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arXiv 2023年

作者： Maisuradze, Luka King, Megan C. Surovtsev, Ivan V. Mochrie, Simon G.J. Shattuck, Mark D. O’Hern, Corey S. Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry Yale University New HavenCT United States Department of Cell Biology Yale School of Medicine New HavenCT United States Department of Physics Yale University New HavenCT United States Benjamin Levich Institute Physics Department The City College of New York New YorkNY United States Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Yale University New HavenCT United States Graduate Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Yale University New HavenCT United States

Chromatin is a polymer complex of DNA and proteins that regulates gene expression. The three-dimensional (3D) structure and organization of chromatin controls DNA transcription and replication. High-throughput chromatin conformation capture techniques generate Hi-C maps that can provide insight into the 3D structure of chromatin. Hi-C maps can be represented as a symmetric matrix Aij, where each element represents the average contact probability or number of contacts between chromatin loci i and j. Previous studies have detected topologically associating domains (TADs), or self-interacting regions in Aij within which the contact probability is greater than that outside the region. Many algorithms have been developed to identify TADs within Hi-C maps. However, most TAD identification algorithms are unable to identify nested or overlapping TADs and for a given Hi-C map there is significant variation in the location and number of TADs identified by different methods. We develop a novel method to identify TADs, KerTAD, using a kernel-based technique from computer vision and image processing that is able to accurately identify nested and overlapping TADs. We benchmark this method against state-of-the-art TAD identification methods on both synthetic and experimental data sets. We find that the new method consistently has higher true positive rates (TPR) and lower false discovery rates (FDR) than all tested methods for both synthetic and manually annotated experimental Hi-C maps. The TPR for KerTAD is also largely insensitive to increasing noise and sparsity, in contrast to the other methods. We also find that KerTAD is consistent in the number and size of TADs identified across replicate experimental Hi-C maps for several organisms. Thus, KerTAD will improve automated TAD identification and enable researchers to better correlate changes in TADs to biological phenomena, such as enhancer-promoter interactions and disease states. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Topology

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Unnecessary risks created by uncontrolled rocket reentries

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Byers, Michael Wright, Ewan Boley, Aaron Byers, Cameron Department of Political Science University of British Columbia VancouverBC Canada Interdisciplinary Studies Graduate Program University of British Columbia VancouverBC Canada Department of Physics and Astronomy University of British Columbia VancouverBC Canada Bachelor of Engineering Program University of Victoria VictoriaBC Canada

In 2020, over 60% of launches to low Earth orbit resulted in one or more rocket bodies being abandoned in orbit and eventually returning to Earth in an uncontrolled manner. When they do so, between 20 and 40% of their mass survives the heat of atmospheric reentry. Many of the surviving pieces are heavy enough to pose serious risks to people, on land, at sea, and in airplanes. There is no international consensus on the acceptable level of risk from reentering space objects. This is sometimes a point of contention, such as when a 20 tonne Long March 5B core stage made an uncontrolled reentry in May 2021. Some regulators, including the US, France, and ESA, have implemented a 1 in 10, 000 acceptable casualty risk (i.e., statistical threat to human life) threshold from reentering space objects. We argue that this threshold ignores the cumulative effect of the rapidly increasing number of rocket launches. It also fails to address low risk, high consequence outcomes, such as a rocket stage crashing into a high-density city or a large passenger aircraft. In the latter case, even a small piece could cause hundreds of casualties. Compounding this, the threshold is frequently ignored or waived when the costs of adherence are deemed excessive. We analyse the rocket bodies that reentered the atmosphere from 1992-2021 and model the associated cumulative casualty expectation. We then extrapolate this trend into the near future (2022-2032), modelling the potential risk to the global population from uncontrolled rocket body reentries. We also analyse the population of rocket bodies that are currently in orbit and expected to deorbit soon, and find that the risk distribution is significantly weighted to latitudes close to the equator. This represents a disproportionate burden of casualty risk imposed on the countries of the Global South by major spacefaring countries. Modern rockets have reignitable engines, allowing controlled reentries into remote areas of the oceans. This, combine

关键词： Rockets

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New Frontiers for Wave engineering Using Metamaterials

New Frontiers for Wave Engineering Using Metamaterials

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2022年全国微波毫米波会议

作者： Andrea Alù Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research Center City University of New York Physics Program Graduate Center City University of New York Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering City College of New York

Metamaterials are engineered materials with properties that go well beyond what offered by nature, providing unprecedented opportunities to tailor and enhance the control of waves. In this talk, I discuss our recent activity at microwaves and THz frequencies, showing how suitably tailored meta-atoms and their arrangements open exciting avenues for wave manipulation, including metasurfaces with enhanced wavefront manipulation, and magnet-free nonreciprocity and topological phenomena. Insights into the underlying physics and new devices based on these concepts will be presented.

关键词： New Frontiers for Wave engineering Using Metamaterials

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HYPER-REALIST RENDERING: A THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Akleman, Ergun Kurt, Murat Akleman, Derya Bruins, Gary Deng, Sitong Subramanian, Meena Visual Computing & Computational Media School of PVFA Computer Science and Engineering College of Engineering Texas A&M University College StationTX77831 United States International Computer Institute Ege University Izmir Turkey Department of Statistics Texas A&M University College StationTX77831 United States Visualization Program Department of Architecture Texas A&M University College StationTX77831 United States Department of Visualization Texas A&M University College StationTX77831 United States

This is the first paper in a series on hyper-realist rendering. In this paper, we introduce the concept of hyper-realist rendering and present a theoretical framework to obtain hyper-realist images. We are using the term Hyper-realism as an umbrella word that captures all types of visual artifacts that can evoke an impression of reality. The hyper-realist artifacts are visual representations that are not necessarily created by following logical and physical principles and can still be perceived as representations of reality. This idea stems from the principles of representational arts, which attain visually acceptable renderings of scenes without implementing strict physical laws of optics and materials. The objective of this work is to demonstrate that it is possible to obtain visually acceptable illusions of reality by employing such artistic approaches. With representational art methods, we can even obtain an alternate illusion of reality that looks more real even when it is not real. This paper demonstrates that it is common to create illusions of reality in visual arts with examples of paintings by representational artists. We propose an approach to obtain expressive local and global illuminations to obtain these stylistic illusions with a set of well-defined and formal methods. Our formalism is based on four principles: (1) colors and textures must be represented by algebraically complete structures, (2) we should allow impossible and inconsistent shapes in scene concepts, (3) we have to decompose illumination and shading, and (4) we must build our shading functions using statistic-based methods instead of physics-based methods. We claim that these principles allow us to develop simple methods since we can avoid algebraic inconsistencies. Using such simple methods, it can be possible to significantly speed up modeling and rendering algorithms by focusing only on essential elements that can create illusions of reality. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Formal methods

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Determination of Majorana type-phases from the time evolution of lepton numbers

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Benoit, Nicholas J. Kawamura, Yuta Hamada, Saki Morozumi, Takuya Shimizu, Yusuke Yamamoto, Kei Graduate School of Science Hiroshima University Higashi-Hiroshima739-8526 Japan Mie Yokkaichi City Japan Higashi-Hiroshima Japan Physics Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University Higashi-Hiroshima739-8526 Japan Core of Research for the Energetic Universe Hiroshima University Higashi-Hiroshima739-8526 Japan Department of Information Kaishi Professional University Niigata950-0916 Japan Faculty of Science and Engineering Department of Physical Science and Materials Engineering Studies in Mathematical Science and Physics Iwate University Japan

We have investigated an approach to determine the Majorana type-phases using the time evolution of lepton family numbers. The Majorana type-phases are related to the orientation of unitarity triangles for the Pontecorvo-Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata (PMNS) matrix, and the Majorana phases α21 and α31. After taking the second-order time derivative of the lepton family number expectation values, the dependencies on the summation of Majorana type-phases can be determined. Thus allowing for the extraction of the orientation of the unitarity triangles and the Majorana phases. We study how to extract the Majorana type-phases and the lightest neutrino mass for three massive neutrinos, and when a neutrino is massless, i.e., m1,3 = 0. Theoretically, our results indicate lepton number can be used to determine the orientation of the PMNS unitarity triangles and the Majorana phases. To show how the Majorana phases and Majorana-type phases are related to the CP violation for leptogenesis at high energy, we first adopt a parametrization where the diagonal elements of the effective Majorana mass matrix at low energy are given by real positive numbers. In this basis, the phase of the off-diagonal elements related to the CP violating phases in PMNS matrix. We explicitly show the relation between the single Majorana phase and the phase of the effective Majorana mass matrix for two generation case of active neutrinos. Then for type I seesaw model with two gauge singlet neutrinos and two families of lepton doublet, we study the effective Majorana mass matrix generated by the seesaw model. We are able to show how the Majorana phase at low energy is related to two CP violating phases in the seesaw model and the relation between Majorana phase at low energy and CP violating phases related to the lepton number asymmetries of the heavy Majorana neutrinos decays is established. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Neutrons

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Review Integration of smartphone technology and artificial intelligence for advanced ophthalmic care:A systematic review

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Advances in Ophthalmology Practice and Research 2024年第3期4卷 120-127页

作者： Kai Jin Yingyu Li Hongkang Wu Yih Chung Tham Victor Koh Yitian Zhao Ryo Kawasaki Andrzej Grzybowski Juan Ye Eye Center The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyZhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye DiseasesZhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye DiseasesHangzhouChina Centre for Innovation and Precision Eye Health National University of SingaporeSingapore Department of Ophthalmology National University of SingaporeSingapore Singapore Eye Research Institute Singapore National Eye CentreSingapore Ophthalmology and Visual Science Academic Clinical Program Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingapore Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingboChina Ningbo Eye Hospital NingboChina Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperative Base of Biomedical Materials and Technology Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingboChina Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingboChina Division of Public Health Department of Social MedicineGraduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan Artificial Intelligence Center for Medical Research and Application Osaka University HospitalOsakaJapan Institute for Research in Ophthalmology Foundation for Ophthalmology DevelopmentPoznanPoland

Background:The convergence of smartphone technology and artificial intelligence(AI)has revolutionized the landscape of ophthalmic care,offering unprecedented opportunities for diagnosis,monitoring,and management of ocular ***,there is a lack of systematic studies on discussing the integration of smart-phone and AI in this *** text:This review includes 52 studies,and explores the integration of smartphones and AI in ophthalmology,delineating its collective impact on screening methodologies,disease detection,telemedicine initiatives,and patient *** collective findings from the curated studies indicate promising performance of the smartphone-based AI screening for various ocular diseases which encompass major retinal diseases,glaucoma,cataract,visual impairment in children and ocular surface ***,the utilization of smartphone-based imaging modalities,coupled with AI algorithms,is able to provide timely,efficient and cost-effective screening for ocular *** modality can also facilitate patient self-monitoring,remote patient monitoring and enhancing accessibility to eye care services,particularly in underserved *** involving data pri-vacy,algorithm validation,regulatory frameworks and issues of trust are still need to be ***,evaluation on real-world implementation is imperative as well,and real-world prospective studies are currently ***:Smartphone ocular imaging merged with AI enables earlier,precise diagnoses,personalized treat-ments,and enhanced service accessibility in eye *** is crucial to navigate ethical and data security challenges while responsibly leveraging these innovations,promising a potential revolution in care access and global eye health equity.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Smartphone imaging Ophthalmology Telemedicine Ocular disease management

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Biomechanical comparisons of dynamic fixators with rod-rod and screw-spacer joints on lumbar hybrid fixation

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Clinical Biomechanics 2023年 104卷 105943-105943页

作者： Xu, Yu-Kun Weng, Pei-Wei Chen, Shih-Hao Lin, Shang-Chih Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan Department of Orthopedics Shuang Ho Hospital Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Department of Orthopaedics School of Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Research Center of Biomedical Device Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Tzu Chi General Hospital at Taichung and Tzu Chi University Taiwan

Background: Hybrid fixators with quite different joint design concepts have been widely to suppress adjacent segment degeneration problems. The kinematic and kinetic responses of the adjacent and transition segments and contact behaviors at the bone-screw interfaces served as the objective of this study. Methods: The moderately degenerated L4/L5 and mildly degenerative L3/L4 segments were respectively immobilized by a static fixator and further bridged by the rod-rod (Isobar) and screw-spacer (Dynesys) fixator. The joint stiffness and mobility of the rod-rod system and the cable pretension of the screw-spacer system were systematically varied. Findings: The flexion of the screw-spacer system provided higher mobility to the transition segment, reducing adjacent-segment problems. The cable pretension had a minor effect on the construct behavior. However, due to limited joint mobility, the rod-rod system showed higher constraints to the transition segment and induced more adjacent-segment compensations. The increased mobility of the rod-rod joint caused it to behave as a more dynamic fixator that increased adjacent-segment compensations at the transition segment. Comparatively, increasing the joint mobility showed more significant effects on the construct behaviors than decreasing the joint stiffness. Furthermore, increased constraint by the rod-rod joint induced higher stress and risk of loosening at the bone-screw interfaces Interpretation: If the protection of the transition segment is the major concern, the rod-rod system can be used to constrain the intervertebral motion and share the higher loads through the fixator. Otherwise, the screw-spacer system is recommended in situations where higher loads onto the transition disc are allowable. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Screws

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Mo-based MXenes: Synthesis, properties, and applications

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Advances in Colloid and Interface science 2024年 324卷 103077页

作者： Hussain, Iftikhar Amara, Umay Bibi, Faiza Hanan, Abdul Lakhan, Muhammad Nazim Soomro, Irfan Ali Khan, Amjad Shaheen, Irum Sajjad, Uzair Mohana Rani, Gokana Javed, Muhammad Sufyan Khan, Karim Hanif, Muhammad Bilal Assiri, Mohammed A. Sahoo, Sumanta Al Zoubi, Wail Mohapatra, Debananda Zhang, Kaili Department of Mechanical Engineering City University of Hong Kong 83 Tat Chee Avenue Hong Kong Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong School of Engineering and Technology Sunway University Selangor 47500 Malaysia Applied Chemistry and Environmental Science School of Science STEM College RMIT University MelbourneVIC3000 Australia State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Institute of Computational Chemistry College of Chemistry Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing100029 China School of Mechatronics Engineering Korea University of Technology and Education Chungnam Cheonan31253 Korea Republic of Sabanci University SUNUM Nanotechnology Research and Application Center Istanbul Tuzla34956 Turkey Department of Energy and Refrigerating Air-Conditioning Engineering National Taipei University of Technology Taipei10608 Taiwan Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Keelung Road Taipei10607 Taiwan School of Physical Science and Technology Lanzhou University Lanzhou730000 China School of Electrical Engineering & Intelligentization Dongguan University of Technology Dongguan523808 China Department of Inorganic Chemistry Faculty of Natural Sciences Comenius University Bratislava Bratislava842 15 Slovakia Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science King Khalid University Abha61413 Saudi Arabia School of Chemical Engineering Yeungnam University Gyeongbuk Gyeongsan38541 Korea Republic of Materials Electrochemistry Laboratory School of Materials Science and Engineering Yeungnam University Gyeongsan38541 Korea Republic of Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Devices Engineering Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology 50 UNIST-gil Ulju-gun Ulsan44919 Korea Republic of

Ti-MXene allows a range of possibilities to tune their compositional stoichiometry due to their electronic and electrochemical properties. Other than conventionally explored Ti-MXene, there have been ample opportunities for the non-Ti-based MXenes, especially the emerging Mo-based MXenes. Mo-MXenes are established to be remarkable with optoelectronic and electrochemical properties, tuned energy, catalysis, and sensing applications. In this timely review, we systematically discuss the various organized synthesis procedures, associated experimental tunning parameters, physiochemical properties, structural evaluation, stability challenges, key findings, and a wide range of applications of emerging Mo-MXene over Ti-MXenes. We also critically examined the precise control of Mo-MXenes to cater to advanced applications by comprehensively evaluating the summary of recent studies using artificial intelligence and machine learning tools. The critical future perspectives, significant challenges, and possible outlooks for successfully developing and using Mo-MXenes for various practical applications are highlighted. © 2023

关键词： Electrochemical properties

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Prioritizing Strategies for Building the Resilience of Public Health Systems to Disasters Across Multiple Communities and Countries

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International Journal of Disaster Risk science 2024年第1期15卷 1-17页

作者： Benjamin J.Ryan Mayumi Kako Shelby Garner Rok Fink Ismail Tayfur Jonathan Abrahams Sanjaya Bhatia Adriana Campelo Matthew Fendt Alicia Fontenot Nahuel Arenas Garcia Tim Hatch Ryoma Kayano LaShonda Malrey‑Horne Makiko MacDermot Md Moshiur Rahman Chaverle Noel Shuhei Nomura Jeremy P.Novak Maria Opazo Kendell Oliver Luciana Peters Sohel Rahman PerihanŞimşek Andrew Stricklin Raymond Swienton Bryan W.Brooks Frist College of Medicine Belmont UniversityNashvilleTN 37212USA Department of Environmental Science Environmental Health Science ProgramCollege of Arts and SciencesBaylor UniversityWacoTX 76798USA Division of Nursing Science School of Biomedical and Health SciencesHiroshima UniversityHiroshima 734-8553Japan Gordon E.Inman College of Health Sciences and Nursing Belmont UniversityNashvilleTN 37212USA Faculty of Health Sciences University of Ljubljana1000 LjubljanaSlovenia Department of Emergency Medicine University of Health Sciences34668 IstanbulTurkey Monash University Accident Research Center MelbourneVIC 3800Australia Global Education and Training Institute United Nations Ofce for Disaster Risk ReductionIncheon 22004Republic of Korea Regional Ofce for the Americas and Caribbean United Nations Ofce for Disaster Risk ReductionPanama City 0843-03441Panama Engineering and Computer Science Baylor UniversityWacoTX 76798USA Department of Public Health Robbins College of Health and Human SciencesBaylor UniversityWacoTX 76798USA Alabama Department of Public Health MontgomeryAL 36092USA World Health Organization Centre for Health Development(WHO Kobe Centre) Kobe 651-0073Japan Waco-McLennan County Public Health District WacoTX 76707USA Department of Health Policy and Management School of MedicineKeio UniversityTokyo 160-8582Japan Department of Global Health Policy Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyo 113-0033Japan Tokyo Foundation for Policy Research Tokyo 106-6234Japan Global Development College BrisbaneQLD 4000Australia Municipality of Pudahuel 13124 PudahuelChile City Hall of Porto Alegre Porto Alegre 90010-170Brazil Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of the People’s Republic of BangladeshDhaka 1000Bangladesh Department of Emergency Aid and Disaster Management Trabzon University61335 TrabzonTurkey Department of Emergency Medicine UT SouthwesternDallasTX 75390USA

The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the urgent need to strengthen public health *** response,the United Nations Disaster Risk Reduction(UNDRR) Public Health System Resilience Scorecard(Scorecard) was applied in workshops across multiple *** aim of our research was to explore the workshop findings to develop priority strategies for strengthening public health system *** conducted a workshop from 14 to 16 March 2023,at the UNDRR Global Education and Training Institute in Incheon,Republic of Korea.A sequential modified Delphi method was utilized to develop a set of prioritized resilience *** were drawn from 70 strategies identified from 13 distinct workshops in eight *** two surveys,23 strategies were *** received ratings of "High" or Very High" from89% of *** related to the inclusion of public health risks in emergency plans,integrating multidisciplinary teams into public health,enabling local transport mechanisms,and improving the ability to manage an influx of *** Scorecard provides an adaptable framework to identify and prioritize strategies for strengthening public health system *** leveraging this methodology,our study demonstrated how resilience strategies could inform disaster risk reduction funding,policies,and actions.

关键词： Health system resilience Public policy Resilience scorecard Workshops

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Superconducting neutron transmission imaging for investigating a sequential change in phase separations of low-melting Wood's metal 35

Superconducting neutron transmission imaging for investigati...

引用

35th International Symposium on Superconductivity, ISS 2022

作者： Dang Vu, The Shishido, Hiroaki Aizawa, Kazuya Oku, Takayuki Oikawa, Kenichi Harada, Masahide Kojima, Kenji M. Miyajima, Shigeyuki Soyama, Kazuhiko Koyama, Tomio Hidaka, Mutsuo Suzuki, Soh Y. Tanaka, Manobu M. Machida, Masahiko Kawamata, Shuichi Ishida, Takekazu Division of Quantum and Radiation Engineering Osaka Metropolitan University Sakai Osaka599-8570 Japan Materials and Life Science Division J-PARC Center Japan Atomic Energy Agency Tokai Ibaraki319-1195 Japan Department of Physics and Electronics Graduate School of Engineering Osaka Metropolitan University Sakai Osaka599-8531 Japan Centre for Molecular and Materials Science TRIUMF 4004 Wesbrook Mall VancouverBCV6T 2A3 Canada Advanced ICT Research Institute National Institute of Information and Communications Technology 588-2 Iwaoka Nishi-ku Hyogo Kobe651-2492 Japan Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Ibaraki Tsukuba305-8568 Japan Ibaraki Tsukuba305-0801 Japan Ibaraki Tsukuba305-0801 Japan Center for Computational Science & E-Systems Japan Atomic Energy Agency 178-4-4 Wakashiba Chiba Kashiwa277-0871 Japan

We built a new cryostat system for a current-biased kinetic inductance detector (CB-KID) to be able to place a sample at room temperature for conducting the neutron transmission imaging experiments with pulsed neutrons. A Wood's metal alloy sample (Bi 50wt.%, Pb 25wt.%, Sn 12.5wt.%, Cd 12.5wt.%) of melting temperature 75.2°C was used to check a practical test by observing fine microstructures under beam power of 812 kW at beamline BL10 of J-PARC (MLF). The Wood's metal is composed of four phases, of which one is a Cd-rich needle-like phase of an average width of 25 μm and length of 5 mm. Since Cd is a strong neutron absorber, it is suitable for observing the fine mosaic structure contrastingly in neutron transmission imaging. After neutron-transmission imaging with the Wood's metal in the initial state, we subsequently melted the Wood's metal sample and solidified it again by slow cooling during the same beam time. We were successful in observing an impressive change in morphology of the phases by neutron-transmission imaging. Room-temperature sample imaging is very convenient for possible users, and is expected to be very useful for applying our CB-KID system to versatile different materials of interests. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Wood

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