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Structural properties of hyperuniform Voronoi networks

Physical Review E 2025年第3期111卷 034123-034123页

作者： Eli Newby Wenlong Shi Yang Jiao Reka Albert Salvatore Torquato Department of Physics Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania 16802 USA Materials Science and Engineering Arizona State University Tempe Arizona 85287 USA Department of Physics Arizona State University Tempe Arizona 85287 USA Department of Chemistry Princeton University Princeton New Jersey 08544 USA Department of Physics Princeton University Princeton New Jersey 08544 USA Princeton Institute of Materials Princeton University Princeton New Jersey 08544 USA Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics Princeton University Princeton New Jersey 08544 USA

Disordered hyperuniform many-particle systems are recently discovered exotic states of matter, characterized by the complete suppression of normalized infinite-wavelength density fluctuations, as in perfect crystals, while lacking conventional long-range order, as in liquids and glasses. In this work, we begin a program to quantify the structural properties of nonhyperuniform and hyperuniform networks. In particular, large two-dimensional (2D) Voronoi networks (graphs) containing approximately 10,000 nodes are created from a variety of different point configurations, including the antihyperuniform hyperplane intersection process (HIP), nonhyperuniform Poisson process, nonhyperuniform random sequential addition (RSA) saturated packing, and both non-stealthy and stealthy hyperuniform point processes. We carry out an extensive study of the Voronoi-cell area distribution of each of the networks by determining multiple metrics that characterize the distribution, including their average areas and corresponding variances as well as higher-order cumulants (i.e., skewness γ1 and excess kurtosis γ2). We show that the HIP distribution is far from Gaussian, as evidenced by a high skewness (γ1=3.16) and large positive excess kurtosis (γ2=16.2). The Poisson (with γ1=1.07 and γ2=1.79) and non-stealthy hyperuniform (with γ1=0.257 and γ2=0.0217) distributions are Gaussian-like distributions, since they exhibit a small but positive skewness and excess kurtosis. The RSA (with γ1=0.450 and γ2=−0.0384) and the highest stealthy hyperuniform distributions (with γ1=0.0272 and γ2=−0.0626) are also non-Gaussian because of their low skewness and negative excess kurtosis, which is diametrically opposite of the non-Gaussian behavior of the HIP. The fact that the cell-area distributions of large, finite-sized RSA and stealthy hyperuniform networks (e.g., with N≈10,000 nodes) are narrower, have larger peaks, and smaller tails than a Gaussian distribution implies that in the thermodynamic limit th

关键词： Gaussian distribution

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Pink pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius) as a natural antioxidant in artisanal smoked pork sausages

Food and Humanity

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Food and Humanity 2025年 4卷

作者： dos Santos, Pedro Henrique Dutra Weis, Cláudia Moreira Santa Catharina Zanette, Cristina Maria Bertan, Larissa Canhadas Tormen, Luciano Bainy, Eduarda Molardi Food Science and Technology Graduate Program Federal University of Fronteira Sul (UFFS) BR 158 Parana Laranjeiras do Sul 85319-899 Brazil Food Engineering Department Midwestern State University (Unicentro) Parana Guarapuava 85040-167 Brazil

Pink pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius) is a native plant from Brazil, and its fruits contain bioactive compounds with antioxidant properties. Meat products are naturally susceptible to lipid oxidation due to the characteristics of the raw material. Consequently, natural alternatives that can replace synthetic additives in these products may be an alternative. This study aimed to produce an artisanal smoked pork sausage with the addition of pink pepper and evaluate the product's antioxidant properties. The dehydrated pink pepper was characterized for phenolic compounds, chemical composition via GC-MS, and antioxidant activity (DPPH and FRAP assays). Five formulations of smoked pork sausage were prepared: a control, three with pink pepper powder (0.5 %, 1.0 %, and 1.5 %), and a formulation with BHT (0.01 %). The sausages were analyzed for pH, titratable acidity, instrumental color, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay at the beginning of the manufacture and every 5 days over 30 days of storage at 25 ºC. Due to the product's artisanal nature, the analysis period was shortened. The formulation with the best results was characterized by proximate, microbiological, and sensory analyses. The pink pepper demonstrated promising antioxidant capacity in the samples evaluated. The pH remained stable at around 5.4, while titratable acidity varied across the formulations, with values increasing over the storage. The addition of 0.5 % pink pepper effectively prevented lipid oxidation compared to the control and BHT formulation. This formulation had high protein and low lipid contents. It also presented good sensory acceptance and purchase intention. Pink pepper can be a viable natural alternative to synthetic antioxidants, especially for use in meat products and artisanal smoked sausages. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Antioxidant activity Lipid oxidation Meat products Schinus terebinthifolius

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Temporal refraction and reflection in modulated mechanical metabeams: theory and physical observation

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Wang, Shaoyun Shao, Nan Chen, Hui Chen, Jiaji Qian, Honghua Wu, Qian Duan, Huiling Alù, Andrea Huang, Guoliang Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of Missouri ColumbiaMO65211 United States Center for Mechanics Plus Under Extreme Environments School of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics Ningbo University Ningbo315211 China Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research Center City University of New York New YorkNY United States Physics Program Graduate Center City University of New York New YorkNY United States Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science College of Engineering Peking University Beijing100871 China

Wave reflection and refraction at a time interface follow different conservation laws compared to conventional scattering at a spatial interface. This study presents the experimental demonstration of refraction and reflection of flexural waves across a temporal boundary in a continuum-based mechanical metabeam, and unveils opportunities that emerge by tailoring temporal scattering phenomena for phononic applications. We observe these phenomena in an elastic beam attached to an array of piezoelectric patches that can vary in time the effective elastic properties of the beam. Frequency conversion and phase conjugation are observed upon a single temporal interface. These results are consistent with the temporal Snell’s law and Fresnel equations for temporal interfaces. Further, we illustrate the manipulation of amplitude and frequency spectra of flexural wave temporal refraction and reflection through multi-stepped temporal interfaces. Finally, by implementing a smooth time variation of wave impedance, we numerically and experimentally demonstrate the capabilities of the temporal metabeam to realize waveform morphing and information coding. Our findings lay the foundation for developing time-mechanical metamaterials and time-phononic crystals, offering new avenues for advanced phonon manipulation in both wave amplitude and frequency. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Phonons

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Efficient First-Principles Framework for Overdamped Phonon Dynamics and Anharmonic Electron-Phonon Coupling in Superionic Materials

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Wang, Yuxuan Zacharias, Marios Zhang, Xiao Pant, Nick Even, Jacky Poudeu, Pierre F.P. Kioupakis, Emmanouil Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Univ Rennes INSA Rennes CNRS Institut FOTON - UMR 6082 RennesF-35000 France Applied Physics Program University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences The University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States

Relying on the anharmonic special displacement method, we introduce an ab initio quasistatic polymorphous framework to describe local disorder, anharmonicity, and electron-phonon coupling in superionic conductors. Using the example of cubic Cu2Se, we show that positional polymorphism yields extremely overdamped anharmonic vibrations while preserving transverse acoustic phonons, consistent with experiments. We also demonstrate well-defined electronic band structures with large band gap openings due to polymorphism of 1.0 eV and calculate anharmonic electron-phonon renormalization, yielding band gap narrowing with increasing temperature in agreement with previous measurements. Our approach opens the way for efficient ab initio electronic structure calculations in superionic crystals to elucidate their compelling high figure-of-merit. © 2025, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Energy gap

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Air-liquid microfluidics-integrated surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for selective molecular adsorption and detection to achieve bacterial discrimination

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Biosensors and Bioelectronics 2025年 285卷 117576页

作者： Ku, Chi-Yao Chiang, Yu-Wei Hsu, Huai-Yuan Cheng, Ho-Wen Chen, Ko-Lun Han, Yin-Yi Wang, Juen-Kai Wang, Yuh-Lin Huang, Nien-Tsu Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan Molecular Science and Technology Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan International Graduate Program of Molecular Science and Technology National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Department of Anesthesiology National Taiwan University Hospital Taipei100229 Taiwan Department of Trauma National Taiwan University Hospital Taipei100229 Taiwan Center for Condensed Matter Sciences National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Center for Atomic Initiative for New Materials National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan

Bacterial discrimination is crucial for accurate microbiological diagnosis and timely antibiotic treatment. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is an ideal technique due to its non-invasive, label-free molecular sensing capabilities. By analyzing bacterial supernatants, containing various purine derivatives, SERS can differentiate bacterial species based on their unique spectral distributions. However, the same bacterial species with different antibiotic resistance may secrete similar purine derivatives, differing only slightly in composition. Furthermore, each purine derivative may have a different molecular affinity to the SERS substrate, making it difficult to distinguish the exact molecular ratio. To improve SERS-based bacterial discrimination, we propose an air-liquid microfluidics-integrated SERS system (ALM-SERS) that selectively adsorbs and detects bacterial secretions. By taking features of precise microdroplet manipulation and contact area from microfluidics and features of selective molecular adsorption and fingerprints characterization from the SERS technique, we successfully perform a "sequential molecular adsorption" strategy to address the signal interference of complicated molecular mixtures in existing SERS methods. As a proof of concept, we first evaluate the molecular affinity of purine derivatives and then demonstrate the competitive analyte adsorption using adenine/cytosine and hypoxanthine/uracil sample mixtures. Finally, we tested six bacterial supernatants, including two Gram types and four strains with identical taxonomy but differing antibiotic resistance. Another six clinically isolated bacterial samples with different antibiotic resistance were also applied. Our results showed that a successful bacterial discrimination between similar species was not possible using a single SERS spectrum. In summary, the ALM-SERS system offers a powerful approach for bacterial discrimination, even when spectral differences are subtle. Beyond microb

关键词： Raman spectroscopy

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Hydrogen Storage Properties of the Ti18V24Nb23Cr33Al2Multicomponent Alloy Using Ti6V4Al Alloy Scraps as Feedstock Material

ACS Sustainable Resource Management

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ACS Sustainable Resource Management 2025年第5期2卷 807-814页

作者： Mariana de Brito Ferraz Claudia Zlotea Walter José Botta Guilherme Zepon Federal University of São Carlos Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering (PPGCEM/UFSCar) Rodovia Washington Luiz Km 235 São Carlos 13565-905 São Paulo Brazil Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux de Paris-Est CNRS UMR 7182 2-8 Rue Henri Dunant 94320 Thiais France Federal University of São Carlos Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering (PPGCEM/UFSCar) Rodovia Washington Luiz Km 235 São Carlos 13565-905 São Paulo Brazil；Federal University of São Carlos Department of Materials Engineering (DEMa/UFSCar) Rodovia Washington Luiz Km 235 São Carlos 13565-905 São Paulo Brazil

Hydrogen storage in metal hydrides has been extensively studied due to their capacity to reversibly absorb hydrogen under relatively low pressures. Multicomponent alloys, especially those of the Ti-V-Nb-Cr system, have garnered significant attention because of the possibility of fine-tuning the hydrogen storage properties by compositional control. However, most of the investigations on multicomponent alloys rely on high-purity elements as feedstock materials, which can have a substantial environmental impact due to the energy-intensive processes required to achieve such purity levels. In this work, we propose an alternative approach by utilizing Ti6Al4V alloy (ASTM F136) scraps from the biomedical industry as feedstock material to produce Ti18Nb23V24Cr33Al2. The alloy was synthesized by using an arc-melting process, combining Ti6Al4V scraps with other pure elements. Structural analysis using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the formation of a microstructure composed predominantly by a body-centered cubic (BCC) solid solution with a small micro segregation providing additional microstructural insights. The Ti18Nb23V24Cr33Al2alloy exhibited a hydrogen storage capacity of 2.75 wt % H2with room temperature reversibility, presenting hydrogen storage properties comparable to those of a (TiVNb)65Cr35alloy produced only from high-purity *** study presents a sustainable approach to producing Ti18Nb23V24Cr33Al2alloy from Ti6Al4V machine chips, achieving efficient hydrogen storage with reduced environmental impact.

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CIWARS: A Web Server for Antibiotic Resistance Surveillance Using Longitudinal Metagenomic Data

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Journal of Molecular Biology 2025年

作者： Emon, Muhit Islam Cheung, Yat Fei Stoll, James Rumi, Monjura Afrin Brown, Connor Choi, Joung Min Moumi, Nazifa Ahmed Ahmed, Shafayat Song, Haoqiu Sein, Justin Yao, Shunyu Khan, Ahmad Gupta, Suraj Kulkarni, Rutwik Butt, Ali Vikesland, Peter Pruden, Amy Zhang, Liqing Department of Computer Science Virginia Tech Blacksburg 24060 VA United States Fralin Life Science Institute Virginia Tech Blacksburg 24060 VA United States Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Virginia Tech Blacksburg 24060 VA United States The Interdisciplinary PhD Program in Genetics Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Virginia Tech Blacksburg 24060 VA United States

The rise of antibiotic resistance (AR) poses a substantial threat to human and animal health, food security, and economic stability. Wastewater-based surveillance (WBS) has emerged as a powerful strategy for population-level AR monitoring, providing valuable data to guide public health and policy decisions. Metagenomic sequencing is especially promising, as it can yield comprehensive profiles of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and other genes relevant to AR in a single run. However, online analytical platforms to facilitate analysis of longitudinal metagenomic data are lacking. To address this, we introduce CyberInfrastructure for Waterborne Antibiotic Resistance Surveillance (CIWARS), a web server configured for characterizing key AR trends from longitudinal metagenomic WBS data. CIWARS offers comprehensive profiling of ARGs and taxonomic profiling of pathogen-associated bacterial taxonomic groups, identifies potential associations of ARGs with mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and pathogen-containing taxa, and assesses resistome risk based on the co-occurrence of ARGs, MGEs, and pathogen-like sequences. Additionally, it detects anomalous AR indicators over time, aiding in identifying potential events of concern, such as the emergence of resistant strains or outbreaks. Through interactive temporal data visualization, CIWARS enables AR monitoring and can serve as a tool to inform effective and timely interventions to mitigate the spread and transmission of AR. Here, CIWARS is demonstrated using longitudinal metagenomic data from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) influent and effluent, but it can be extended to any environment. CIWARS provides a valuable tool to support global efforts to combat the evolution and spread of AR, while also guiding agricultural and public health efforts aimed at optimizing antibiotic use. The web server is freely available at https://***/. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： anomaly detection antibiotic resistance (AR) AR indicator profiling longitudinal metagenomics wastewater-based surveillance

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Innovative graduate program in computational science and engineering

Innovative graduate program in computational science and eng...

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2005 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition: The Changing Landscape of engineering and Technology Education in a Global World

作者： Kelkar, Ajit D. Mohan, Ram Tang, Guoqing Radhakrishnan, N. Murray, Kenneth Computational Science and Engineering Program North Carolina A and T State University Greensboro NC 27411 United States Computational Science and Engineering Program United States Department of Mechanical Engineering North Carolina A and T State University United States Department of Mathematics North Carolina A and T State University United States Research and Economic Development North Carolina A and T State University United States Graduate School Academic Affairs North Carolina A and T State University United States North Carolina A and T State University United States

North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University (NCA&T) has established a master's degree program in computational science and engineering (CSE). The CSE master's program would have three tracks with a focus on computational science, but distinguish across the domain areas of specialization. The goal of the track is to produce biological and life scientists, business professionals and economists and agricultural scientists with focus and expertise in computational sciences and the primary domain areas.

关键词： Curricula

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Transfer Learning for Keypoint Detection in Low-Resolution Thermal TUG Test Images

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Chen, Wei-Lun Hsieh, Chia-Yeh Kao, Yu-Hsiang Liu, Kai-Chun Peng, Sheng-Yu Tsao, Yu Research Center for Information Technology Innovation Academic Sinica Taiwan Graduate Institute of Electrical Engineering National Taiwan University Taiwan Bachelor’s Program in Medical Informatics and Innovative Applications Fu Jen Catholic University Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering National Taiwan University Taiwan College of Information and Computer Sciences University of Massachusetts AmherstMA01003 United States Department of Electrical Engineering National Taiwan University of Science of Technology Taiwan

This study presents a novel approach to human keypoint detection in low-resolution thermal images using transfer learning techniques. We introduce the first application of the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test in thermal image computer vision, establishing a new paradigm for mobility assessment. Our method leverages a MobileNetV3-Small encoder and a ViTPose decoder, trained using a composite loss function that balances latent representation alignment and heatmap accuracy. The model was evaluated using the Object Keypoint Similarity (OKS) metric from the COCO Keypoint Detection Challenge. The proposed model achieves better performance with AP, AP50, and AP75 scores of 0.861, 0.942, and 0.887 respectively, outperforming traditional supervised learning approaches like Mask R-CNN and ViTPose-Base. Moreover, our model demonstrates superior computational efficiency in terms of parameter count and FLOPS. This research lays a solid foundation for future clinical applications of thermal imaging in mobility assessment and rehabilitation monitoring. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Thermography (imaging)

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AgriField3D: A Curated 3D Point Cloud and Procedural Model Dataset of Field-Grown Maize from a Diversity Panel

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Kimara, Elvis Hadadi, Mozhgan Godbersen, Jackson Balu, Aditya Jubery, Talukder Li, Yawei Krishnamurthy, Adarsh Schnable, Patrick S. Ganapathysubramanian, Baskar Department of Computer Science Iowa State University Ames United States Translational AI Research and Education Center Ames United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Iowa State University Ames United States Plant Science Institute Iowa State University Ames United States Interdepartmental Genetics and Genomics Graduate Program Iowa State University Ames United States Department of Agronomy Iowa State University Ames United States

The application of artificial intelligence (AI) in three-dimensional (3D) agricultural research, particularly for maize, has been limited by the scarcity of large-scale, diverse datasets. While 2D image datasets are abundant, they fail to capture essential structural details such as leaf architecture, plant volume, and spatial arrangements that 3D data provide. To address this limitation, we present AgriField3D (website), a curated dataset of 3D point clouds of field-grown maize plants from a diverse genetic panel, designed to be AI-ready for advancing agricultural research. Our dataset comprises over 1,000 high-quality point clouds collected using a Terrestrial Laser Scanner, complemented by procedural models that provide structured, parametric representations of maize plants. These procedural models, generated using Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines (NURBS) and optimized via a two-step process combining Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and differentiable programming, enable precise, scalable reconstructions of leaf surfaces and plant architectures. To enhance usability, we performed graph-based segmentation to isolate individual leaves and stalks, ensuring consistent labeling across all samples. We also conducted rigorous manual quality control on all datasets, correcting errors in segmentation, ensuring accurate leaf ordering, and validating metadata annotations. The dataset further includes metadata detailing plant morphology and quality, alongside multi-resolution subsampled versions (100k, 50k, 10k points) optimized for various computational needs. By integrating point cloud data of field grown plants with high-fidelity procedural models and ensuring meticulous manual validation, AgriField3D provides a comprehensive foundation for AI-driven phenotyping, plant structural analysis, and 3D applications in agricultural research. © 2025, CC BY-NC-SA.

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