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Here There Be (Dusty) Monsters: High-redshift Active Galactic Nuclei Are Dustier than Their Hosts

The Astrophysical Journal 2025年第2期986卷 177-177页

作者： Madisyn Brooks Raymond C. Simons Jonathan R. Trump Anthony J. Taylor Micaela B. Bagley Bren Backhaus Kelcey Davis Véronique Buat Nikko J. Cleri Alexander de la Vega Steven L. Finkelstein Michaela Hirschmann Benne W. Holwerda Dale D. Kocevski Anton M. Koekemoer Ray A. Lucas Fabio Pacucci Lise-Marie Seillé Department of Physics 196A Auditorium Road Unit 3046 University of Connecticut Storrs CT 06269 USA Department of Engineering and Physics Providence College 1 Cunningham Square Providence RI 02918 USA Department of Astronomy The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX USA Astrophysics Science Division NASA Goddard Space Flight Center 8800 Greenbelt Road Greenbelt MD 20771 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Kansas Lawrence KS 66045 USA Aix Marseille Univ CNRS CNES LAM Marseille France Institut Universitaire de France (IUF) Paris France Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA Institute for Computational and Data Sciences The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA Institute for Gravitation and the Cosmos The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of California 900 University Avenue Riverside CA 92521 USA Cosmic Frontier Center The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX USA Institute of Physics Laboratory of Galaxy Evolution Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Observatoire de Sauverny 1290 Versoix Switzerland Department of Physics University of Louisville Natural Science Building 102 Louisville KY 40292 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Colby College Waterville ME 04901 USA Space Telescope Science Institute 3700 San Martin Drive Baltimore MD 21218 USA Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian 60 Garden Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA Black Hole Initiative Harvard University 20 Garden Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA

JWST spectroscopy has discovered a population of z ≳ 3.5 galaxies with broad Balmer emission lines and narrow forbidden lines that are consistent with hosting active galactic nuclei (AGN). Many of these systems, now known as "little red dots," are compact and have unique colors that are very red in the optical/near-infrared and blue in the ultraviolet. The relative contribution of galaxy starlight and AGN to these systems remains uncertain, especially for the galaxies with unusual blue+red spectral energy distributions. In this work, we use Balmer decrements to measure the independent dust attenuation of the broad and narrow emission-line components of a sample of 29 broad-line AGN identified from three public JWST spectroscopy surveys: CEERS, JADES, and RUBIES. Stacking the narrow components from the spectra of 25 sources with broad Hα and no broad Hβ results in a median narrow Hα/Hβ = $2.4{7}_{-0.05}^{+0.05}$

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Critical mass effect in evolutionary games triggered by zealots

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2019年

作者： Cardillo, Alessio Masuda, Naoki Department of Engineering Mathematics University of Bristol BristolBS8 1UB United Kingdom Department of Computer Science and Mathematics University Rovira i Virgili TarragonaE-43007 Spain University of Zaragoza ZaragozaE-50018 Spain Department of Mathematics University at Buffalo BuffaloNY14260-2900 United States Computational and Data-Enabled Science and Engineering Program University at Buffalo State University of New York BuffaloNY14260-5030 United States

Tiny perturbations may trigger large responses in systems near criticality, shifting them across equilibria. Committed minorities are suggested to be responsible for the emergence of collective behaviors in many physical, social, and biological systems. Using evolutionary game theory, we address the question whether a finite fraction of zealots can drive the system to large-scale coordination. We find that a tipping point exists in coordination games, whereas the same phenomenon depends on the selection pressure, update rule, and network structure in other types of games. Our study paves the way to understand social systems driven by the individuals’ benefit in presence of zealots, such as human vaccination behavior or cooperative transports in animal groups. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Game theory

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Modeling state-transition dynamics in resting-state brain signals by the hidden Markov and Gaussian mixture models

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2020年

作者： Ezaki, Takahiro Himeno, Yu Watanabe, Takamitsu Masuda, Naoki Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology The University of Tokyo 4-6-1 Komaba Meguro-ku Tokyo153-8904 Japan PRESTO JST 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi Saitama332-0012 Japan Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo113-8656 Japan Laboratory for Cognition Circuit Dynamics RIKEN Centre for Brain Science Saitama351-0198 Japan International Research Center for Neurointelligence The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo113-0033 Japan Department of Mathematics State University of New York at Buffalo BuffaloNY14260-2900 United States Computational and Data-Enabled Science and Engineering Program State University of New York at Buffalo BuffaloNY14260-5030 United States

Recent studies have proposed that one can summarize brain activity into dynamics among a relatively small number of hidden states and that such an approach is a promising tool for revealing brain function. Hidden Markov models (HMMs) are a prevalent approach to inferring such neural dynamics among discrete brain states. However, the impact of assuming Markovian structure in neural time series data has not been sufficiently examined. Here, to address this situation and examine the performance of the HMM, we compare the model with the Gaussian mixture model (GMM), which is with no temporal regularization and thus a statistically simpler model than the HMM, by applying both models to synthetic time series generated from empirical resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. We compared the GMM and HMM for various sampling frequencies, lengths of recording per participant, numbers of participants, and numbers of independent component signals. We find that the HMM attains a better accuracy of estimating the hidden state than the GMM in a majority of cases. However, we also find that the accuracy of the GMM is comparable to that of the HMM under the condition that the sampling frequency is reasonably low (e.g., TR = 2.88 or 3.60 s) or the data is relatively short. These results suggest that the GMM can be a viable alternative to the HMM for investigating hidden-state dynamics under this condition. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Hidden Markov models

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A systematic theoretical study on FeOx-supported single-atom catalysts： M1/FeOx for CO oxidation

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Nano Research 2018年第3期11卷 1599-1611页

作者： Jinxia Liang Qi Yu Xiaofeng Yang Tao Zhang Jun Li Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Nano-Material Science Guizhou Synergetic Innovation Center of Scientific Big Data for Advanced Manufacturing Technology Guizhou Education University Guiyang 550018 China Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis Shaanxi University of Technology Hanzhong 723000 China Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China

A single-atom catalyst （SAC） that was first proposed by us in 2011 has aroused significant recent interest. Among the various SACs, FeOx-based ones including Pt1/FeOx, Ir1/FeOx, Au1/FeOx, Ni1/FeOx, and Fe1/FeOx have been investigated either experimentally or theoretically for CO oxidation. However, a systematic study of FeO,-based SACs has not been conducted. For a comprehensive understanding of FeOx-supported single-metal-atom catalysts, extensive density functional theory calculations were carried out on the activities and catalytic mechanisms of SACs with the 3d, 4d, and 5d metals of group VIII to IB, i.e., M1/FeOx （M = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu; Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag; Os, Ir, Pt, Au） for CO oxidation. Remarkably, a new noble metal SAC, Pd1/FeOx, with high activity in CO oxidation was found and is predicted to be even better than the previously reported Pt1/FeOx and Ni1/FeOx. In comparison, other M1/FeOx SACs （M = Fe, Co, Cu; Ru, Rh, Ag; Os, Ir, Au） showed only low activities in CO oxidation. Moreover, the adsorption strength of CO on the single-atom active sites was found to be the key in determining the catalytic activity of these SACs for CO oxidation, because it governs the recoverability of oxygen vacancies on their surfaces in the formation of a second CO2 during CO oxidation. Our systematic studies of FeOx-supported SACs will help in understanding the fundamental mechanisms of the interactions between singly dispersed surface metal atoms and FeOx substrate and in designing highly active FeOx-supported SACs.

关键词： single-atom catalyst M1/FeOx density functional theory heterogeneous catalysis

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Improving solution accuracy and convergence for stochastic physics parameterizations with colored noise

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2019年

作者： Stinis, Panos Lei, Huan Li, Jing Wan, Hui Advanced Computing Mathematics and Data Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory RichlandWA99354 United States Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory RichlandWA99354 United States Department of Computational Mathematics Science and Engineering Department of Statistics and Probability Michigan State University East LansingMI48824 United States

Stochastic parameterizations are used in numerical weather prediction and climate modeling to help capture the uncertainty in the simulations and improve their statistical properties. Convergence issues can arise when time integration methods originally developed for deterministic differential equations are applied naively to stochastic problems. [7, 8] demonstrated that a correction term to various deterministic numerical schemes, known in stochastic analysis as the It^o correction, can help improve solution accuracy and ensure convergence to the physically relevant solution without substantial computational overhead. The usual formulation of the It^o correction is valid only when the stochasticity is represented by white noise. In this study, a generalized formulation of the It^o correction is derived for noises of any color. The formulation is applied to a test problem described by an advection-diffusion equation forced with a spectrum of fast processes. We present numerical results for cases with both constant and spatially varying advection velocities to show that, for the same time step sizes, the introduction of the generalized It^o correction helps to substantially reduce time integration error and significantly improve the convergence rate of the numerical solutions when the forcing term in the governing equation is rough (fast varying);alternatively, for the same target accuracy, the generalized It^o correction allows for the use of significantly longer time steps and hence helps to reduce the computational cost of the numerical *** Codes 65C30, 86A10 Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Advection

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Multi-element siac filter for shock capturing applied to high-order discontinuous galerkin spectral element methods

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2019年

作者： Bohm, Marvin Schermeng, Sven Winters, Andrew R. Gassner, Gregor J. Jacobs, Gustaaf B. Mathematical Institute University of Cologne Weyertal 86-90 Cologne50931 Germany Department of Mathematics Computational Mathematics Linköping University LinköpingSE-581 83 Sweden Department for Mathematics and Computer Science Center for Data and Simulation Science University of Cologne Weyertal 86-90 Cologne50931 Germany Department of Aerospace Engineering San Diego State University 5500 Campanile Drive San DiegoCA92182 United States

We build a multi-element variant of the smoothness increasing accuracy conserving (SIAC) shock capturing technique proposed for single element spectral methods by Wissink et al. [37]. In particular, the baseline scheme of our method is the nodal discontinuous Galerkin spectral element method (DGSEM) for approximating the solution of systems of conservation laws. It is well known that high-order methods generate spurious oscillations near discontinuities which can develop in the solution for nonlinear problems, even when the initial data is smooth. We propose a novel multi-element SIAC filtering technique applied to the DGSEM as a shock capturing method. We design the SIAC filtering such that the numerical scheme remains high-order accurate and that the shock capturing is applied adaptively throughout the domain. The shock capturing method is derived for general systems of conservation laws. We apply the novel SIAC filter to the two-dimensional Euler and ideal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) equations to several standard test problems with a variety of boundary conditions. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Galerkin methods

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computational Approaches to Explainable Artificial Intelligence: Advances Intheory, Applications and Trends

SSRN

引用

SSRN 2023年

作者： Górriz, Juan Manuel Álvarez-Illán, I. Álvarez-Marquina, A. Arco, J.E. Atzmueller, M. Ballarini, F. Barakova, E. Bologna, G. Bonomini, P. Castellanos-Dominguez, G. Castillo-Barnes, D. Cho, S.B. Contreras, R. Cuadra, J.M. Domínguez, E. Domínguez-Mateos, F. Duro, R.J. Elizondo, D. Fernández-Caballero, A. Fernandez-Jover, E. Formoso, M.A. Gallego-Molina, N.J. Gamazo, J. García González, J. Garcia-Rodriguez, J. Garre, C. Garrigós, J. Gómez-Rodellar, A. Gómez-Vilda, P. Graña, M. Guerrero-Rodriguez, B. Hendrikse, S.C.F. Jimenez-Mesa, C. Jodra-Chuan, M. Julian, V. Kotz, G. Kutt, K. Leming, M. de Lope, J. Macas, B. Marrero-Aguiar, V. Martinez, J.J. Martinez-Murcia, F.J. Martínez-Tomás, R. Mekyska, J. Nalepa, G.J. Novais, P. Orellana, D. Ortiz, A. Palacios-Alonso, D. Palma, J. Pereira, A. Pinacho-Davidson, P. Pinninghoff, M.A. Ponticorvo, M. Psarrou, A. Ramírez, J. Rincón, M. Rodellar-Biarge, V. Rodríguez-Rodríguez, I. Roelofsma, P.H.M.P. Santos, J. Salas-Gonzalez, D. Salcedo-Lagos, P. Segovia, F. Shoeibi, A. Silva, M. Simic, D. Suckling, J. Treur, J. Tsanas, A. Varela, R. Wang, S.H. Wang, W. Zhang, Y.D. Zhu, H. Zhu, Z. Ferrández-Vicente, J.M. SiPBA at Data Science and Computational Intelligence Institute University of Granada Granada Spain University of Granada Granada Spain Dept. of Psychiatry University of Cambridge Cambridge United Kingdom Dept. of Communications Engineering University of Malaga Malaga Spain School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences University of Leicester Leicester United Kingdom Semantic Information Systems Group Osnabrück University Osnabrück Germany Osnabrück Germany Dept. of Electronics Computer Technology and Projects Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena Cartagena Spain Universitat Politècnica de València València Spain Institute of Applied Computer Science Jagiellonian University Kraków Poland Dept. of Information and Communication Engineering University of Murcia Murcia Spain Dept. of Computer Science and Information Technologies University of A Coruña A Coruña Spain Dept. of Computer Science University of Oviedo Oviedo Spain Buenos Aires Argentina Buenos Aires Argentina Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven5612 AZ Netherlands Dept. of Computer Science University of Malaga Malaga Spain De Montfort University Leicester United Kingdom Dept. of Computer Science Faculty of Engineering Universidad de Concepción Concepción Chile Neurocognition and Emotion Research Unit Albacete Research Institute of Informatics University of Castilla-La Mancha Albacete Spain Dept. of Educational Informatics Universidad de Concepción Concepción Chile Madrid Spain Dept. of Humanistic Studies University of Naples Federico II Napoli Italy Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Informática Universidad Rey Juan Carlos Campus de Móstoles Móstoles Madrid28933 Spain Neuromorphic Speech Processing Lab Center for Biomedical Technology Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Campus de Montegancedo Pozuelo de Alarcón Madrid28223 Spain Biomedical Research Networking Center in Mental Health Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid28016 Spain Usher Institute Faculty o

Groundbreaking advances in theoretical and applied Artificial Intelligence (AI). DL algorithms are groundedin non-linear and complex artificial neural systems that progressively extract higher-level features from *** is frequently compared with human-level performance in real-world tasks, such as clinical diagnostics. Itis also a turning point in solving otherwise intractable problems in the design of virtual agents or robotics;orin providing novel insight into disease progress in genomics and Neuroimaging (NI), understanding humanbrain function, the automation of industrial processes based on computer vision, and so on. In this paper, themost relevant advances from the last few years in AI and several applications to neuroscience, neuroimaging,computer vision, and robotics are presented, reviewed and discussed. In this way, we summarize the state-ofthe-art in AI methods, models and applications within a collection of works presented at the 9th InternationalConference on the Interplay between Natural and Artificial Computation (IWINAC). The works presentedin this paper are excellent examples of new scientific discoveries made in laboratories that are successfullytransferred to real-life applications. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Neuroimaging

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Classical novae at radio wavelengths

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

作者： Chomiuk, Laura Linford, Justin D. Aydi, Elias Bannister, Keith W. Krauss, Miriam I. Mioduszewski, Amy J. Mukai, Koji Nelson, Thomas J. Rupen, Michael P. Ryder, Stuart D. Sokoloski, Jennifer L. Sokolovsky, Kirill V. Strader, Jay Filipović, Miroslav D. Finzell, Tom Kawash, Adam Kool, Erik C. Metzger, Brian D. Nyamai, Miriam M. Ribeiro, Valério A.R.M. Roy, Nirupam Urquhart, Ryan Weston, Jennifer Center for Data Intensive and Time Domain Astronomy Department of Physics and Astronomy Michigan State University East LansingMI48824 United States National Radio Astronomy Observatory P.O. Box O SocorroNM87801 United States CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science PO Box 76 EppingNSW1710 Australia Pasadena City College 1570 E. Colorado Blvd. PasadenaCA91106 United States Center for Space Science and Technology University of Maryland Baltimore County BaltimoreMD21250 United States CRESST and X-ray Astrophysics Laboratory NASA/GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Pittsburgh 3941 OHara St. PittsburghPA15260 United States Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics National Research Council of Canada PentictonBCV2A 6J9 Canada Department of Physics and Astronomy Macquarie University NSW2109 Australia Macquarie University Research Centre for Astronomy Astrophysics & Astrophotonics SydneyNSW2109 Australia Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory Columbia University New YorkNY United States Sternberg Astronomical Institute Moscow State University Universitetskii pr. 13 Moscow119992 Russia Western Sydney University Locked Bag 1797 Penrith South DCNSW2751 Australia Department of Computational Math Science and Engineering Michigan State University East LansingMI48824 United States The Oskar Klein Centre Department of Astronomy Stockholm University AlbaNova StockholmSE-106 91 Sweden Center for Computational Astrophysics Flatiron Institute 162 W. 5th Avenue New YorkNY10011 United States Department of Astronomy University of Cape Town Private Bag X3 Rondebosch7701 South Africa Instituto de Telecomunicações Campus Universitário de Santiago Aveiro3810-193 Portugal Department of Physics Indian Institute of Science Bangalore560012 India Federated IT 1201 Wilson Blvd 27th Floor ArlingtonVA22209 United States

We present radio observations (1–40 GHz) for 36 classical novae, representing data from over five decades compiled from the literature, telescope archives, and our own programs. Our targets display a striking diversity in their optical parameters (e.g., spanning optical fading timescales, t2 = 1–263 days), and we find a similar diversity in the radio light curves. Using a brightness temperature analysis, we find that radio emission from novae is a mixture of thermal and synchrotron emission, with non-thermal emission observed at earlier times. We identify high brightness temperature emission (TB > 5 × 104 K) as an indication of synchrotron emission in at least 9 (25%) of the novae. We find a class of synchrotron-dominated novae with mildly evolved companions, exemplified by V5589 Sgr and V392 Per, that appear to be a bridge between classical novae with dwarf companions and symbiotic binaries with giant companions. Four of the novae in our sample have two distinct radio maxima (the first dominated by synchrotron and the later by thermal emission), and in four cases the early synchrotron peak is temporally coincident with a dramatic dip in the optical light curve, hinting at a common site for particle acceleration and dust formation. We publish the light curves as tables and encourage use of these data by the broader community in multi-wavelength studies and modeling efforts. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Radio astronomy

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Publisher Correction: Reference component analysis of single-cell transcriptomes elucidates cellular heterogeneity in human colorectal tumors

引用

Nature genetics 2023年第1期55卷 166页

作者： Huipeng Li Elise T Courtois Debarka Sengupta Yuliana Tan Kok Hao Chen Jolene Jie Lin Goh Say Li Kong Clarinda Chua Lim Kiat Hon Wah Siew Tan Mark Wong Paul Jongjoon Choi Lawrence J K Wee Axel M Hillmer Iain Beehuat Tan Paul Robson Shyam Prabhakar Computational and Systems Biology Genome Institute of Singapore Singapore Singapore. Developmental Cellomics Laboratory Genome Institute of Singapore Singapore Singapore. Department of Computer Science and Engineering and Center for Computational Biology Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology Delhi India. Synthetic Biology Genome Institute of Singapore Singapore Singapore. Cancer Therapeutics and Stratified Oncology Genome Institute of Singapore Singapore Singapore. Department of Medical Oncology National Cancer Centre Singapore Singapore Singapore. Department of Pathology Singapore General Hospital Singapore Singapore. Department of Colorectal Surgery Singapore General Hospital Singapore Singapore. Data Analytics Department Institute for Infocomm Research Singapore Singapore. Cancer Therapeutics and Stratified Oncology Genome Institute of Singapore Singapore Singapore. iain.tan.b.h@singhealth.com.sg. Department of Medical Oncology National Cancer Centre Singapore Singapore Singapore. iain.tan.b.h@singhealth.com.sg. Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore Singapore. iain.tan.b.h@singhealth.com.sg. Developmental Cellomics Laboratory Genome Institute of Singapore Singapore Singapore. paul.robson@***. The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine Farmington Connecticut USA. paul.robson@***. Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences Institute for Systems Genomics University of Connecticut Farmington Connecticut USA. paul.robson@***. Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore. paul.robson@***. Computational and Systems Biology Genome Institute of Singapore Singapore Singapore. prabhakars@gis.a-star.edu.sg.

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Small inter-event times govern epidemic spreading on temporal networks

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2019年

作者： Masuda, Naoki Holme, Petter Department of Mathematics University at Buffalo State University of New York BuffaloNY14260-2900 United States Computational and Data-Enabled Science and Engineering Program University at Buffalo State University of New York BuffaloNY14260-5030 United States Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology Yokohama226-8503 Japan

Just like the degrees of human and animal interaction networks, the distribution of the times between interactions is known to often be right-skewed and fat-tailed. Both these distributions affect epidemic dynamics strongly, but, as we show in this Letter, for very different reasons. Whereas the high degrees of the tail are critical for facilitating epidemics, it is the small interevent times that control the dynamics of epidemics. We investigate this effect both analytically and numerically for different versions of the Susceptible-Infected-Recovered model on different types of networks. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Epidemiology

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