the target motion information and appearance information by applying the same rule, which could fail when the target is briefly lost or blocked. To overcome this problem, we propose a new association matrix, the Embedding and Giou matrix, which combines embedding cosine distance and Giou distance of objects. To further improve the performance of data association, we develop a simple, effective tracker named SimpleTrack, which designs a bottom-up fusion method for Re-identity and proposes a new tracking strategy based on our EG matrix. The experimental results indicate that SimpleTrack has powerful data association capability, e.g., 61.6 HOTA and 76.3 IDF1 on MOT17. In addition, we apply the EG matrix to 5 different state-of-the-art JDEbased methods and achieve significant improvements in IDF1, HOTA and IDsw metrics, and increase the tracking speed of these methods by about 20%. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Embeddings

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Investigation of Silver Nanoparticles Interaction with Human Proteins (Igg & Fib)

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Li, Yanli Wang, Xunhao Zhang, Jie Wu, Zhichao State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai200092 China Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering University of California RiversideCA92521 United States

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been extensively investigated and used in various areas due to their excellent antimicrobial and unique optical properties. When NPs and their derivatives encounter a physiological environment (e.g., blood, plasma, or interstitial fluid), they will be rapidly encapsulated by proteins existing in the biological fluids, which will form a type of nanoparticle called protein corona (PC). During this process, the protein type, concentration, and ratio of two proteins (IgG and Fib) were altered. The goal of this study is to understand the physicochemical reactions in the system. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and multi-barreled light scattering (Turbiscan) are two major techniques used in this study. Our results show that at low ionic strength, separated segments of IgG preferentially adsorbed on the surface of AgNPs and played a bridging role in increasing AgNPs aggregation. However, highly self-association Fib preferentially adsorbed and played a net capture role in decreasing the aggregation. When both proteins were present, the reverse inhibitory effect of Fib was more advantageous than the forward promoting effect of IgG. At high ionic strength, IgG and Fib could cooperate to inhibit AgNPs aggregation while Fib had greater effect than IgG. Moreover, with a small amount of protein existing in the system, a stable PC did not form in a short time. In contrast, with a high amount of protein, a stable PC formed within 10 min. The movement of protein molecules around AgNPs corona was more vigorous when there was a higher amount of protein in the system. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Proteins

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Generative Artificial Intelligence Assisted Wireless Sensing: Human Flow Detection in Practical Communication Environments

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Wang, Jiacheng Du, Hongyang Niyato, Dusit Xiong, Zehui Kang, Jiawen Ai, Bo Han, Zhu Kim, Dong In School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore639798 Singapore Pillar of Information Systems Technology and Design Singapore University of Technology and Design Singapore China Ministry of Education Guangzhou510006 China State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety Beijing Engineering Research Center of High-Speed Railway Broadband Mobile Communications Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing100044 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Houston HoustonTX77004 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Suwon16419 Korea Republic of

Groundbreaking applications such as ChatGPT have heightened research interest in generative artificial intelligence (GAI). Essentially, GAI excels not only in content generation but also signal processing, offering support for wireless sensing. Hence, we introduce a novel GAI-assisted human flow detection system (G-HFD). Rigorously, G-HFD first uses the channel state information (CSI) to estimate the velocity and acceleration of propagation path length change of the human induced reflection (HIR). Then, given the strong inference ability of the diffusion model, we propose a unified weighted conditional diffusion model (UW-CDM) to denoise the estimation results, enabling detection of the number of targets. Next, we use the CSI obtained by a uniform linear array with wavelength spacing to estimate the HIR’s time of flight and direction of arrival (DoA). In this process, UW-CDM solves the problem of ambiguous DoA spectrum, ensuring accurate DoA estimation. Finally, through clustering, G-HFD determines the number of subflows and the number of targets in each subflow, i.e., the subflow size. The evaluation based on practical downlink communication signals shows G-HFD’s accuracy of subflow size detection can reach 91%. This validates its effectiveness and underscores the significant potential of GAI in the context of wireless sensing. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Artificial intelligence

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Fully Automated Bi-Hormonal Intraperitoneal Artificial Pancreas Using a Two-Layer PID control Scheme

Fully Automated Bi-Hormonal Intraperitoneal Artificial Pancr...

引用

European control Conference (ECC)

作者： Jana Langholz Karim Davari Benam Bindu Sharan Sebastien Gros Anders Lyngvi Fougner Institute of Control Systems Technical University of Hamburg Eißendorfer Straße 40 Hamburg Germany Department of Engineering Cybernetics Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) O. S. Bragstads Plass 2D Trondheim Norway

Treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus is significantly improved by using commercially available hybrid closed-loop systems to deliver insulin. These systems, also called artificial pancreas (AP), use the subcutaneous (SC) route to deliver insulin. However, meal announcements are necessary due to the slow insulin absorption from the SC tissue. Thus due to the need for human intervention, it is called “hybrid closed loop” AP. In this work, a bi-hormonal AP with intraperitoneal (IP) infusion is designed to increase the time within the range of 3.9-10.0 mmol/l and alleviate the burden of meal announcements. A two-layer controller is designed to provide safe and effective insulin and glucagon delivery. The primary layer is based on classical PID controllers for insulin and glucagon, and the supervisory layer includes four parts: (A) Zone-based control settings, (B) Extrapolation of sensor data to compensate for sensor delay in SC tissue, (C) Auto-tuning of the PID parameters in the primary layer through simulation in an animal model, and (D) Safety barriers. The controller is designed to prevent hypoglycemia after meals and during physical activity, as well as prevent postprandial hyperglycemia. The designed AP achieved 92.5% of the time within the range of 3.9-10.0 mmol/l on a simulator trained on data from animal experiments. The results indicate that this two-layer control structure with IP infusions makes it feasible to achieve a fully automated artificial pancreas without the need for meal announcements, i.e. without human intervention.

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Fault Diagnosis Strategy for Few Shot Industrial Process Based on Data Augmentation and Depth Information Extraction

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Tian, Ying Xiang, Xin Peng, Xin Zhong, Yin Zhang, Wei Department of control science and Engineering School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai200093 China Key Laboratory of Advanced Control and Optimization for Chemical Processes Ministry of Education East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai200237 China

Data based intelligent fault diagnosis method is an important tool for ensuring the stability of industrial process. However, in the actual industrial process, due to the difficulty of feature extraction and the lack of labeled fault data, it is hard to form a fault diagnosis model with good performance. To address this problem, the Self-Attention embedded Generative Adversarial Networks combined with the Residual Network(SAGAN-ResNet) is proposed in this study. Firstly, to handle the lack of the fault data, the data enhancement method which consists of Self-Attention embedded generator and discriminator is adopted. Then, to extract the feature for better diagnosis performance, based on the augmented training dataset, Residual Network (ResNet) is introduced. Finally, the proposed method is compared with others, the results show that proposed method has advantages in the case of complex process fault diagnosis with few shot industrial data. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Failure analysis

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A Research of Operation Stability of Overhead Transmission Lines' Relay Protection Algorithms, Which are Based on Travelling Wave Principle 3

A Research of Operation Stability of Overhead Transmission L...

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3rd International Youth Scientific and Technical Conference Relay Protection and Automation, RPA 2020

作者： Kutumov, Yu.D. Ivanovo State Power Engineering University Automatic Control of Electrical Power Systems Department Ivanovo Russia

ISBN: (数字)9781665404631

ISBN: (纸本)9781665404631

The characteristic of the problem, relevance of the paper. At the present time in electric power industry a concept of intelligent electrical power system is realized. A key component of this system is a digital substation. One of the main tasks of digital substation equipment is realization of effective relay protection and network automation devices. Relatively new phenomenon in this field is relay protection devices, which are based on travelling wave parameters measurement. A very important characteristic of relay protection devices (especially for extra-high voltage transmission lines of 330-750 kV) is their speed-of-response. The usage of travelling wave-based principle will allow to limit speed-of-response only by travelling wave propagation time along a protected transmission line. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Electric lines

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Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation Towards Tetracycline Triggered by Z-Scheme Znsno3/Agi Composites: The Synergistic Effect of Oxygen Vacancies, Lewis Acid Sites, and Interfacial chemical Bonds

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Sun, Jing Chang, Ting Liu, Qian Wang, Zhuoyue Huo, Xiaoqi Li, Meifeng Wang, Yafeng Zhao, Zhilei Zhao, Xin Wang, TingXin Liu, Jue National&Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Metrology Instrument and System College of Quality and Technical Supervision Hebei University Baoding071002 China Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering University of Alberta EdmontonT6G2R3 Canada Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering Kunming University of Science &Technology Kunming650500 China

chemically bonded Z-scheme ZnSnO3/AgI composites rich in oxygen vacancies (OVs) and Lewis acid sites were prepared successfully and showed excellent photocatalytic activities. Especially, ZnAg-2 degraded 96.1% tetracycline under visible light irradiation for 15 min. OVs contributed to Lewis acid sites production and interfacial chemical bonds formation through weakening the metal-O bonding. Lewis acid sites favored the adsorption of electron-rich tetracycline. Interfacial chemical bonds together with Z-scheme structure accelerated electron transfer and retained the high redox ability of ZnSnO3 and AgI. OVs contributed to singlet oxygen (1O2) production through facilitating the energy transfer from triplet exciton to O2. ZnSnO3/AgI composites realized efficient removal towards tetracycline after five consecutive cycles utilization as well as in different environmental conditions and water matrices, showing practical application potential. Based on ROSs generation and photoreduction experiment, the photocatalytic mechanism of the ZnAg composites was proposed. Possible degradation pathway was deduced according to the detected main degradation intermediates. The biological toxicity in solution was reduced after tetracycline degradation. This work highlights the significant roles of OVs, Lewis acid sites, and chemical bonding in improving the photocatalytic activity of Z-scheme composites and provides new insight into designing high efficient photocatalysts for visible light induced organic pollutants removal. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Zinc compounds

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Reactor Design Via Scan Line Patterning: An Implicit Approach to Create Scalable Microstructured Parts in Selective Laser Melting

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Limper, Alexander Brodersen, Anselm Zaio, Francesca Ambrosetti, Matteo Linkhorst, John Chemical Process Engineering AVT.CVT RWTH Aachen University Forckenbeckstraße 51 Aachen52074 Germany Process Engineering of Electrochemical Systems Department of Mechanical Engineering Technical University of Darmstadt Otto-Berndt-Str. 2 Darmstadt64287 Germany Politecnico di Milano Dipartimento di Energia Via Lambruschini 4 Milano20156 Italy

The adaptation of additive manufacturing for chemical flow reactors has recently gained momentum as the methods become more advanced and equipment is increasingly *** the design of periodic open cellular structures (POCS) from metal selective laser melting (SLM), structured catalyst substrates can be realized in a much more ordered fashion than well-established metal foams with a random ***, tailored transport properties are achieved and flow profiles are homogenized, eliminating flow channeling and stagnant flow zones. However, with current SLM methods, the minimal achievable feature size and therewith the specific surface area is still limited. Moreover, the size of finely resolved STL files that define the structure grows exponentially with decreasing feature sizes, further limiting the scalability of methods with direct structure definition. In this work, we present a method for implicit strucutre design by metal SLM with specific surface areas and porosities that compete with established catalyst *** definition of the microstructure is realized by control of the laser scan lines, where single scan lines create fine struts. The general applicability of our method to various metal materials is demonstrated by production from stainless steel and copper. In a numerical study for a model steam reforming application, we show that the POCS provide mass transfer coefficients and volumetric reaction rates that compete with benchmark substrates. Scan line patterning therefore provides a promising method to create highly ordered, well-scalable substrates for heterogeneous catalysis from a wide range of materials, e.g., for the application in highly efficient small-scale reactors. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Substrates

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