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Anomaly Based Camera Prioritization in Large Scale Surveillance Networks

Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第2期70卷 2171-2190页

作者： Altaf Hussain Khan Muhammad Hayat Ullah Amin Ullah Ali Shariq Imran Mi Young Lee Seungmin Rho Muhammad Sajjad Department of Software Sejong University143-747SeoulKorea Digital Image Processing Lab Islamia College Peshawar25000Pakistan Color Lab Department of Computer ScienceNorwegian University of Science and Technology(NTNU)2815GjovikNorway CORIS Institute Oregon State University97331OregonUSA

Digital surveillance systems are ubiquitous and continuously generate massive amounts of data,and manual monitoring is required in order to recognise human activities in public *** surveillance systems that can automatically identify normal and abnormal activities are highly desirable,as these would allow for efficient monitoring by selecting only those camera feeds in which abnormal activities are *** paper proposes an energy-efficient camera prioritisation framework that intelligently adjusts the priority of cameras in a vast surveillance network using feedback from the activity recognition *** proposed system addresses the limitations of existing manual monitoring surveillance systems using a three-step *** the first step,the salient frames are selected from the online video stream using a frame differencing method.A lightweight 3D convolutional neural network(3DCNN)architecture is applied to extract spatio-temporal features from the salient frames in the second ***,the probabilities predicted by the 3DCNN network and the metadata of the cameras are processed using a linear threshold gate sigmoid mechanism to control the priority of the *** proposed system performs well compared to state-of-theart violent activity recognition methods in terms of efficient camera prioritisation in large-scale surveillance *** experiments and an evaluation of activity recognition and camera prioritisation showed that our approach achieved an accuracy of 98%with an F1-score of 0.97 on the Hockey Fight dataset,and an accuracy of 99%with an F1-score of 0.98 on the Violent Crowd dataset.

关键词： Camera prioritisation surveillance networks convolutional neural network computer vision deep learning resource-constrained device violent activity recognition

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Estimating intrinsic image from successive images by solving underdetermined and overdetermined systems of the dichromatic model 1

Estimating intrinsic image from successive images by solving...

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1st International Conference on Machine Vision and image processing, MVIP 2020

作者： Ansari, Keivan Krebs, Alexandre Benezeth, Yannick Marzani, Franck ImViA Université de Bourgogne Dijon France Dept. Color Imaging and Color Image Processing Institute for Color Science and Technology Tehran Iran

Estimating an intrinsic image from a sequence of successive images taken from an object at different angles of illumination can be used in various applications such as objects recognition, color classification, and the like;because, in so doing, it can provide more visual information. Meanwhile, according to the well-known dichromatic model, each image can be considered a linear combination of three components, including intrinsic image, shading factor, and specularity. In this study, at first, two simple independent constrained and parallelized quadratic programming steps were used for computing values of the shading factor and the specularity of each successive of images. In the algorithm mentioned above, only the mean and standard deviation of three channels for each pixel are required to solve the underdetermined problem of the dichromatic model equations. Then, the singular value decomposition method was used to estimate a unique intrinsic image through the values of the shading factor and the specularity of each of the images that constitute an overdetermined problem. The results of the successive reconstructed images using the estimated unique intrinsic image showed an increase in the visual assessment quality and color gamut of the final images. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Singular value decomposition

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Fluorescence and Opalescence of Two Dental Composite Resins

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European Journal of Dentistry 2019年第4期13卷 527-534页

作者： Tabatabaei, Masoomeh Hasani Nahavandi, Alireza Mahmoudi Khorshidi, Sotude Hashemikamangar, Sedighe Sadat Department of Operative Dentistry Dental School Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Color Imaging and Color Image Processing Department Institute for Color Science and Technology (ICST) Tehran Iran Department of Operative Dentistry Tehran University of Medical Science Tehran Iran

Objective Lifelike esthetic appearance of dental restorations is among the main goals in restorative dentistry. This study aimed to assess and compare the opalescence and fluorescence of two dental composite resins. Materials and Methods This in vitro experimental study evaluated the A2 shade of Filtek Z350 XT Enamel, Filtek Z350 XT Dentin, Aelite Aesthetic Enamel, and Aelite All Purpose Body composite resins. Composite discs were fabricated with 10 mm diameter and 0.5 and 1 mm thicknesses (n = 2) using a plexiglass mold and subjected to colorimetry. The color parameters were determined according to the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) L∗a∗b∗ system using a spectrophotometer. The fluorescence and opalescence were also measured and reported separately for 0.5 and 1 mm thicknesses of Z350, Aelite Body, and Enamel composite resins. To determine the opalescence, the color of samples in the reflectance mode was measured using a calibration cylinder and in the transmittance mode in presence of 100% ultraviolet (UV) light. To determine the fluorescence, the color of samples against a white background in the reflectance mode in presence or absence of 100% UV light was measured. Statistical Analysis Data were analyzed using SPSS via three-way analysis of variance and independent t -test. Results The fluorescence of 0.5 mm thickness of all composites was higher than that of 1 mm thickness (p < 0.05). The fluorescence of Aelite was higher than that of Z350 (p < 0.05). The fluorescence of Aelite Enamel was higher than that of Aelite Body irrespective of their thickness, but the results were opposite for Z350 (p < 0.05). In Aelite composite, opalescence increased by an increase in thickness (p < 0.05). The opalescence of Aelite was significantly higher than that of Z350 (p < 0.05). The opalescence of 0.5 mm thickness of Aelite Enamel was higher than that of Aelite Body, while the opalescence of 1 mm thickness of Z350 Body was higher than that of Z350 Enamel (p < 0.

关键词： composite resins fluorescence opalescence spectrophotometry

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A Pilot Study on Iranian Skin color

A Pilot Study on Iranian Skin Color

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2018 Colour and Visual Computing Symposium, CVCS 2018

作者： Ansari-Asl, Majid Ansari, Keivan Color Imaging Laboratory University of Granada E-Granada Spain Department of Color Imaging Color Image Processing Iranian Institute for Color Science and Technology Tehran Iran

ISBN: (纸本)9781538656457

Accurate measurement of the human skin color is very important in many multidisciplinary applications such as medicine for diagnostic purposes and prostheses color matching, cosmetology for makeup and skin care, computer graphics for skin rendering, and computer vision for skin detection and tracking. It must be noted that in a previous study we found that the Iranian skin colors are not truly encompassed by the Pantone SkinTone Guide, so the present study was carried out. In this research, a pilot dataset of Iranian skin color was collected to analyze its properties due to the variations in different parameters which affect the skin color and also to compare Iranian skin color gamut with different international ethnicities. The skin spectral data for a group of 60 subjects were taken at three reference locations on the face: the forehead, the left cheek, and the right cheek. The measurements were done using a spectrophotometer after filling in a questionnaire consists of a consent form in addition to name, gender, age, parent ethnicities, and blood type of the individuals. Afterward, the spectral data were converted into L∗ (Lightness), a∗ (Redness) and b∗ (Yellowness) color coordinates. These coordinate values of skin colors were analyzed according to gender, age, body part, and blood type. The results showed variations in skin color due to gender, age, body part, and ethnicity differences. Iranian males are found to have a little darker and more reddish and yellowish skin than females, and it is reported that the age increase causes a decrease in lightness and yellowness and an increase in redness for the collected data. Moreover, cheeks are identified lighter and less reddish than foreheads. A comprehensive skin color gamut is presented for Iranian population which can be used to develop a national skin color guide. © 2018 IEEE.

关键词： color matching

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Efficacy of a Novel Bioactive Glass-Polymer Composite for Enamel Remineralization following Erosive Challenge

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DENTISTRY 2022年第0期2022卷 6539671页

作者： Fallahzadeh, Farnoosh Heidari, Soolmaz Najafi, Farhood Hajihasani, Maryam Noshiri, Nooshin Nazari, Neda F. Department of Operative Dentistry Faculty of Dentistry Qazvin University of Medical Sciences Qazvin Iran Department of Operative Dentistry Dental Caries Prevention Research Center Qazvin University of Medical Sciences Qazvin Iran Department of Resin and Additives Institute for Color Science and Technology P.O. Box: 16765-654 Tehran Iran Postgraduate Student of Operative Dentistry Student Research Committee Qazvin University of Medical Sciences Qazvin Iran Medical Image Processing Laboratory Alzahra University Tehran Iran Sharif University of Technology Central Lab Tehran Iran

Introduction. Dental caries is the most common cause of tooth loss. However, it can be stopped by enhancing remineralization. Fluoride and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) are among the most important remineralizing agents. Recent studies have used bioactive glass as a remineralizing agent in different forms. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of a composite paste (prepared by mixing urethane polypropylene glycol oligomer with bioactive glass powder for easier application). Materials and Methods. Enamel disks were cut out of the buccal surface of extracted sound third molars. The samples were randomly divided into 3 groups of 15 and underwent Vickers microhardness test. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (FESEM/EDS) were performed. All samples were immersed in a demineralizing solution for 14 days. The tests were then repeated. Next, bioactive glass paste, fluoride, and CPP-ACP were applied on the surface of the samples and they were then stored in an artificial saliva for 14 days. The tests were repeated again. The microhardness values were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA followed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test (P < 0.05). Results. The microhardness of the bioactive glass group was significantly higher than that of other groups (P < 0.05). XRD revealed an enamel structure more similar to sound enamel in the bioactive glass and CPP-ACP groups compared with the fluoride group. FESEM/EDS revealed higher hydroxyapatite deposition in the bioactive glass group than in the other two groups. Conclusions. All three remineralizing agents caused remineralization, but bioactive glass paste had a greater efficacy.

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A Pilot Study on Iranian Skin color

A Pilot Study on Iranian Skin Color

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Colour and Visual Computing Symposium

作者： Majid Ansari-Asl Keivan Ansari Color Imaging Laboratory University of Granada Granada Spain Department of Color Imaging & Color Image Processing Iranian Institute for Color Science and Technology Tehran Iran

Accurate measurement of the human skin color is very important in many multidisciplinary applications such as medicine for diagnostic purposes and prostheses color matching, cosmetology for makeup and skin care, computer graphics for skin rendering, and computer vision for skin detection and tracking. It must be noted that in a previous study we found that the Iranian skin colors are not truly encompassed by the Pantone SkinTone Guide, so the present study was carried out. In this research, a pilot dataset of Iranian skin color was collected to analyze its properties due to the variations in different parameters which affect the skin color and also to compare Iranian skin color gamut with different international ethnicities. The skin spectral data for a group of 60 subjects were taken at three reference locations on the face: the forehead, the left cheek, and the right cheek. The measurements were done using a spectrophotometer after filling in a questionnaire consists of a consent form in addition to name, gender, age, parent ethnicities, and blood type of the individuals. Afterward, the spectral data were converted into L* (Lightness), a* (Redness) and b* (Yellowness) color coordinates. These coordinate values of skin colors were analyzed according to gender, age, body part, and blood type. The results showed variations in skin color due to gender, age, body part, and ethnicity differences. Iranian males are found to have a little darker and more reddish and yellowish skin than females, and it is reported that the age increase causes a decrease in lightness and yellowness and an increase in redness for the collected data. Moreover, cheeks are identified lighter and less reddish than foreheads. A comprehensive skin color gamut is presented for Iranian population which can be used to develop a national skin color guide.

关键词： Skin image color analysis Forehead Blood Reflectivity Sociology Statistics

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Spectral band selection using a genetic algorithm based wiener filter estimation method for reconstruction of munsell spectral data 22

Spectral band selection using a genetic algorithm based wien...

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color imaging XXII: Displaying, processing, Hardcopy, and Applications 2017

作者： Ansari, Keivan Thomas, Jean-Baptiste Gouton, Pierre University of Burgundy Bat. Mirande Laboratoire Le2i Dijon France Department of Color Imaging and Color Image Processing Institute for Color Science and Technology Tehran Iran

Spectrophotometers are the common devices for reflectance measurements. However, there are some drawbacks associated with these devices. Price, sample size and physical state are the main difficulties in applying them for reflectance measurement. Spectral estimation using a set of camera-filters is the eligibly solution for avoiding these difficulties. Meanwhile band selection of filters are needed to be optimized in order to apply in imaging systems. In the present study, the Genetic algorithm was applied for finding the best set of three to eight filters combinations with specific FWHM. The algorithm tries to minimize the color difference between reconstructed and actual spectral data, assuming a simulation of imaging system. This imaging system is composed of a CMOS sensor, illuminant and 1269 matt Munsell spectral data set as the object. All simulations were done in visible spectrum. The optimized filter selections were modeled on a CMOS sensor in order to spectral reflectance reconstruction. The results showed no significant improvement after selecting a seven filter set although a descending trend in the color difference errors was obtained with increasing the number of filters. © 2017, Society for imaging Science and Technology.

关键词： imaging systems

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Automatic Defect Detection and Grading of Single-color Fruits Using HSV （Hue, Saturation, Value） color Space

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Journal of Life Sciences 2010年第7期4卷 39-45页

作者： Saeideh Gorji Kandi Department of Color imaging ＆ Color Image Processing Institute for Color Science ＆ Technology Tehran 16765-654 Iran

Machine vision has been recently utilized for quality control of food and agricultural products, which was traditionally done by manual inspection. The present study was an attempt for automatic defect detection and sorting of some single-color fruits such as banana and plum. Fruit images were captured using a color digital camera with capturing direction of zero degree and under illuminant D65. It was observed that growing decay and time-aging made surface color changes in bruised parts of the object. 3D RGB and HSV color vectors as well as a single channel like H （hue）, S （saturation）, V （value） and grey scale images were applied for color quantization of the object. Results showed that there was a distinct threshold in the histogram of the S channel of images which can be applied to separate the object from its background. Moreover, the color change via the defect and time-aging is correctly distinguishable in the hue channel image. The effect of illumination, gloss and shadow of 3D image processing is less noticeable for hue data in comparison to saturation and value. The value of H channel was quantized to five groups based on the difference between each pixel value and the H value of a healthy object. The percentage of different degree of defects can be computed and used for grading the fruits.

关键词： Machine vision HSV color space fruit grading defect detection.

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Camera-supervised monitor shading correction for softproofing systems

Camera-supervised monitor shading correction for softproofin...

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作者： Brauers, Johannes Klein, Julie Hill, Bernhard Aach, Til Institute of Imaging and Computer Vision RWTH Aachen University Templergraben 55 D-52056 Aachen Germany Color and Image Processing Research Group RWTH Aachen University Templergraben 55 D-52056 Aachen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781617388897

A softproofing system is required to faithfully display color images. As the user relies on an appropriate calibration of the system, a method for the evaluation of the quality of the calibration is required. Such a method has recently been developed and allows a critical side-by-side comparison between the original sample and the reproduced monitor image by placing the original directly in front of the monitor. An internal light source of the softproofing system establishes an almost uniform illumination of the target. In this paper, we present a method to spatially equalize the brightness of the monitor with respect to an object placed in front of the monitor. The automatic calibration procedure requires minimal user intervention and utilizes a standard RGB camera in combination with a special calibration target. The results show that the camera enables an accurate and uncomplicated homog-enization of the monitor with respect to the object in front of the monitor.

关键词： Cameras

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Multispectral imaging with flash light sources

Multispectral imaging with flash light sources

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4th European Conference on Colour in Graphics, imaging, and Vision and 10th International Symposium on Multispectral Colour Science, CGIV 2008/MCS'08

作者： Brauers, Johannes Helllng, Stephan Aach, Til Institute of Imaging and Computer Vision RWTH Aachen University Templergraben 55 D-52056 Aachen Germany Color and Image Processing Research Group RWTH Aachen University Templergraben 55 D-52056 Aachen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781605607023

Flash photography is widely used in professional studios due to its high intensities and the resulting short exposure times. However, most multispectral image acquisition systems use continuous light sources. But since flashguns exhibit several advantages over heat light sources, namely high intensities at short firing times, low heat production and small aperture stops, we developed a multispectral flash acquisition system: We use a multispectral camera with a bandpass filter wheel and sequentially acquire grayscale images, which are then combined into a multispectral image. For each filter wheel position, we trigger the flash. The colorimetric analysis of the estimated spectra shows that flash light multispectral imaging performs comparably to a heat light source system, with a mean color error of δEoo = 1.594. We consider several aspects specific to flash light sources, namely the spectrum, repeat accuracy, illumination uniformity, calibration of the system, interference stripes and synchronization. © 2008 Society for imaging Science and Technology.

关键词： Light sources

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