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Vacancy-Type Defects in HfO2 Layers and Their Role in Amorphous-to-Crystalline Transition Studied by Monoenergetic Positron Beams

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IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing 2025年

作者： Uedono, Akira Kawakami, Kazuya Kuribara, Tatsunori Hasunuma, Ryu Harashima, Yosuke Shigeta, Yasuteru Ni, Zeyuan Yan, Ruolin Nakamura, Hideo Notake, Akira Moriya, Tsuyoshi Michishio, Koji Ishibashi, Shoji University of Tsukuba Faculty of Pure and Applied Science Tsukuba Ibaraki305-8573 Japan Nara Institute of Science and Technology Graduate School of Science and Technology Ikoma Nara630-0192 Japan Tokyo Electron Technology Solutions Ltd S-Technology Development Center Nirasaki Yamanashi650 Japan Tokyo Electron Technology Solutions Ltd Development Department1 Nirasaki Yamanashi407-0192 Japan Tokyo Electron Ltd Digital Design Center Sapporo Hokkaido060-0003 Japan Tokyo Electron Technology Solutions Ltd Software and Data Engineering Division Nirasaki Yamanashi407-0192 Japan National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Research Institute for Measurement and Analytical Instrumentation Tsukuba Ibaraki305-8568 Japan National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Research Center for Computational Design of Advanced Functional Materials Tsukuba Ibaraki305-8568 Japan

The annealing properties of vacancies in HfO2 layers deposited on Si substrates and their role in amorphous-to-crystalline transition were studied with monoenergetic positron beams. HfO2 layers with a thickness of 4.30 nm were fabricated by the atomic layer deposition technique. The major vacancytype defects in these layers were identified as a Hf vacancy (VHf) coupled with multiple oxygen vacancies (VOs) and larger vacancy clusters. After annealing at 500°C, the concentration of vacancy clusters started to increase, which was attributed to the agglomeration of intrinsic open spaces in the amorphous phase upon the phase transition from amorphous to monoclinic crystalline phases. The amorphous-crystalline transition started near the interface between the HfO2 layer and bottom electrodes (TiN). After the crystallization, the concentration of vacancy clusters decreased as the annealing temperature increased. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Hafnium oxides

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Smart photonic wristband for pulse wave monitoring

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Opto-Electronic science 2024年第12期3卷 12-27页

作者： Renfei Kuang Zhuo Wang Lin Ma Heng Wang Qingming Chen Arnaldo Leal Junior Santosh Kumar Xiaoli Li Carlos Marques Rui Min Center for Cognition and Neuroergonomics State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and LearningBeijing Normal UniversityZhuhai 519087China College of Science Shenyang Aerospace UniversityShenyang 110136China School of Microelectronics Science and Technology Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing Chips and SystemsSun Yat-Sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering Federal University of Espírito SantoFernando Ferrari AvenueVitoria 29075-910Brazil Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Koneru Lakshmaiah Education FoundationVaddeswaramAndhra Pradesh 522302India CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials Physics DepartmentUniversity of AveiroAveiro 3810-193Portugal

Real-time acquisition of human pulse signals in daily life is clinically important for cardiovascular disease monitoring and ***,we propose a smart photonic wristband for pulse signal monitoring based on speckle pattern analysis with a polymer optical fiber(POF)integrated into a sports *** different speckle pattern processing algorithms and POFs with different core diameters were *** results indicated that the smart photonic wristband had a high signal-to-noise ratio and low latency,with the measurement error controlled at approximately 3.7%.This optimized pulse signal could be used for further medical diagnosis and was capable of objectively monitoring subtle pulse signal changes,such as the pulse waveform at different positions of Cunkou and pulse waveforms before and after *** the assistance of artificial intelligence(AI),functions such as gesture recognition have been realized through the established prediction model by processing pulse signals,in which the recognition accuracy reaches 95%.Our AI-assisted smart photonic wristband has potential applications for clinical treatment of cardiovascular diseases and home monitoring,paving the way for medical Internet of Things-enabled smart systems.

关键词： smart healthcare specklegram pulse monitoring gesture recognition artificial intelligence wearable sensor

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Droplet microfluidic platform for intracellular phase separation experiments 24

Droplet microfluidic platform for intracellular phase separa...

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24th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life sciences, MicroTAS 2020

作者： Chan, Katherine Navi, Maryam Kieda, Jennifer Tsai, Scott S.H. Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering Ryerson University Toronto Canada Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Ryerson University Toronto Canada Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science St. Michael's Hospital Toronto Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781733419017

In the field of intracellular phase separation, characterizing the composition and formation of liquid-like organelles is important to understanding their functional relevance. We introduce a microfluidic assay for in vitro testing of formation of these intracellular compartments where water-in-oil droplets containing different concentrations of phase separating components are generated. This platform has the distinct advantage of high-throughput, minimal reagent experiments that enables the necessary data collection and qualitative observation of conventional bulk methods. © 2020 CBMS-0001

关键词： Phase separation

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Generating a fuzzy rule based classification system by genetic learning of granularity level using TOPSIS 11

Generating a fuzzy rule based classification system by genet...

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11th Conference of the European Society for Fuzzy Logic and Technology, EUSFLAT 2019

作者： de O. Araujo, Antonio E. Krohling, Renato A. Graduate Program in Computer Science - PPGI Federal University of Espirito Santo - UFES Vitoria ES Brazil Production Engineering Department Federal University of Espirito Santo - UFES Vitoria ES Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9789462527706

Fuzzy Rule Based Classification Systems (FRBCSs) are widely used tools in classification problems. An important aspect in the design of a FRBCS is the number of fuzzy labels per variable (granularity level), which significantly influences the performance of the fuzzy system. Another relevant issue to be considered when generating a FRBCS is the accuracy-interpretability tradeoff, which can be addressed in the context of multi-objective optimization. Thus, in this work, we propose a new approach to design a FRBCS in which the accuracy and the interpretability (number of rules) of the FRBCS are considered objectives to be treated with the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). We applied our method to several well-known standard classification datasets and the results show the feasibility of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2019, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://***/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).

关键词： Genetic algorithms

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Food security strategies toward flood hazards along the Cinendang river, Aceh Province 2

Food security strategies toward flood hazards along the Cine...

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2nd International Conference on Agriculture and Bioindustry, ICAGRI 2020

作者： Bakhtiar Abdullah, F. Marzuki, M. Yanis, M. Ismail, N. Graduate Program in Disaster Science Universitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh23111 Indonesia Department of Physics Universitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh23111 Indonesia Politeknik Negeri Lhokseumawe Lhokseumawe24357 Indonesia Department of Geophysical Engineering Universitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh23111 Indonesia Research Center of Ethnoscience Universitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh23111 Indonesia

Singkil communities have been living along riverbanks for several centuries. They are accustomed to living near the water which has generated local wisdom in mitigating and adapting to flood hazards. This study focuses on food security in overcoming flood hazards practiced as local wisdom by the community living along the Cinendang River, Aceh Singkil. The study applied a descriptive exploration based on field observations, interviews with local communities, and in-depth interviews with community leaders and local government regarding knowledge, experiences, and the implementation of the local wisdom. The result shows that the communities practice local wisdom on structural mitigation and adaptation so that they can still supply and protect their food needs during floods. The community has taken advantage of the floating buildings namely sapao metungkhang, lampung, and bagan for these purposes. These buildings are made of logs found drifting along the river, and they are practically effective in the way that daily household and communal activities can still be carried out in both normal conditions and during the flooding. Such houses are hardly found today due to shortages of raw materials, in-progress inland transportation development, relocation of communities far from rivers, and dimmed water caused by transportation routes. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Rivers

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Resting-State Heart Rate Variability Presages EEG Oscillatory Activity in Senior Adults during Cycling Exercise

Resting-State Heart Rate Variability Presages EEG Oscillator...

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2021 IEEE Ural-Siberian Conference on computational Technologies in Cognitive science, Genomics and Biomedicine, CSGB 2021

作者： Liou, Jiun-Wei Wang, Po-Shan Wu, Yu-Te Lee, Sheng-Kai Chang, Mike S. D. Liou, Michelle Ming Chi Univeristy Department of Electronic Engineering New Taipei City Taiwan Municipal Gandau Hospital Department of Neurology Taipei Taiwan Institute of Biophotonics National Yang-Ming University Taipei Taiwan National Cheng Kung University Academia Sinica Taiwan International Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Taipei Taiwan Institute of Statistical Science Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9781665431491

EEG, ECG and EMG signals were recorded during 3 stages of cycling exercise in 38 senior adults. Before and after the cycling stages, 5-min resting-state EEG and ECG signals were also recorded in individual subjects. Resting-state EEG oscillatory activity was the best predictor of oscillatory activity during cycling exercise. In addition, resting-state ECG entropy and subjects' weights were also significant predictors of oscillatory activity during cycling exercise especially in the high frequency ranges. Senior females with lower weights and higher resting-state ECG entropy values showed stronger oscillatory activity in all frequency ranges during cycling exercise and weaker oscillatory activity under resting-states compared with other subjects. We conclude that cycling exercise has the potential to reduce frailty in senior adults especially in those who have higher resting-state ECG entropy values. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： Electrocardiograms

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Position: Bayesian deep learning is needed in the age of large-scale AI 24

Position: Bayesian deep learning is needed in the age of lar...

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Proceedings of the 41st International Conference on Machine Learning

作者： Theodore Papamarkou Maria Skoularidou Konstantina Palla Laurence Aitchison Julyan Arbel David Dunson Maurizio Filippone Vincent Fortuin Philipp Hennig José Miguel Hernández-Lobato Aliaksandr Hubin Alexander Immer Theofanis Karaletsos Mohammad Emtiyaz Khan Agustinus Kristiadi Yingzhen Li Stephan Mandt Christopher Nemeth Michael A. Osborne Tim G. J. Rudner David Rügamer Yee Whye Teh Max Welling Andrew Gordon Wilson Ruqi Zhang Department of Mathematics The University of Manchester Manchester UK Eric and Wendy Schmidt Center Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge Spotify London UK Computational Neuroscience Unit University of Bristol Bristol UK Centre Inria de l'Université Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France Department of Statistical Science Duke University Statistics Program KAUST Saudi Arabia Helmholtz AI Munich Germany and Department of Computer Science Technical University of Munich Munich Germany and Munich Center for Machine Learning Munich Germany Tübingen AI Center University of Tübingen Tübingen Germany Department of Engineering University of Cambridge Cambridge UK Department of Mathematics University of Oslo Oslo Norway and Bioinformatics and Applied Statistics Norwegian University of Life Sciences Ås Norway Department of Computer Science ETH Zurich Switzerland Chan Zuckerberg Initiative California Center for Advanced Intelligence Project RIKEN Tokyo Japan Vector Institute Toronto Canada Department of Computing Imperial College London London UK Department of Computer Science UC Irvine Irvine Department of Mathematics and Statistics Lancaster University Lancaster UK Department of Engineering Science University of Oxford Oxford UK Center for Data Science New York University New York Munich Center for Machine Learning Munich Germany and Department of Statistics LMU Munich Munich Germany DeepMind London UK and Department of Statistics University of Oxford Oxford UK Informatics Institute University of Amsterdam Amsterdam Netherlands Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences and Center for Data Science Computer Science Department New York University New York Department of Computer Science Purdue University West Lafayette

In the current landscape of deep learning research, there is a predominant emphasis on achieving high predictive accuracy in supervised tasks involving large image and language datasets. However, a broader perspective reveals a multitude of overlooked metrics, tasks, and data types, such as uncertainty, active and continual learning, and scientific data, that demand attention. Bayesian deep learning (BDL) constitutes a promising avenue, offering advantages across these diverse settings. This paper posits that BDL can elevate the capabilities of deep learning. It revisits the strengths of BDL, acknowledges existing challenges, and highlights some exciting research avenues aimed at addressing these obstacles. Looking ahead, the discussion focuses on possible ways to combine large-scale foundation models with BDL to unlock their full potential.

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Optically Tunable Many-Body Exciton-Phonon Quantum Interference

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Advanced science 2024年第40期11卷 e2404741页

作者： Chang, Si-Jie Huang, Po-Chun Su, Jia-Sian Hsieh, Yu-Wei Quiroz Reyes, Carlos Jose Fan, Ting-Hsuan Sun, Han-Sheng Nguyem, Ai-Phuong Liu, Te-I Cheng, Ho-Wen Lin, Ching-Wei Hayashi, Michitoshi Yong, Chaw-Keong Department of Physics National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences Academia Sinica Taipei106319 Taiwan International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering Taipei Medical University New Taipei235603 Taiwan Department of Chemistry National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu300044 Taiwan International Graduate Program of Molecular Science and Technology National Taiwan University Taipei106319 Taiwan Center for Condensed Matter Sciences National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan Center of Atomic Initiative for New Materials National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan National Center for Theoretical Sciences Taipei10617 Taiwan

This study introduces a novel paradigm for achieving widely tunable many-body Fano quantum interference in low-dimensional semiconducting nanostructures, beyond the conventional requirement of closely matched energy levels between discrete and continuum states observed in atomic Fano systems. Leveraging Floquet engineering, the remarkable tunability of Fano lineshapes is demonstrated, even when the original discrete and continuum states are separated by over 1 eV. Specifically, by controlling the quantum pathways of discrete phonon Raman scattering using femtosecond laser pulses, the Raman intermediate states across the excitonic Floquet band are tuned. This manipulation yields continuous transitions of Fano lineshapes from antiresonance to dispersive and to symmetric Lorentzian profiles, accompanied by significant variations in Fano parameter q and Raman intensity spanning 2 orders of magnitude. A subtle shift in the excitonic Floquet resonance is further shown, achieved by controlling the intensity of the femtosecond laser, which profoundly modifies quantum interference strength from destructive to constructive interference. The study reveals the crucial roles of Floquet engineering in coherent light-matter interactions and opens up new avenues for coherent control of Fano quantum interference over a broad energy spectrum in low-dimensional semiconducting nanostructures. © 2024 The Author(s). Advanced science published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： Femtosecond lasers

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A Local Polyak-Lojasiewicz and Descent Lemma of Gradient Descent For Overparametrized Linear Models

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Xu, Ziqing Min, Hancheng Tarmoun, Salma Mallada, Enrique Vidal, René Department of Statistics and Data Science the Wharton School University of Pennsylvania United States University of Pennsylvania United States Graduate Group in Applied Mathematics and Computational Science University of Pennsylvania United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Johns Hopkins University United States Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering Department of Radiology University of Pennsylvania United States

Most prior work on the convergence of gradient descent (GD) for overparameterized neural networks relies on strong assumptions on the step size (infinitesimal), the hidden-layer width (infinite), or the initialization (large, spectral, balanced). Recent efforts to relax these assumptions focus on two-layer linear networks trained with the squared loss. In this work, we derive a linear convergence rate for training two-layer linear neural networks with GD for general losses and under relaxed assumptions on the step size, width, and initialization. A key challenge in deriving this result is that classical ingredients for deriving convergence rates for nonconvex problems, such as the Polyak-Lojasiewicz (PL) condition and Descent Lemma, do not hold globally for overparameterized neural networks. Here, we prove that these two conditions hold locally with local constants that depend on the weights. Then, we provide bounds on these local constants, which depend on the initialization of the weights, the current loss, and the global PL and smoothness constants of the non-overparameterized model. Based on these bounds, we derive a linear convergence rate for GD. Our convergence analysis not only improves upon prior results but also suggests a better choice for the step size, as verified through our numerical experiments. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Dynamic models

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Higher-order rich-club phenomenon in collaborative research grant networks

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2022年

作者： Nakajima, Kazuki Shudo, Kazuyuki Masuda, Naoki Department of Mathematical and Computing Science Tokyo Institute of Technology Meguro-ku Tokyo152-8552 Japan Department of Mathematics State University of New York at Buffalo Buffalo14260 United States Academic Center for Computing and Media Studies Kyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto606-8501 Japan Computational and Data-Enabled Science and Engineering Program State University of New York at Buffalo Buffalo14260 United States Faculty of Science and Engineering Waseda University Tokyo169-8555 Japan

Modern scientific work, including writing papers and submitting research grant proposals, increasingly involves researchers from different institutions. In grant collaborations, it is known that institutions involved in many collaborations tend to densely collaborate with each other, forming rich clubs. Here we investigate higher-order rich-club phenomena in networks of collaborative research grants among institutions and their associations with research impact. Using publicly available data from the National science Foundation in the US, we construct a bipartite network of institutions and collaborative grants, which distinguishes among the collaboration with different numbers of institutions. By extending the concept and algorithms of the rich club for dyadic networks to the case of bipartite networks, we find rich clubs both in the entire bipartite network and the bipartite subnetwork induced by the collaborative grants involving a given number of institutions up to five. We also find that the collaborative grants within rich clubs tend to be more productive in a per-dollar sense than the control. Our results highlight advantages of collaborative grants among the institutions in the rich clubs. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

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