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COMPARATIVE STRUCTURAL LIFE ASSESSMENT OF PATROL BOAT BOTTOM PLATING

NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1990年第3期102卷 253-262页

作者： AYYUB, BM WHITE, GJ BELLWRIGHT, TF PURCELL, ES Bilal M. Ayyub:is currently an associate professor of civil engineering at the University of Maryland. He received his B.S. degree in civil engineering from the University of Kuwait in 1980. He completed both his M.S. (1981) and Ph.D. (1983) in civil engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology. Dr. Ayyub has an extensive background in risk-based analysis. He is engaged in research work involving structural reliability marine structures and mathematical modeling using the theories of probability statistics and fuzzy sets. His research work has been sponsored by the National Transportation Safety Board National Science Foundation U.S. Coast Guard Department of Defense State of Maryland and University of Maryland. He is the author of more than 100 publications in national and international journals conference proceedings and reports. Dr. Ayyub was a recipient of the ASNE “Jimmie” Hamilton Award for 1985 the ASCE “Outstanding Research Oriented Paper” in theJournal of Water Resources Planning and Managementfor 1987 and Edmund Friedman Young Engineer Award for Professional Achievement from ASCE for 1989. Gregory J. White:is an associate professor of naval architecture at the U.S. Naval Academy. He received his B.S. degreein engineering mechanics from Vanderbilt University in 1975 an M.E. degree in naval architecture from the University of California Berkeley in 1981 and a Ph.D. in civil engineering (structures) from the University of Maryland in 1986. Dr. White served on active duty with the U.S. Navy from 1975 to 1979 as a junior officer in the engineering and operations departments of Pacific Fleet destroyers. Prior to coming to the Naval Academy he worked at Mare Island Naval Shipyard in the scientific code and in the R&D division of Exxon International company's Tanker Department. Dr. White is the author of more than two dozen technical articles and reports and is one of the U.S. representatives to the International Ship and Offshore Structures Congress (ISSC). His research interests lie in t

The estimation of an absolute life expectancy of a structure is a complex process and the results are expected to have relatively large levels of uncertainty. In this study, a comparative analysis is undertaken between two different patrol boats. This is an approach which results in a higher confidence level because certain factors common to both boats can be eliminated by assuming them to be at constant normal levels. The study is limited to the critical forward bottom plating and takes into account the differences in material, plate dimensions, operational profile, structure and loading of the two vessels. Two failure modes, plastic plate deformation and fatigue, are considered, and a novel approach to plate wastage is included. Many factors affect the structural life of a vessel. They include structural type, operational profile, structural details, loads, inspection and maintenance, design methods, safety factors, corrosion, and environmental factors. There are three types of uncertainty associated with these factors; namely, physical randomness, statistical uncertainties, and model uncertainties. The method described is designed to address these uncertainties. The objective of the paper is to present the reliability-based structural life assessment method, and then to use it to evaluate and compare the structural performance of the forward bottom plating of the two patrol boats. The results of the evaluation are presented in the form of graphs and tables in order to facilitate the comparative evaluation. The method is performed within a computer-based format which allows parametric sensitivity analysis of several variables including the size of the plating panel, thickness, operational profile and loading. The sensitivity of the structural life expectancy of the forward bottom plating to variations in these parameters is evaluated.

关键词： Naval Vessels

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CLEER - AN AI-SYSTEM DEVELOPED TO ASSIST EQUIPMENT ARRANGEMENTS ON WARSHIPS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1989年第3期101卷 127-137页

作者： ZHOU, HH SILVERMAN, BG SIMKOL, J Dr. H. Harry Zhou:is a research professor at the Institute for Artificial Intelligence of The George Washington University. Dr. Zhou received his master's degree and Ph.D. in computer science from Vanderbilt University in 1984 and 1987 respectively. He did his dissertation in the fields of artificial intelligence analogical reasoning and machine learning. His research interests include: classifier systems genetic algorithms learning by analogy inductive learning adaptive expert systems automated knowledge acquisition and adaption. He is also interested in data base design programming languages mental modeling and software engineering. Dr. Barry G. Silverman:is director of the Institute for Artificial Intelligence and a professor at the Engineering Administration Department of The George Washington University. He is also president of IntelliTek Inc. an AI consulting firm. Dr. Silverman received the B.S.E. M.S.E. and Ph.D. degrees from the University of Pennsylvania. He has been a principal developer of four generic AI products as well as eight AI applications. Since 1979 he has written over 100 papers and reports on these AI efforts. Joel Simkol:is a research scientist currently engaged in designing expert system architectures to support electronic warfare vulnerability analyses threat assessments shipboard topside antenna arrangements and C3countermeasures employment. Mr. Simkol's work in applying expert systems technology to electromagnetic interference and to spectrum management has generated increased interest and participation from all branches of government agencies.

This paper describes a modularized AI system being built to help improve electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) among shipboard topside equipment and their associated systems. CLEER is intended to act as an easy to use integrator of existing expert knowledge and pre-existing data bases and large scale analytical models. Due to these interfaces; to the need for portability of the software; and to artificial intelligence related design requirements (such as the need for spatial reasoning, expert data base management, model base management, track-based reasoning, and analogical (similar ship) reasoning) it was realized that traditional expert system shells would be inappropriate, although relatively off-the-shelf AI technology could be incorporated. In the same vein, the rapid prototyping approach to expert system design and knowledge engineering was not pursued in favor of a rigorous systems engineering methodology. The critical design decisions affecting CLEER's development are summarized in this paper along with lessons learned to date all in terms of “how,” “why,” and “when” specific features are being developed.

关键词： Artificial Intelligence

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ESTIMATION OF STRUCTURAL SERVICE LIFE OF SHIPS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1989年第3期101卷 156-166页

作者： AYYUB, BM WHITE, GJ PURCELL, ES P.E. Bilal M. Ayyub:is currently an associate professor of civil engineering at the University of Maryland. He received his B.S. degree in civil engineering from the University of Kuwait in 1980. He completed both his M.S. (1981) and Ph.D. (1983) in civil engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology. Dr. Ayyub has an extensive background in risk-based analysis and design simulation and construction engineering. He is engaged in research work involving structural reliability bridges marine structures and mathematical modeling using the theories of probability statistics and fuzzy sets. His research work is sponsored by the National Transportation Safety Board the National Science Foundation the U.S. Coast Guard the State of Maryland and the University of Maryland. Dr. Ayyub is a member of ASNE the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) the American Concrete Institute (ACI) the Committee on Forensic Engineering of ASCE and the Committee on Structural Safety of ACI. He is the author of more than three dozen publications in national and international journals conference proceedings and reports. Dr. Ayyub received the ASNE “Jimmie” Hamilton Award for 1985 and the ASCE “Outstanding Research Oriented Paper” in the Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management for 1987. Gregory J. White:is an associate professor of naval architecture at the U.S. Naval Academy. He received his B.S. degree in engineering mechanics from Vanderbilt University in 1975 an M.E. degree in naval architecture from the University of California Berkeley in 1981 and a Ph.D. in civil engineering (structures) from the University of Maryland in 1986. Dr. White served on active duty with the U.S. Navy from 1975 to 1979 as a junior officer in the engineering and operations departments of Pacific Fleet destroyers. Prior to coming to the Naval Academy he worked at Mare Island Naval Shipyard in the scientific code and in the R&D division of Exxon International Company's Tanker Department. Dr. White is a lieutenant commande

A methodology for the structural life assessment of a ship's structure is suggested. The methodology is based on probabilistic analysis using reliability concepts and the statistics of extremes. In this approach, the estimation of structural life expectancy is based on selected failure modes. All possible failure modes of the ship must be investigated and the most likely paths to structural failure identified. For the purpose of illustration two failure modes are considered in this study. They are plate plastic deformation and fatigue cracking. Structural life based on these two failure modes is determined for an example vessel. The methodology determines the probability of failure of the ship's structural components according to the identified failure modes as a function of time. The results can be interpreted as the cumulative probability distribution function (CDF) of structural life. Due to the unknown level of statistical correlation between failure modes, limits or bounds on the CDF of the structural life are established. The limits correspond to the extreme cases of fully correlated and independent failure modes. The CDFs of structural life are determined for two inspection strategies; namely, inspection every year and inspection every two years with a warranty inspection at the end of the first year. The meaning of the results for the case investigated in this study is that, for example, given an inspection strategy of two years and a desired life of 15 years, there is a 72% chance that the vessel will not experience enough partial damage‘ in the failure modes identified to constitute reaching the “end of structural life” as defined.

关键词： Ships

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A computer INTEGRATED ENGINEERING SYSTEM FOR design AND LIFE-CYCLE MANAGEMENT

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1986年第3期98卷 115-121页

作者： NICKODEMUS, GH YANUS, ID Irwin D. Yanusgraduated from the University of Pennsylvania with a bachelor's degree in arts and science in 1960 and a bachelor of science degree in mechanical engineering in 1961. In 1963 he received a master of science degree in mechanical engineering from Carnegie-Mellon University. Mr. Yanus is presently the manager of naval systems engineering in the Computer Aided Engineering Department of the Plant Engineering Division of Westinghouse Electric Corporation. His prior experience includes 19 years at the Bettis Atomic Power Laboratory where he performed assignments of increasing responsibility in design analysis development and procurement of nuclear reactor components for naval applications. As the manager of reactor mechanical design he was responsible for the mechanical design of theNimitzclass reactor components and control drive mechanism technology development. Mr. Yanus is a member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers. Glen H. Nickodemusgraduated from Michigan State University in 1964 with a bachelor of science degree in civil engineering. He joined the Pittsburgh-Des Moines Corporation in July of the same year. A master of science degree in civil engineering was obtained from Carnegie-Mellon University in 1973. In 1969 Mr. Nickodemus joined the Advanced Reactors Division of the Westinghouse Electric Corporation where he performed design and structural analysis functions for the development of the Fast Flux Test Facility and Clinch River Breeder Reactor Plant (CRBRP). As manager of CRBRP reactor engineering stress analysis he was responsible for the reactor vessel internals closure head control rod drivelines and miscellaneous guard vessels and head access area components. He is currently the manager of software development for the Computer Aided Engineering Department of the Plant Engineering Division. Mr. Nickodemus is a member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and is a registered professional engineer in Penn

This paper describes a computer integrated engineering system for design and life cycle management of weapons systems, ships and other multidisciplined systems. All engineering data are stored in a central engineering database. Individual application databases define and process information necessary for specific discipline evaluations. Interface modules between the application databases and the engineering database ensure that the entered data are complete, consistent, compatible, and in compliance with requirements. Conflicts are immediately identified and efficiently resolved. Implementation of the system improves design quality and reduces costs by minimizing the number of design iterations, reducing the effort to implement changes, providing effective storage and retrieval, and reducing the need for ship checks prior to modifications and alterations.

关键词： MILITARY ENGINEERING

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Some Extensions of the Open-Loop Balanced Approach for Model Reduction

Some Extensions of the Open-Loop Balanced Approach for Model...

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American Control Conference (ACC)

作者： J.M. Santiago M. Jamshidi Air Force Academy Colorado Springs CO USA Laboratory for Computer-Aided Design of Systems and Networks Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM USA Department of Electrical Engineering Air Force Institute of Technology USA

This paper provides some extensions of a powerful open-loop model reduction technique called balanced realization. Developed by Moore, this approach uses concepts of controllability and observability to determine a reduced-order model. Moore's work was developed for controllable, observable, and asymototically stable systems. This paper shows that balancing techniques can be easily extended to unstable systems. Furthermore, using another model reduction method, called chained aggregation, the balanced and chained aggregation methods can be easily combined for systems that are also unobservable and uncontrollable.

关键词： Reduced order systems Symmetric matrices Control systems Matrix decomposition Observability Controllability Force control Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions Laboratories design automation

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THE NO FRAME CONCEPT - ITS IMPACT ON SHIPYARD COST

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1984年第3期96卷 218-232页

作者： NAPPI, NS WALZ, RW WIERNICKI, CJ Natale S. Nappi:graduated from City College of New York in 1954 with a B.S. degree in civil engineering and received his M.S. in civil engineering from the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn in 1959. He began his professional career in 1954 at the New York Naval Shipyard as a naval architect (structures) performing detail structural design and fabrication studies for CVAs LPDs DDs and CGs and eventually became a supervisory naval architect (structures). From 1965 to 1973 he was a member of the staff of the Computer-Aided Design Division at the David Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center (DTNSRDC). As such he was involved in the development of the computer structural design tool the SSDP (in association with Frank M. Lev) and automated detail design programs (CASDOS). His current position is Senior Naval Architect Consultant in the structural integrity group of the Ship Structures Division Structures Department DTNSRDC. Mr. Nappi is the author and co-author of numerous technical papers and reports covering a wide spectrum of topics such as automated structural design process design for producibility and survivability material weight and cost trade-off studies and structural weight determination for high performance ships (i.e. SES SWATH HYSWAS). He has lectured on the subjects of design for survivability and ship structures at the Naval Post Graduate School and MIT. He is a member of ASNE ASCE U.S. Naval Institute Sigma Xi and is a registered Professional Engineer in the State of New York. Mr. Nappi was a member of the NAVSEA working commitee for the computer supported design planning effort and is currently a member of the DTNSRDC ASSET Advisory Committee. Ronald W. Walz:graduated in 1974 from Pennsylvania State University with a B.S. degree in civil engineering. He began his professional career in 1974 at the David Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center as a structural engineer in the structural design concepts group of the Ship Structures Division Structures Department.

A proposed cost effective alternative to current U.S. Navy structurally configured hulls is presented in this paper. This proposed design for producibility concept involves the elimination of structural stanchions and transverse web frames. The potential impact of this “no frame” concept on structural design, weight and construction and material costs for naval surface frigates and destroyers is reflected in 1) reduced costs for the installation of distributive systems and 2) a reduced number and complexity of structural details providing a more reliable and less costly structure. This study was performed in three parts: 1) Determine the most feasible length between bulkheads without frames; 2) Using this length perform detail weight studies and construction and material costs analysis comparison on a 72-foot long hull module, with and without frames, for a FFG-7, and 3) Estimate the saving in man hours of labor on the installation of distributive systems and shipfitting for an FFG-7. For the feasible length studies on the “no frame” structural configuration, thirty-seven strength, weight and vertical center of gravity studies were performed on two ship classes; twenty-two on the FFG-7 class and fifteen on the DD-963 class. The detailed weight studies and construction and material cost analyses were conducted for FFG-7 “no frame” and “as built” modules. Results indicating the “no frame” concept module was 6.8% heavier and 14.8% less costly than the “as built” module. For the impact of an FFG-7 “no frame” structurally configured hull on the cost of labor required for the installation of distributive systems and for other functional work such as ship fitting, welding, and electrical, this study indicated a reduction of 169,206 labor hours per ship, representing 7.12% of the total required man hours to fabricate an FFG-7 class ship. With the employment of the “no frame” concept, certain areas of significant concern and potential risk were addressed. These include: 1) t

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ARCTIC TRAFFICABILITY PROGRAM - A REVIEW

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1984年第3期96卷 169-175页

作者： VOELKER, R GLEN, IF SEIBOLD, F BAYLY, I Richard Voelker:is Vice President of ARCTEC Incorporated a firm specializing in cold regions technology. He has been responsible for the management of thePolarClass Traffic-ability Program since its inception and annually participates in the field data collection in the Arctic. His prior experience includes positions with the U.S. Coast Guard in the icebreaker design project the Military Sealift Command and at Newport News Shipbuilding. He is a graduate of N. Y.S. Maritime College and has a MS degree from the University of Michigan. I.F. Glen:received his professional degrees in naval architecture from the Royal Naval Engineering College Manadon Plymouth and RN College Greenwich London entering the Royal Corps of Naval Constructors in 1967. After serving as a Constructor Lieutenant in the Royal Navy's Far East Fleet for a short period he joined the Polaris submarine project team in Bath England in 1968. In 1971 he was seconded to the Canadian Department of National Defense in Ottawa as a Constructor Lieutenant Commander under NATO exchange arrangements where he had responsibilities initially for conventional submarines and latterly for computer aided conceptual design. He ventured to Bath England in 1974 and joined Forward Design Group. In 1975 he took a position as a civilian engineer in the Canadian Defense Department and was Head of Hull Systems Engineering from 1977 to 1979. He joined ARCTEC CANADA LIMITED in 1980 and in addition to managing ice model testing projects and full scale trials has specialized in structural response of ships to ice impact. He headed ARCTEC's Kanata Laboratory from 1981 to 1983 when he was promoted to president. Frederick Seibold:is a research program manager with the Maritime Administration's Office of Advanced Ship Development and Technology. He is responsible for the marine science program which includes research in the areas of ship powering structures and propeller performance and Arctic technology. Mr. Seibold has been employed by Mar Ad since 1961 having hel

This paper describes a multiyear program to make an operational assessment on the feasibility of a year-round Arctic marine transportation system to serve Alaska. Specifically, the three objectives were to: collect meteorological and ice data along potential marine routes; instrument the hull and propulsion machinery to improve design critera for ice-worthy ships; and demonstrate that ships can operate in midwinter Alaskan Arctic ice conditions. The U.S. Coast Guard's Polar class icebreakers were used to make the operational assessment by annually extending the route northward and by operating throughout the winter season. This paper reviews some of the operational and technical achievements to date, as well as plans for future Arctic deployments.

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THE STRUCTURAL SYNTHESIS design PROGRAM - ITS IMPACT ON THE FLEET

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1983年第3期95卷 87-99页

作者： WIERNICKI, CJ GOODING, TG NAPPI, NS Mr. Christopher J. Wiernicki:graduated from Vanderbilt University in 1980 with a B.E. degree in Structural Engineering. Upon graduation he began his professional career at the David Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center. As a structural engineer in the Surface Ship Structures Division Mr. Wiernicki was responsible for developing improved methods and procedures for designing and evaluating structural systems for surf ace combatants. Specific projects included design for producibility development and evaluation of automated ship structural design methods and participation in the structural design of the CG 49 Cruiser and the current DDG 51 Destroyer. In 1982 Mr. Wiernicki received his M.S. degree in Ocean Engineering from George Washington University. Mr. Wiernicki is a recipient of the SNAME 1982-82 Graduate Scholarship and is currently doing post graduate work in Naval Architecture at Massachusetts Institute of Technology he is a member of ASNE SNAME ASCE and Chi Epsilon. Mr. Thomas G. Gooding:graduated in 1975 from the University of Michigan with B.S. degrees in Oceanography and Naval Architecture. After graduation he began his professional career at the Naval Ship Engineering Center (NA VSEC) as a structural engineer. From 1975 till 1978 Mr. Gooding worked in the area of ship dry docking and was the structural task leader on the complex overhaul ofUSS Long Beach (CGN-9). Mr. Gooding returned to the University of Michigan to receive a M.S. in Naval Architecture in 1979. Currently Mr. Gooding is the structural task leader on the DDGX/DDG 51 program at the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA). Mr. Gooding is a member of SNAME and the Naval Institute. Mr. Natale S. Nappi:graduated from City College of New York in 1954 with a Bachelor of Civil Engineering and received his M.S. in Civil Engineering from Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn in 1959. He began his professional career in 1964 at the New York Naval Shipyard as a Naval Architect (Structure) performing detail structural design and fabrication s

The structural design of a ship's section is a complicated, repetitive and time consuming task. With the advent of new technology, high speed computers have enabled the ship designer to accomplish in a matter of seconds what would formerly take days to accomplish by hand. The Structural Synthesis design Program (SSDP) is a N avy developed computer-aided design tool which is used to design (or to analyze) the longitudinal scantlings for a variety of ship cross sections, consisting of any practical combinations of decks, platforms, bulkheads and materials, i.e., various steel and aluminum alloys. The final hull section design will have the lowest practical weight for the chosen geometric configuration, structural arrangements, and imposed loadings. The scantling developed by the program will satisfy all U.S. N avy ship structural design criteria. An explanation of the objective and design elements of N avy ship structures is included. The rationale behind the SSDP design philosophy is developed along with the significant program capabilities. In an attempt to highlight the influence of automated design procedures on the current naval ship design process, the effect of the SSDP on the DDG 51 destroyer structural development is addressed.

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MACHINERY ARRANGEMENT design - A PERSPECTIVE

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1981年第3期93卷 133-141页

作者： RESNER, ME KLOMPARENS, SH LYNCH, JP Mr. Michael E. Resner:received an Engineering Degree from Texas A&M University in 1966 and has done graduate work in management at American University. He is Director Machinery Arrangements/Control Systems and Industrial Facilities Division (SEA 525) at the Naval Sea Systems Command. His previous positions have included Program Manager Solar Total Energy Program at the Department of Energy and Branch Chief Machinery Control Systems Branch at the Naval Ship Engineering Center. Mr. Stephen H. Klomparens:is a Naval Architect at Designers & Planners Inc. and is engaged in development of computer aids for ship design. He received his B.S.E. degree in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering from the University of Michigan in 1973 and his M.S. degree in Computer Science from the Johns Hopkins University. Mr. Kolmparens began his professional career at Hydronautics Inc. in 1974 where he was involved in the use of marine laboratory facilities for test and development of conventional and advanced marine craft. Since 1977 he has been involved with naval and commercial ship design and with development of computer-aided ship design tools. Mr. John P. Lynch:is a Principal Marine Engineer with Hydronautics Inc. He was previously employed in the auxiliary machinery and computer-aided design divisions of the David W. Taylor Naval Ship R&D Center the machinery design division of the New York Naval Shipyard and the machinery arrangement code of the Bureau of Ships. His active naval service was as a ship superintendent in the production department of the Long Beach Naval Shipyard. Mr. Lynch received his B. S. degree in Marine Engineering from the New York State Maritime College and his M.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering from Columbia University. He is a licensed Professional Engineer in the State of New York and a member of ASNE.

The machinery arrangement design process has remained relatively unchanged over the years. Recently, external demands have been placed on both the product and the producers that call for changes to this process. This paper cites these external demands and traces the evolution of the process changes from the rule-of-thumb machinery box sizing routines up to the current automated procedures. The machinery arrangement design practice is presented, and existing analytic and graphics aids are discussed. The user requirements for improved design aids are presented, with implementation guidelines and hardware/software alternatives.

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computer AIDS FOR SHIP design, INTEGRATION AND CONTROL

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1980年第2期92卷 73-87页

作者： CARLSON, CM JOHNSON, RA HELMING, FW Mr. Craig M. Carlson received his B.S. degree in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering from the University of Michigan in 1970 and began his career with the Department of the Navy at the Naval Ship Engineering Center (NAVSEC). In 1972. he returned to the University of Michigan under the NAVSEC Long Term Training Program and received his M.S. degree in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering. After returning to the Ship Arrangements Branch at NAVSEC. he was assigned as Task Leader for General Arrangements for the PGG PCG PHM. and MCM ship designs and was awarded Outstanding Performance Awards in 1974 and 1975. In addition he was Manager of the Arrangement Subsystem of the Navy's Computer-Aided Ship Design and Construction Program (CASDAC). In October 1979. he became Manager of the CASDAC Hull Design System. Currently. he also is enrolled in the M.S. of Computer Science Program at Johns Hopkins University. Mr. Carlson previously has presented technical papers at ASNE Day 1974 and 1978 as well as at the 1979 DOD Manufacturing Technology Advisory Group Conference. Besides ASNE. which he joined in 1972. he is a member of SNAME. ASE. and the U.S. Naval Institute. Mr. Robert A. Johnson is a Naval Architect in Surface Combatants Design (SEA 03D3). Ship Design Integration Directorate Naval Sea Systems Command. He received an Associate in Engineering degree in Drafting and Design Technology in 1959. his B.S. degree in Aerospace Engineering in 1965. and his M.S. degree in Engineering Mechanics in 1970. all from the Pennsylvania State University. In 1973. he was selected for the NA VSEC Hull Division s Long Term Training Program at the University of Michigan subsequently receiving his M.S.E. degree in Naval Architecture in 1974. Mr. Johnson began his career with the Ordnance Research Laboratory at Pennsylvania State University in 1959 where he worked. on the design of hydroelastic submarine models and conducted research in the area of flow induced structural vibrations. In 1967 he joined HRB-Singer at State Colle

This paper presents an integrated approach to computer-aided Ship design for U.S. Navy preliminary and contract design. An integrated Hull design System (HDS), currently under development by the Hull Group of the Naval Sea systems Command (NAVSEA 32). is the vehicle for the discussion. This paper is directed toward practicing ship design professionals and the managers of the ship design process. Primary emphasis of this paper, and of the development effort currently under way, is on aiding ship design professionals in their work. Focus is on integration and management control of the extremely complex set of processes which make up naval ship design. The terminology of the Ship designer and design Manager is used. The reader needs no familiarity with the technologies of computer science.

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