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arXiv 2023年

作者： Zhang, Shiyun Jin, Weiwei Wang, Dong Xu, Ding Zhang, Jerry Shattuck, Mark D. O’Hern, Corey S. Department of Physics University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Hefei230026 China Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Benjamin Levich Institute and Physics Department The City College of New York New YorkNY10031 United States Department of Physics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Department of Applied Physics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Graduate Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States

Strain-controlled isotropic compression gives rise to jammed packings of repulsive, frictionless disks with either positive or negative global shear moduli. We carry out computational studies to understand the contributions of the negative shear moduli to the mechanical response of jammed disk packings. We first decompose the ensemble-averaged, global shear modulus as hGi = (1 − F−)hG+i + F−hG−i, where F− is the fraction of jammed packings with negative shear moduli and hG+i and hG−i are the average values from packings with positive and negative moduli, respectively. We show that hG+i and h|G−|i obey different power-law scaling relations above and below pN2 ∼ 1. For pN2 > 1, both hG+iN and h|G−|iN ∼ (pN2)β, where β ∼ 0.5 for repulsive linear spring interactions. Despite this, hGiN ∼ (pN2)β0 with β0 & 0.5 due to the contributions from packings with negative shear moduli. We show further that the probability distribution of global shear moduli P(G) collapses at fixed pN2 and different values of p and N. We calculate analytically that P(G) is a Gamma distribution in the pN2 1 limit. As pN2 increases, the skewness of P(G) decreases and P(G) becomes a skew-normal distribution with negative skewness in the pN2 1 limit. We also partition jammed disk packings into subsystems using Delanunay triangulation of the disk centers to calculate local shear moduli. We show that the local shear moduli defined from groups of adjacent triangles can be negative even when G > 0. The spatial correlation function of local shear moduli C(~r) displays weak correlations for pn2sub −2, where nsub is the number of particles within each subsystem. However, C(~r) begins to develop long-ranged spatial correlations with four-fold angular symmetry for pn2sub & 10−2 © 2023, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Elastic moduli

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Cellulose processing using ionic liquids: An analysis of patents and technological trends

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Heliyon 2024年第20期10卷 e39590页

作者： Vieira, Suellen Rocha Silva, Jania Betânia Alves da Pessôa, Luiggi Cavalcanti Nascimento, Renata Quartieri Galván, Karina Lizzeth Pedraza Souza, Carolina Oliveira de Cardoso, Lucas Guimarães Santana, Jamille Santos Assis, Denilson de Jesus Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering (PPEQ) Polytechnic School Federal University of Bahia (UFBA) Bahia Salvador 40210-630 Brazil Center for Exact and Technological Sciences Collegiate of Mechanical Engineering Federal University of Recôncavo of Bahia (UFRB) Bahia Cruz das Almas 44380-000 Brazil Graduate Program in Biotechnology-Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO) Federal University of Bahia (UFBA) Bahia Salvador 40231-300 Brazil Graduate Program in Food Science (PGAli)–College of Pharmacy Federal University of Bahia (UFBA) Bahia Salvador 40110-100 Brazil Department of Bromatological Analysis College of Pharmacy Federal University of Bahia (UFBA) Bahia Salvador 40110-100 Brazil Department of Engineering University Salvador (UNIFACS) Bahia Salvador 41820-021 Brazil

The production of cellulose derivatives using ionic liquid (IL) as solvents and catalysts has become prominent over the last few years, since the process eliminates the use of toxic substances. This study aimed to map and understand the trends in cellulose processing using ILs by a patent analytic approach and technology life cycle modeling. The documents were searched on the Espacenet® and Orbit® *** majority of innovations have come from companies based in developed countries. The data fitted to the sigmoid BiDoseResp model and the life cycle S-curve showed a market in an early stage of maturity. This mapping brings information that subsidizes decision-making regarding investments, research, and innovations aimed at IL-mediated cellulose treatment. Potential markets mostly use ILs of the imidazolium family in polymer chemistry, machinery, and biotechnology technologies. However, medical and pharmaceutical technologies and microstructure and nanostructure applications are still emerging, fostering perspectives for innovation. © 2024

关键词： Cellulose Dissolution Ionic liquids Mathematical model Patents

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COVID-19 Infected Lung Computed Tomography Segmentation and Supervised Classification Approach

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第7期68卷 391-407页

作者： Aqib Ali Wali Khan Mashwani Samreen Naeem Muhammad Irfan Uddin Wiyada Kumam Poom Kumam Hussam Alrabaiah Farrukh Jamal Christophe Chesneau Department of Computer Science Concordia College BahawalpurBahawalpur63100Pakistan Department of Computer Science&IT Glim Institute of Modern StudiesBahawalpur63100Pakistan Institute of Numerical Sciences Kohat University of Science&TechnologyKohat26000Pakistan Institute of Computing Kohat University of Science and TechnologyKohat26000Pakistan Program in Applied Statistics Department of Mathematics and Computer ScienceFaculty of Science and TechnologyRajamangala University of Technology ThanyaburiThanyaburi12110Thailand Departments of Mathematics Faculty of ScienceCenter of Excellence in Theoretical and Computational Science(TaCS-CoE)&KMUTT Fixed Point Research LaboratoryRoom SCL 802 Fixed Point LaboratoryScience Laboratory BuildingKing Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi(KMUTT)Bangkok10140Thailand Department of Medical Research China Medical University HospitalTaichung40402Taiwan College of Engineering Al Ain UniversityAl Ain64141United Arab Emirates Department of Mathematics Tafila Technical UniversityTafila66110Jordan Department of Statistics The Islamia University of BahawalpurBahawalpur63100Pakistan 11Department of MathematicsUniversitéde CaenLMNOCaen14032France

The purpose of this research is the segmentation of lungs computed tomography(CT)scan for the diagnosis of COVID-19 by using machine learning *** dataset contains data from patients who are prone to the *** contains three types of lungs CT images(Normal,Pneumonia,and COVID-19)collected from two different sources;the first one is the Radiology department of Nishtar Hospital Multan and Civil Hospital Bahawalpur,Pakistan,and the second one is a publicly free available medical imaging database known as *** the preprocessing,a novel fuzzy c-mean automated region-growing segmentation approach is deployed to take an automated region of interest(ROIs)and acquire 52 hybrid statistical features for each ***,12 optimized statistical features are selected via the chi-square feature reduction *** the classification,five machine learning classifiers named as deep learning J4,multilayer perceptron,support vector machine,random forest,and naive Bayes are deployed to optimize the hybrid statistical features *** is observed that the deep learning J4 has promising results(sensitivity and specificity:0.987;accuracy:98.67%)among all the deployed *** a complementary study,a statistical work is devoted to the use of a new statistical model to fit the main datasets of COVID-19 collected in Pakistan.

关键词： COVID-19 machine learning fuzzy c-mean deep learning J4

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Flow and clogging of capillary droplets

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Cheng, Yuxuan Lonial, Benjamin F. Sista, Shivnag Meer, David J. Hofert, Anisa Weeks, Eric R. Shattuck, Mark D. O'Hern, Corey S. Department of Physics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Department of Physics Emory University AtlantaGA30322 United States Benjamin Levich Institute Physics Department The City College of New York New YorkNY10031 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States

Capillary droplets form due to surface tension when two immiscible fluids are mixed. We describe the motion of gravity-driven capillary droplets flowing through narrow constrictions and obstacle arrays in both simulations and experiments. Our new capillary deformable particle model recapitulates the shape and velocity of single oil droplets in water as they pass through narrow constrictions in microfluidic chambers. Using this experimentally validated model, we simulate the flow and clogging of single capillary droplets in narrow channels and obstacle arrays and find several important results. First, the capillary droplet speed profile is nonmonotonic as the droplet exits the narrow orifice, and we can tune the droplet properties so that the speed overshoots the terminal speed far from the constriction. Second, in obstacle arrays, we find that extremely deformable droplets can wrap around obstacles, which leads to decreased average droplet speed in the continuous flow regime and increased probability for clogging in the regime where permanent clogs form. Third, the wrapping mechanism causes the clogging probability in obstacle arrays to become nonmonotonic with surface tension Γ. At large Γ, the droplets are nearly rigid and the clogging probability is large since the droplets can not squeeze through the gaps between obstacles. With decreasing Γ, the clogging probability decreases as the droplets become more deformable. However, in the small-Γ limit, the clogging probability increases since the droplets are extremely deformable and wrap around the obstacles. The results from these studies are important for developing a predictive understanding of capillary droplet flows through complex and confined geometries. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Drop formation

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Interpretable ECG Analysis for Myocardial Infarction Detection through Counterfactuals

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Tanyel, Toygar Atmaca, Sezgin Gökçe, Kaan Balık, M. Yiğit Güler, Arda Aslanger, Emre Öksüz, İlkay Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program Istanbul Technical University Istanbul Turkey Mehmet Akif Ersoy Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital Istanbul Turkey Department of Computer Science Aalto University Espoo Finland Department of Cardiology Başakşehir Pine and Sakura City Hospital Istanbul Turkey Department of Computer Engineering Istanbul Technical University Istanbul Turkey

In the evolving landscape of ECG signal analysis, the challenge of limited transparency in machine learning models remains a significant barrier to their effective integration into clinical practice. This study addresses this issue by investigating the use of counterfactual explanations to improve model interpretability for clinicians, particularly in differentiating healthy subjects from myocardial infarction patients. Utilizing the PTB-XL dataset, we developed a methodology for systematic feature extraction and refinement to prepare for counterfactual analysis. This led to the creation of the Visualizing Counterfactual Clues on Electrocardiograms (VCCE) method, designed to improve the practicality of counterfactual explanations in a clinical setting. The validity of our approach was assessed using custom metrics that reflect the diagnostic relevance of counterfactuals, evaluated with the help of two cardiologists. Our findings suggest that this approach could support future efforts in using ECGs to predict patient outcomes for cardiac conditions, achieving interpretation validity scores of 23.29 ± 1.04 and 20.28 ± 0.99 out of 25 for high and moderate-quality interpretations, respectively. Clinical alignment scores of 0.83 ± 0.12 for high-quality and 0.57 ± 0.10 for moderate-quality interpretations underscore the potential clinical applicability of our method. The methodology and findings of this study contribute to the ongoing discussion on enhancing the interpretability of machine learning models in cardiology, offering a concept that bridges the gap between advanced data analysis techniques and clinical decision-making. The source code for this study is available at https://***/tanyelai/vcce. © 2023, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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Novel MoS₂-In₂O₃-WS₂ (2D/3D/2D) ternary heterostructure nanocomposite material: Efficient photocatalytic degradation of antimicrobial agents under visible-light

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Environmental Research 2024年 261卷 119759页

作者： Dharmalingam, Karthigaimuthu Thangavel, Elangovan Tsai, Pei-Chien Pham, Phuong V. Prakasham, Karthikeyan Andaluri, Gangadhar Manjappa, Kiran B. Lin, Yuan-Chung Ponnusamy, Vinoth Kumar Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry Kaohsiung Medical University Smart Energy Materials Research Laboratory Department of Energy Science and Technology Periyar University Department of Physics National Sun Yat-sen University Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Civil and Environmental Engineering Department College of Engineering Temple University Graduate Programme for Biomedical and Materials Science College of Science Tunghai University Institute of Environmental Engineering National Sun Yat-Sen University Center for Emerging Contaminants Research National Sun Yat-Sen University Department of Medical Research Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (KMUH) Department of Chemistry National Sun Yat-sen University Department of Computational Biology Institute of Bioinformatics Saveetha School of Engineering Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences

Fabrication of ternary composited photocatalytic nanomaterials with strong interaction is vital to deriving the fast charge separation for efficient photodegradation of organic contaminants in wastewater under visible light. In this work, novel ternary 2D/3D/2D MoS₂-In₂O₃-WS₂ multi-nanostructures were synthesized using facile hydrothermal processes. XRD, FTIR, and XPS results confirmed the phase, functional groups, and element composition of pure MoS₂, MoS₂-In₂O₃ and MoS₂-In₂O₃-WS₂ hybrids. UV-DRS spectra of the MoS₂-In₂O₃-WS₂ ternary hybrid indicate maximum absorption in the visible light range with a band-gap energy value of 2.4 eV. The surface of the 2D WS₂ nanosheet structure tightly blends and densely disperses 2D MoS₂ nanosheets and 3D In₂O₃ nanocubes. This confirmed the formation of the MoS₂-In₂O₃-WS₂ ternary hybrid in the form of 2D/3D/2D multi-nanostructures, which is also indicated from SEM and HR-TEM images. The synthesized MoS₂-In₂O₃-WS₂ ternary hybrid showed maximum photocatalytic activity under visible-light for antimicrobial agents such as triclosan (TCS) and trichlorocarban (TCC). The photocatalytic activity of TCS was revealed to be 95% at 90 min, while that of TCC was 93% at 100 min. The reusability and stability tests of the prepared MoS₂-In₂O₃-WS₂ ternary hybrid after four consecutive photocatalytic cycles were analyzed by FTIR and SEM, which indicated that the prepared ternary hybrid was very stable. Overall results suggested that the developed MoS₂-In₂O₃-WS₂ (2D/3D/2D) multi-nanostructures are environmentally friendly and low-cost nanocomposites as a poten

关键词： Antimicrobial agents Environmental wastewater Photocatalytic activity Ternary photocatalyst Trichlorocarban Triclosan

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Enhancing UAV Spraying Efficiency through Payload Sensor Integration

Enhancing UAV Spraying Efficiency through Payload Sensor Int...

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IEEE Latin American Robotics Symposium, LARS

作者： Celso O. Barcelos Leonardo A. Fagundes-Júnior Daniel C. Gandolfo Martin Saska Alexandre S. Brandão Department of Electrical Engineering Graduate Program in Computer Science Núcleo de Especialização em Robótica (NERo) Universidade Federal de Viçosa Viçosa MG Brazil Instituto de Automática National University of San Juan San Juan Argentine Department of Cybernetics Czech Technical University in Prague Prague Czech Republic

ISBN: (数字)9798331508807

ISBN: (纸本)9798331508814

The use of UAVs has grown in recent years, leading to the prominence of various applications such as monitoring and inspection, search and rescue operations, dam and civil structure inspection, military applications, among others. One of the most relevant applications today is related to Precision Agriculture, which is the subject of this work. Our study analyzes the behavior of an Unmanned Autonomous Vehicle (UAV) used for spraying tasks. The variation of the payload is measured through a load sensor. This information indicates to the UAV the right time to return to the base for refueling or completion of the application. Experimental validation is carried out to assess the functionality of the payload sensor during flight operations. In addition, the dynamic compensation controller improves the navigation of the UAV, even in the presence of payload variations during the entire mission duration.

关键词： Precision agriculture Navigation Spraying Inspection Robot sensing systems Autonomous aerial vehicles Vehicle dynamics Monitoring Payloads Diseases

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A Bottom-Up, Multi-Scale Model for Transient Mass Transport of Redox-Active Species Through Porous Electrodes Beyond the Pseudo-Steady Limit

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Hamid, Md Abdul Smith, Kyle C. Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL61801 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL61801 United States Computational Science and Engineering Program University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL61801 United States Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL61801 United States

A transient, multi-scale model is introduced to capture the dynamic response of redox-active electrolyte flowing through porous electrodes under time-dependent current input. Unlike conventional models with time-invariant mass transfer coefficient, certain frequency-dependent transfer functions (TFs) are introduced to embed transient pore-scale transport physics into an up-scaled model. One of the introduced TFs is a spectral Sherwood number, that extends the film law of mass transfer to transient conditions. Another TF is introduced to capture the acceleration/suppression of solute advection resulting from inhomogeneity in local concentration distribution. The frequency dependence of these TFs is demonstrated for electrodes comprised of solid cylinders in crossflow. Three distinct spectral regions are observed, where with increasing frequency a transition from lagless response to semi-infinite Warburg response occurs. The results show orders of magnitude higher mass transfer rate for fast-changing applied current. These TFs are then embedded into an up-scaled model to obtain the time domain response of flow batteries. Analysis of concentration polarization and the average reactant concentration inside electrodes is used to construct non-dimensional maps of their operation space. From this analysis we find that fast current fluctuations can be sustained at conditions exceeding the limiting current that is expected for pseudo-steady operation. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Flow batteries

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Coherence-assisted superradiant laser with hertz-level linewidth and 10−10-W power

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Physical Review A 2023年第6期107卷 063709-063709页

作者： Guohui Dong Yao Yao Peng Zhang Dazhi Xu School of Physics and Electronic Engineering Sichuan Normal University Chengdu 610068 China Graduate School of China Academy of Engineering Physics Beijing 100084 China Microsystem and Terahertz Research Center China Academy of Engineering Physics Chengdu 610200 China Department of Physics Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 China Beijing Computational Science Research Center Beijing 100084 China Center for Quantum Technology Research and Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurements (MOE) School of Physics Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China

The superradiant laser, based on the clock transition between the electric ground state 1S0 and the metastable state 3P0 of fermionic alkaline-earth-metal-like atoms, has been proposed to be a new promising light source with linewidth of the order of millihertz. However, due to the small 1S0 to 3P0 transition strength, the steady-state power in that system is relatively low (approximately 10−12W). In this work we propose an alternative superradiant laser scheme based on a Raman-transition-induced coupling between the 3P0 and 3P1 states in bosonic alkaline-earth-metal-like atoms and achieve a laser with narrow linewidth (less than approximately 2π×1Hz) and high power (greater than approximately 10−10W, approximately 103 photons in steady state) at a small pumping cost (less than approximately 2π×10kHz). The Raman beams play two significant roles in our scheme. First, the coherence between the dark and bright states induced by the Raman beams produces a new local minimum in the pumping-linewidth curve with pumping rate lower than 2π×10kHz, which is beneficial for continuous output. Second, the Raman beams mix the long-lived 3P0 state into the lasing state and thus make the laser linewidth tunable. Our work greatly improves the output performance of the superradiant laser system with coherence induced by Raman transitions and may offer a firm foundation for its practical use in the future.

关键词： Cavity quantum electrodynamics Quantum optics Atomic ensemble Lasers Quantum cavities

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engineering the directionality of hot carrier tunneling in plasmonic tunneling structures

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Abbasi, Mahdiyeh Liao, Shusen Zhu, Yunxuan Natelson, Douglas Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Engineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States

Tunneling metal-insulator-metal (MIM) junctions can exhibit an open-circuit photovoltage (OCPV) response under illumination that may be useful for photodetection. One mechanism for photovoltage generation is hot carrier tunneling, in which photoexcited carriers generate a net photocurrent that must be balanced by a drift current in the open-circuit configuration. We present experiments in electromigrated planar MIM structures, designed with asymmetric plasmonic properties using Au and Pt electrodes. Decay of optically excited local plasmonic modes preferentially creates hot carriers on the Au side of the junction, leading to a clear preferred directionality of the hot electron photocurrent and hence a preferred polarity of the resulting OCPV. In contrast, in an ensemble of symmetric devices constructed from only one Au, polarity of the OCPV has no preferred direction. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Plasmonics

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