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Nanoimprint lithography-assisted block copolymer self-assembly for hyperfine fabrication of magnetic patterns based on L10-FePt nanoparticles

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第5期68卷 2027-2034页

作者： Jie Zhang Yi Chen Guijun Li Zelin Sun Zhengong Meng Wai-Yeung Wong Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology and Research Institute for Smart Energy The Hong Kong Polytechnic University The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute Division of Integrative Systems and Design and Department of Electronic and Computer EngineeringThe Hong Kong University of Science and Technology School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University

L10-FePt-type bit-patterned media has provided a promising alternative for ultrahigh-density magnetic recording systems in the current digital era, but rapid fabrication of magnetic patterns with hyperfine bit islands is still challenging, especially with the target for miniaturization and scalable production simultaneously. Herein, Fe,Pt-containing block copolymers were utilized as single-source precursors for solution-processable patterning and subsequent generation of the demanding magnetic FePt dots by in situ pyrolysis. High-throughput nanoimprint lithography was initially employed to fabricate the predefined bit cells precisely,and then the intrinsic self-assembly of phase-separated block copolymers further drove the formation of accurate bit *** from the synergistic effect of top-down lithographic approach and bottom-up self-assembly, the customizable patterns could be achieved for large-scale mass production in targeted areas, but high-density isolated dots could also be accurately aligned along the patterned features after subsequent self-assembly. This reliable strategy would provide a good avenue to precisely construct ultrahigh-density magnetic data storage devices.

关键词： organometallic precursor magnetic nanoparticles block copolymer self-assembly nanoimprint lithography

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Hybrid lightweight encryption for IoT: integrating chaotic key generators with Feistel and substitution-permutation networks for secure 3DV transmission

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-47页

作者： El-Shafai, Walid Mesrega, Ahmed K. Ahmed, Hossam Eldin H. Elbahnasawy, Nirmeen A. El-Samie, Fathi E. Abd Computer Science Department Prince Sultan University Riyadh11586 Saudi Arabia Deptartment of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Faculty of Electronic Engineering Menoufia University Menouf32952 Egypt Department of Computer Science and Engineering Faculty of Electronic Engineering Menoufia University Menouf Egypt Department of Information Technology College of Computer and Information Sciences Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University P.O. Box 84428 Riyadh11671 Saudi Arabia

The Internet of Things (IoT) stands as a revolutionary leap in digital connectivity, envisioning a future network connecting billions of devices, seamlessly. Amidst the myriad benefits, there arises an intricate web of challenges, prominently centered around potential threats and data security implications. Recent cryptography techniques, such as DNA-based cryptography, 3D chaos-based cryptography, and optical cryptography, face challenges including large encryption times, high energy consumption, and suboptimal rather than optimal performance. Particularly, the burden of long encryption cycles strains the energy resources of typical low-power and compact IoT devices. These challenges render the devices vulnerable to unauthorized breaches, despite large storage capacities. The hallmark of the IoT ecosystem, characterized by its low-power compact devices, is the burgeoning volume of data they generate. This escalating data influx, while necessitating expansive storage, remains vulnerable to unauthorized access and breaches. Historically, encryption algorithms, with their multifaceted architectures, have been the bulwark against such intrusions. However, their inherently-complex nature, entailing multiple encryption cycles, strains the limited energy reserves of typical IoT devices. In response to this intricate dilemma, we present a hybrid lightweight encryption strategy. Our algorithm innovatively leverages both one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) chaotic key generators. Furthermore, it amalgamates a classical encryption philosophy, harmonizing the strengths of Feistel and substitution-permutation networks. The centerpiece of our strategy is achieving effective encryption in merely three rounds, tailored expressly for compressed Three-Dimensional Video (3DV) frames, ensuring their unwavering integrity. Our workflow commences with the H.264/MVC compression algorithm, setting the stage for the subsequent encryption phase. Through rigorous MATLAB simulations,

关键词： Image coding

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Development and Investigation of Vision System for a Small-Sized Mobile Humanoid Robot in a Smart Environment

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International Journal of Crowd Science 2025年第1期9卷 29-43页

作者： Abu-Jassar, Amer Tahseen Attar, Hani Amer, Ayman Lyashenko, Vyacheslav Yevsieiev, Vladyslav Solyman, Ahmed Department of Computer Science College of Information Technology Amman Arab University Amman11937 Jordan Faculty of Engineering Zarqa University Zarqa2000 Jordan College of Engineering University of Business and Technology Jeddah21448 Saudi Arabia Department of Media Systems and Technology Kharkiv National University of Radio Electronics Kharkiv61166 Ukraine Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Architecture Nişantaşı University Istanbul34398 Turkey

The conducted research aims to develop a computer vision system for a small-sized mobile humanoid robot. The decentralization of the servomotor control and the computer vision systems is investigated based on the hardware solution point of view, moreover, the required software level to achieve an efficient matched design is obtained. A computer vision system using the upgraded tiny-You Only Look Once (YOLO) network model is developed to allow recognizing and identifying objects and making decisions on interacting with them, which is recommended for crowd environment. During the research, a concept of a computer vision system was developed, which describes the interaction between the main elements, on the basis of which hardware modules were selected to implement the task. A structure of information interaction between hardware modules is proposed, and a connection scheme is developed, on the basis of which a model of a computer vision system is assembled for research, with the required algorithmic and software for solving the problem. To ensure the high speed of the computer vision system based on the ESP32-CAM module, the neural network was improved by replacing the Visual Geometry Group 16 (VGG-16) network as the base network for extracting the functions of the Single Shot Detector (SSD) network model with the tiny-YOLO lightweight network model, which made it possible to preserve the multidimensional structure of the network model feature graph, resulting in increasing the detection accuracy, while significantly reducing the amount of calculations generated by the network operation, thereby significantly increasing the detection speed, due to a limited set of objects. Finally, a number of experiments were carried out, both in static and dynamic environments, which showed a high accuracy of identifications. © The author(s) 2025.

关键词： Anthropomorphic robots

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Ultrasound-based AI for COVID-19 detection: a comprehensive review of public and private lung ultrasound datasets and studies

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-55页

作者： Morshed, Abrar Al Shihab, Abdulla Jahin, Md Abrar Al Nahian, Md Jaber Hossain Sarker, Md Murad Ibne Wadud, Md Sharjis Uddin, Mohammad Istiaq Imtiaz Siraji, Muntequa Anjum, Nafisa Shristy, Sumiya Rajjab Rahman, Tanvin Khatun, Mahmuda Rubel Dewan, Md Hossain, Mosaddeq Sultana, Razia Chakma, Ripel Emon, Sonet Barua Islam, Towhidul Hussain, Mohammad Arafat Department of Computer Science and Engineering Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology Dhaka1208 Bangladesh Department of Electrical and Telecommunication Engineering Daffodil International University Dhaka1216 Bangladesh Khulna9203 Bangladesh Okinawa904-0412 Japan Department of Information and Communication Technology Bangladesh University of Professionals Dhaka1216 Bangladesh Department of Information and Communication Technology Comilla University Cumilla3506 Bangladesh Department of Biomedical Physics and Technology University of Dhaka Dhaka1000 Bangladesh Department of Computer Science and Engineering International Islamic University Chittagong Chittagong4318 Bangladesh Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Islamic University of Technology Gazipur1704 Bangladesh Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology Chittagong4349 Bangladesh Department of Computer Science and Engineering Notre Dame University Bangladesh Dhaka1000 Bangladesh Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Khulna University of Engineering & Technology Khulna9203 Bangladesh Department of Computer Science and Engineering Institute of Science and Technology Dhaka1209 Bangladesh Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Institute of Science and Technology Dhaka1209 Bangladesh Department of Mathematics Jahangirnagar University Dhaka1342 Bangladesh Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Daffodil International University Dhaka1216 Bangladesh Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Dhaka University of Engineering and Technology Gazipur1707 Bangladesh Department of Computer Science and Telecommunication Engineering Noakhali Science and Technology University Noakhali3814 Bangladesh Department of Computer Science and Engineering Northern University Bangladesh Dhaka1230 Bangladesh Boston Children’s Hospital Harvard Medical School BostonMA02

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected millions of people globally, with respiratory organs being strongly affected in individuals with comorbidities. Medical imaging-based diagnosis and prognosis have become increasingly popular in clinical settings for detecting COVID-19 lung infections. Among various medical imaging modalities, ultrasound stands out as a low-cost, mobile, and radiation-safe imaging technology. In this comprehensive review, we focus on AI-driven studies utilizing lung ultrasound (LUS) for COVID-19 detection and analysis. We provide a detailed overview of both publicly available and private LUS datasets and categorize the AI studies according to the dataset they used. Additionally, we systematically analyzed and tabulated the studies across various dimensions, including data preprocessing methods, AI models, cross-validation techniques, and evaluation metrics. In total, we reviewed 60 articles, 41 of which utilized public datasets, while the remaining employed private data. Our findings suggest that ultrasound-based AI studies for COVID-19 detection have great potential for clinical use, especially for children and pregnant women. Our review also provides a useful summary for future researchers and clinicians who may be interested in the field. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： COVID-19

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Cumulative histogram as a feature selection technique for anomaly detection

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第12期84卷 10095-10107页

作者： Nassar, Mostafa Salama, Rania A. Saleeb, Adel A. El-bahnasawy, Nirmeen A. Ahmed, Hossam Eldin H. Abd El-Samie, Fathi E. Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Faculty of Electronic Engineering Menoufia University Menouf32952 Egypt Department of Information Technology Faculty of Computers and Information Suez University Suez Egypt Department of Information Technology College of Computer and Information Sciences Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University Riyadh11671 Saudi Arabia

The enhancement of Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) is required to ensure protection of network resources and services. This is a hot research topic, especially in the presence of advanced intrusions and attacks. This paper provides a comparison between Distributed Cumulative Histogram (DCH) as a Feature Selection (FS) technique, Information Gain Ratio (IGR) FS and wrapper-based FS in terms of accuracy and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). The utilization of DCH of the traffic instances in normal and attack cases allows us to compare the traffic charts. We can observe the difference between effective features and less effective ones. We verify the feasibility of using DCH as an FS technique in the field of anomaly detection with just six selected features giving more accurate results with most classifiers compared to the IGR and wrapper-based FS. We applied our experiments on the modern UNSW dataset with the WEKA simulation platform that contains a group of classification, feature reduction and selection techniques. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Anomaly detection

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Movable-Antenna-Assisted Covert Communications With Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年第9期12卷 12369-12382页

作者： Xie, Wenwu Li, Zilong Yu, Chao Xu, Hongbo Wang, Ji Wu, Weimin Li, Xingwang Yang, Liang Hunan Institute of Science and Technology School of Information Science and Engineering Yueyang414006 China Central China Normal University College of Physical Science and Technology Department of Electronics and Information Engineering Wuhan430079 China Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Electronic Information and Communications Wuhan430074 China Henan Polytechnic University School of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering Jiaozuo454003 China Hunan University College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering Changsha410082 China

This article proposes a novel covert communication framework utilizing movable antennas (MAs) to enable covert communications in which the evading detection eavesdropper aided by a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS). The trajectories of the MAs over the entire time slot, transmit beamforming, and the phase shift of the RIS in each time slot are jointly optimized to improve the covert rate. Specifically, the movement trajectories of the MAs are modeled as a Markov decision process (MDP), optimized by developing a novel deep reinforcement learning (DRL) approach. Furthermore, an alternating optimization (AO) algorithm is designed to jointly optimize the beamforming and phase. In particular, penalty-based two-layer iterative algorithm is proposed to guarantee that the solution satisfies the rank-one constraints. Numerical results show that the proposed MA-assisted covert communications system significantly outperforms conventional fixed-position antenna (FPA) schemes in terms of covert rate. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Markov processes

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A Novel GNSS Decentralized Cooperative Positioning Algorithm for Internet of Vehicles

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年第9期12卷 12792-12802页

作者： Xie, Ting Huang, Fei Li, Fang Yao, Hexiong Ouyang, Mingjun Dai, Zhiqiang Zhu, Xiangwei Lin, Qianqiang Sun Yat-sen University Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Navigation and Communication Integration School of Electronics and Communication Engineering Shenzhen Campus Shenzhen518107 China Shenzhen University School of Architecture and Urban Planning Department of Urban Informatics Shenzhen518060 China Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University School of Electronics and Information Technology Guangzhou510665 China National University of Defense Technology National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on ATR College of Electronic Science and Technology Changsha410073 China

With cooperative positioning (CP) in Internet of Vehicles (IoV), the positioning performance can be improved by utilizing the positioning information provided by neighboring vehicles. However, in urban canyons, the CP performance based on global navigation satellite system (GNSS) is severely degraded by multipath and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) effects, and a robust CP algorithm is required. This article proposes a GNSS decentralized CP (DCP) algorithm based on the generalized extreme studentized deviate test (GESD) filter. Further, a new two-stage CP framework is established, consisting of two modules, the independent and connected modules. The independent module is the first filter layer detection for GNSS pseudorange residual error, operating independently within each vehicle to mitigate the impact of abnormal measurements, such as multipath bias and satellite faults. When receiving data from neighboring vehicles, the connected module is activated to detect shared GNSS pseudorange errors and relative pseudorange measurements, further reducing the impact of anomalous measurements. The outdoor experiments validate the superiority of the DCP algorithm over the single-point positioning (SPP) method based on receiver autonomous integrity monitoring fault detection and exclusion (RAIM-FDE) in both GPS-only and GPS/BDS combination strategies, especially in blocked situations. The positioning root-mean-square error (RMSE) of the DCP algorithm for horizontal positioning is about 1.00 m in static scenes and about 8.00 m in dynamic scenes. Compared with the SPP-RAIM, the DCP algorithm can improve about 25.22%–43.04% and 16.55%–40.17% on average under GPS/BDS combination strategies in the horizontal and 3-D directions, respectively. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Mean square error

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Joint trust-based detection and signature-based authentication technique for secure localization in underwater wireless sensor network

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-20页

作者： Kumar, Manni Goyal, Nitin Qaisi, Ramy Mohammed Aiesh Najim, Mohd Gupta, Sachin Kumar Department of Computer Science & Engineering Chandigarh University Gharuan Punjab India Department of Computer Science Engineering School of Engineering and Technology Central University of Haryana Haryana Mahendergarh123031 India Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering College of Engineering University of Jeddah Jeddah21589 Saudi Arabia Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Central University of Jammu UT of J&K Jammu181143 India

Ensuring secure and accurate node localization in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSN) is a significant challenge, as conventional methods tend to neglect the security risks associated with malicious node interference. This research addresses this issue by proposing a Joint Trust-based Detection and Signature-based Authentication (JTDSA) technique, aimed at improving both the security and accuracy of node localization in UWSNs. The technique utilizes Intrusion Detection System (IDS) methods to calculate the trust values of secondary-anchor nodes (SNs), ensuring only the most trusted SNs are selected. Furthermore, a digital signature algorithm secures the Received Signal Strength (RSS) data from tampering. The method incorporates a hybrid approach combining Angle of Arrival (AoA) and RSS ranging techniques to achieve robust localization. Simulation results demonstrate that JTDSA improves localization accuracy by 4% compared to existing methods, achieving an overall accuracy of 99.2%. The technique also reduces packet drop by 35% and enhances attack detection accuracy by 3%. These results indicate that the proposed JTDSA technique offers an effective solution for secure and reliable localization in UWSNs. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Sensor nodes

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Software design and FPGA implementation of optimized medical image fusion techniques

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-31页

作者： Elshazly, E.A. El-Shafai, Walid El-Hoseny, Heba El-Rabaie, El-Sayed M Zahran, O. Abdelwahab, Safey A. S. El-Halawany, M.M. Fikry, R.M. Elaraby, S.M. Faragallah, Osama S. Mohamed, Wael A. Mahmoud, Korany R. Abd El-Samie, Fathi E. Cairo Egypt Computer Science Department Prince Sultan University Riyadh11586 Saudi Arabia Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Faculty of Electronic Engineering Menoufia University Menouf32952 Egypt Faculty of Computer Studies Arab Open University 11681 Riyadh Saudi Arabia Department of Information Technology College of Computers and Information Technology Taif University 11099 Taif21944 Saudi Arabia Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Benha University Benha Egypt Electronics and Communications Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Helwan University Helwan Egypt Giza Egypt Department of Information Technology College of Computer and Information Sciences Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University P.O. Box 84428 Riyadh11671 Saudi Arabia

Nowadays, medical image fusion plays a crucial role in enhancing the diagnosis accuracy and the clinical decision-making process in various healthcare applications. This research work presents a comprehensive study of the design and implementation of optimized medical image fusion techniques using a combination of software and Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) technologies. The proposed medical image fusion strategy is based on the utilization of Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Modified Central Force Optimization (MCFO). The implementation of the proposed technique as well as the traditional medical image fusion techniques is considered using an appropriate software design and FPGA. The presented techniques aim to overcome the limitations of traditional fusion techniques by integrating advanced image processing algorithms, optimization algorithms, and parallel computing capabilities offered by FPGA platforms. The first step in the proposed framework is to match the histogram of one of the images with that of the other, so that both images will have the same dynamic range. After that, the DWT is used to decompose the images that should be fused together. Based on some constraints, the MCFO optimization algorithm is used to evaluate the optimum level of decomposition and the optimum parameters for the best fusion quality. Finally, to improve the obtained visual quality and reinforce the information in the fusion result, an additional contrast enhancement step using adaptive histogram equalization is applied to the fusion result. Comparative study between the proposed optimized DWT-based fusion framework, the traditional Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Additive Wavelet Transform (AWT), and DWT-based fusion techniques is presented. Various metrics of fusion quality are considered, including average gradient, standard deviation, local contrast, entropy, edge strength, Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), Qab/f, and processing time. The proposed optimized DWT-ba

关键词： MATLAB

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Near-Field Communications: Shape and Structure Design for Uniform Planar Array

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年第11期12卷 15151-15165页

作者： Chen, Siyu Gu, Juping Duan, Wei Zhang, Lei Dang, Shuping Wen, Miaowen Ding, Zhiguo Ho, Pin-Han Nantong University School of Information Science and Technology Nantong226019 China Suzhou University of Science and Technology China Hubei Polytechnic University Department of Electronics and Information Engineering Huangshi435003 China University of Bristol School of Electrical Electronic and Mechanical Engineering BristolBS8 1UB United Kingdom South China University of Technology School of Electronic and Information Engineering Guangzhou510640 China Khalifa University Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study Shenzhen518000 China University of Waterloo Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada

With the flourishing development of 6G wireless networks, the demand of spectrum efficiency rapidly increases, in order to support the demands of high quality data transmission and connections of massive users. Among various promising technologies, the technology of near-field communications provides a great potential to address such an issue due to the unique spherical-wave channels for electromagnetic (EM) propagation. In this paper, multiple-input single-output (MISO) near-field communications is comprehensively studied to clarify the influences of the shape and structure of uniform planar array (UPA) on the system performance, considering three cases with uniform linear array (ULA), rectangular UPA, and circular UPA. In particular, we reveal the properties of rapid deterioration for signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) from the reduced projection aperture in near-field communications and investigate the single spherical crown antenna design and spherical crown antenna array design in order to address this issue. Moreover, we also characterize the role of antenna projection aperture in details, and theoretically analyze the shape of UPA, yielding the corresponding exact closed-form expressions for SNR and outage probability (OP). Based on these above analytical results, we find out that adjusting the spacing between adjacent antennas to control the relative angle between user and selected antennas is an efficient way to improve the projection aperture of antenna and SNR. Simulation results are shown to well match analytical results, which validate the correctness of our analysis, clarifying that our proposed designs outperform the conventional works and illustrating a better stability for angle variations. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Spheres

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