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30th ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI 2012

作者： Obrist, Marianna Roto, Virpi Vermeeren, Arnold Väänänen-Vainio-Mattila, Kaisa Law, Effie Lai-Chong Kuutti, Kari Culture Lab School of Computing Science Newcastle University Newcastle upon TyneNE1 7RU United Kingdom Aalto University School of Art Design and Architecture P.O.Box 31000 Aalto00076 Finland Delft University of Technology Fac. of Ind. Design Engineering Landbergstraat 15 NL CE Delft2628 Netherlands Tampere University of Technology Unit of Human-Centered Tech P.O.Box 589 TampereFI-33101 Finland University of Leicester Department of Computer Science LeicesterLE1 7RH United Kingdom University of Oulu Department of Information Processing Science Oulu90014 Finland

In this paper we point out the relevance of and the need for a theoretical discussion around UX research and practice. Although there is a good coverage of methodological and design related topics in the HCI literature, there is still a lack of theoretical focus in the rapidly increasing work on user experience (UX). We analyzed 122 individual items on theories collected in a CHI'11 special interest group session on UX theories and theoretical frameworks. The data set was filtered and categorized in several iterations, resulting in 56 items distributed over 7 major theory categories and related to 9 relevant disciplines. The categories are an initial mapping of the field and point towards the directions for further conceptual and theoretical clarification. Our results help to explore the multi-disciplinary nature of UX and to build a more solid foundation for UX research and practice. © 2012 Authors.

关键词： Group theory

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Scaling HMMER performance on multicore architectures

Scaling HMMER performance on multicore architectures

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5th International Conference on Complex, Intelligent and Software Intensive Systems, CISIS 2011

作者： Isaza, Sebastian Houtgast, Ernst Sanchez, Friman Ramirez, Alex Gaydadjiev, Gergi Computer Engineering Laboratory Delft University of Technology Netherlands Computer Architecture Department Technical University of Catalonia Spain Barcelona Supercomputing Center Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9780769543734

In bioinformatics, protein sequence alignment is one of the fundamental tasks that scientists perform. Since the growth of biological data is exponential, there is an ever-increasing demand for computational power. While current processor technology is shifting towards the use of multicores, the mapping and parallelization of applications has become a critical issue. In order to keep up with the processing demands, applications' bottlenecks to performance need to be found and properly addressed. In this paper we study the parallelism and performance scalability of HMMER, a bioinformatics application to perform sequence alignment. After our study of the bottlenecks in a HMMER version ported to the Cell processor, we present two optimized versions to improve scalability in a larger multicore architecture. We use a simulator that allows us to model a system with up to 512 processors and study the performance of the three parallel versions of HMMER. Results show that removing the I/O bottleneck improves performance by 3X and 2.4X for a short and a long HMM query respectively. Additionally, by offloading the sequence pre-formatting to the worker cores, larger speedups of up to 27X and 7X are achieved. Compared to using a single worker processor, up to 156X speedup is obtained when using 256 cores. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Bioinformatics

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CHMasters: A scalable and speed-efficient metadata service in distributed file system

CHMasters: A scalable and speed-efficient metadata service i...

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2011 12th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing, Applications and Technologies, PDCAT 2011

作者： Xu, Min Zhou, Junrui Zhou, Wei An, Hong Department of Computer Science and Technology University of Science and Technology Hefei 230026 China Key Laboratory of Computer System and Architecture Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China

ISBN: (纸本)9780769545646

Distributed file system (DFS) is playing important roles of supporting large distributed data-intensive applications to meet storage needs. Typically, the design of DFS, such as GFS in Google, DMS in Cisco and TFS in Alibaba, is driven by observations of specific application workloads, internal demands and technological environment. In such systems, the metadata service is a critical factor that can affect the file system performance and availability to a great degree. Five requirements have been summarized for the metadata service: location transparent file service, smart director, efficient speed, strong scalability and friendly collaborator. In this paper, we present metadata service module called CHMasters in our DFS. Consistent hashing protocol is used to relieve potential hot spots on name servers. Files'metadata and master nodes are mapped into the same hash space by consistent hash function. And then files'metadata are scattered to master nodes by clockwise "closest" principle. Chunkserver acts as a client when report its chunks info. Only a small proportion of files'metadata will be rehashed when master nodes state change. A new scalable file mapping strategy is also proposed to map file sizes from few MB to several GB efficiently. After intensive experiments, it shows CHMasters is satisfying the above five requirements. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Metadata

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Behavior analysis and dynamic crowd management in video surveillance system

Behavior analysis and dynamic crowd management in video surv...

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2011 22nd International Workshop on Database and Expert Systems Applications, DEXA 2011

作者： Szczodrak, Maciej Kotus, Jozef Kopaczewski, Krzysztof Lopatka, Kuba Czyzewski, Andrzej Krawczyk, Henryk Multimedia Systems Department Gdansk University of Technology Gdansk Poland Department of Computer Architecture Gdansk University of Technology Gdansk Poland

ISBN: (纸本)9780769544861

A concept and practical implementation of a crowd management system which acquires input data by the set of monitoring cameras is presented. Two leading threads are considered. First concerns the crowd behavior analysis. Second thread focuses on detection of a hold-ups in the doorway. The optical flow combined with soft computing methods (neural network) is employed to evaluate the type of crowd behavior, and fuzzy logic aids detection of the hold-ups. The experiments with the behavior classification algorithm were performed employing prepared repository of typical and untypical behavior recordings. The effectiveness of the analysis was assessed by comparing algorithmic processing results to a set of prepared reference data, which provides a description of behavior type occurring in each video frame. Application of parallel image processing and influence of parallelization on achieved performance is explained. Apart from the crowd management the behavior analysis may be used in automatic surveillance system deployed in a city area. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Fuzzy logic

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Exergames for elderly: Social exergames to persuade seniors to increase physical activity

Exergames for elderly: Social exergames to persuade seniors ...

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2011 5th International Conference on Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare and Workshops, PervasiveHealth 2011

作者： Brox, Ellen Luque, Luis Fernandez Evertsen, Gunn Judith Hernandez, Juan Emilio González Northern Research Institute TromsØ Norway Department of Computer Architecture and Technology University of Seville Seville Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9781936968152

Games with remote controls and motion sensors that require the players to move, so-called exergames, have become very popular. Many of these games are also being played by the senior population. Participating in regular training sessions outside their homes can be challenging for elderly, and it is hard to motivate oneself to exercise regularly alone at home. Regular physical activity is important both for the physical and psychological health and it is an integral part of many rehabilitation therapies. In addition, many elderly suffer from loneliness, making social interaction within exergames very important. In this paper we provide a narrative review of how exergames can help to motivate elderly to exercise more, focusing in possible social interactions in online exergaming and persuasive technologies. Finally, we discuss how social exergaming can be used both to prevent loneliness and encourage physical activity. © 2011 ICST.

关键词： Remote control

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Transactional conflict decoupling and value prediction 11

Transactional conflict decoupling and value prediction

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Proceedings of the international conference on Supercomputing

作者： Tabba, Fuad Hay, Andrew W. Goodman, James R. Architecture Technology Group Oracle Corporation United States Computer Science Department University of Auckland New Zealand

ISBN: (纸本)9781450301022

This paper explores data speculation for improving the performance of Hardware Transactional Memory (HTM). We attempt to reduce transactional conflicts by decoupling them from cache coherence conflicts;many HTMs do not distinguish between transactional conflicts and coherence conflicts, leading to false transactional conflicts. We also attempt to mitigate the effects of coherence conflicts by using value prediction in transactions. We show that coherence decoupling and value prediction in transactions complement each other, because they both speculate on data in ways that are infeasible in the absence of HTM support. As a demonstration of how data speculation can improve performance, we introduce DPTM, a best-effort HTM that mitigates the effects of false sharing at the cache line level. DPTM does not alter the underlying cache coherence protocol, and requires only minor, processor-local, modifications. We evaluate DPTM against a baseline best-effort HTM, and compare it with data restructuring by padding, the most commonly used method to avoid false sharing. Our experiments show that DPTM can dramatically improve performance in the presence of false sharing without degrading performance in its absence, and consistently performs better than restructuring by padding. © 2011 ACM.

关键词： Forecasting

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Using Takagi-Sugeno-Kang approximation fuzzy logic for evaluating the performance of color difference formulas in dentistry

Using Takagi-Sugeno-Kang approximation fuzzy logic for evalu...

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2011 11th International Conference on Intelligent Systems Design and Applications, ISDA'11

作者： Ghinea, Razvan De La Cruz Cardona, Juan Ionescu, Ana María Del Mar Perez, María Herrera, Luis Javier Department of Optics Faculty of Science University of Granada Granada Spain Department of Computer Architecture and Computer Technology E.T.S.I.I.T. University of Granada Granada Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9781457716751

The present work carries out a novel study on the determination of color acceptability thresholds using a Takagi-Sugeno-Kang (TSK) fuzzy approximation, performing an evaluation of the CIEDE2000(KL:KC:K H) color difference formula in dentistry. A total of 55 sample pairs were evaluated by a panel of 28 observers. The responses for each pair were processed, and data was fitted using a TSK Fuzzy Approximation, which in recent literature has proven to be a reliable and recommendable methodology for approximating color data in dentistry. 50:50% acceptability thresholds were calculated for both CIEDE2000(1:1:1) and CIEDE2000(2:1:1) formulas and the performance of these formulas was evaluated using the PF/3 and STRESS parameters. We obtained better values for all performance parameters for CIEDE2000(2:1:1), indicating the better agreement between this formula and the visual results. Our results suggest considering reviewing the parametric factors, so that the CIEDE2000 color difference formula can be properly used for further applications in dentistry. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Color

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Improving network intrusion detection with growing hierarchical self-organizing maps

Improving network intrusion detection with growing hierarchi...

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2011 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, ICAI 2011

作者： Ortiz, Andres Ortega, Julio Prieto, Alberto Díaz, Antonio F. Communications Engineering Department University of Malaga 29004 Malaga Spain Department of Computer Architecture and Technology University of Granada 18060 Granada Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9781601321855

Nowadays, the growth of the computer networks and the expansion of the Internet have made the security to be a critical issue. In fact, many proposals for Intrusion Detection/Prevention Systems (IDS/IPS) have been proposed. These proposals try to avoid that corrupt or anomalous traffic reaches the user application or the operating system. Nevertheless, most of the IDS/IPS proposals only distinguish between normal traffic and anomalous traffic that can be suspected to be a potential attack. In this paper, we present a IDS/IPS approach based on Growing Hierarchical Self-Organizing Maps (GHSOM) which can not only differentiate between normal and anomalous traffic but also identify different known attacks. The proposed system has been trained and tested using the well-known DARPA/NSL-KDD datasets and the results obtained are promising since we can detect over 99, 4% of the normal traffic and over 99, 2 % of attacker traffic. Moreover, the system can be trained on-line by using the probability labeling method presented on this paper.

关键词： Self organizing maps

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Engineering technology national forum: An action arm of ETC for national impact

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Journal of Engineering technology 2012年第2期29卷 10-18页

作者： Herrick, Robert J. O'Hair, Michael T. Pagano, Mark A. Bertoline, Gary R. Burbank, Kenneth A. Dunning, Scott C. Land, Ronald E. Ray, Jeffrey L. Richardson, Carol A. Stratton, Mark J. Williams, John C. Department of EET Purdue University United States Electrical and Computer Engineering Technology Purdue University United States Montana State University Billings United States College of Technology Purdue University United States School of Engineering Technology University of Maine United States College of Engineering Pennsylvania State University United States Pennsylvania State - New Kensington Campus United States School of Engineering Technology and Management Southern Polytechnic State University United States Engineering Technology Council United States Rochester Institute of Technology United States Society of Manufacturing Engineers United States Manufacturing Division United States School of Architecture Management and Engineering Technology Alfred State SUNY College of Technology United States Engineering Technology Division United States

The Engineering technology National Forum (ETNF) was launched in 2008 by three engineering technology colleagues at Purdue University as an action team to address significant issues of the day affecting the ET educational community and alumni in the professional world of industry, government, and business. A primary goal of the Forum was to provide a continuity of effort in taking internal anecdotal discussions to a higher level to investigate them factually, turning high-level issues into action items for national impact. This article introduces the ET National Forum, its growth and its activities over the past four years, essentially serving as a report to the ET community at this juncture. © 2012 American Society for Engineering Education. All rights reserved.

关键词： Engineering education

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Parallelizing a machine translation decoder for multicore computer

Parallelizing a machine translation decoder for multicore co...

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2011 7th International Conference on Natural Computation, ICNC 2011

作者： Chen, Long Huo, Wei Mi, Haitao Zhang, Zhaoqing Feng, Xiaobing Li, Zhiyuan Key Laboratory of Computer System and Architecture Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Department of Computer Science Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781424499533

Machine translation (MT), with its broad potential use, has gained increased attention from both researchers and software vendors. To generate high quality translations, however, MT decoders can be highly computation intensive. With significant raw computing power, multi-core microprocessors have the potential to speed up MT software on desktop machines. However, retrofitting existing MT decoders is a nontrivial issue. Race conditions and atomicity issues are among those complications making parallelization difficult. In this article, we show that, to parallelize a state-of-the-art MT decoder, it is much easier to overcome such difficulties by using a process-based parallelization method, called functional task parallelism, than using conventional thread-based methods. We achieve a 7.60 times speed up on an 8-core desktop machine while making significantly less changes to the original sequential code than required by using multiple threads. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Machine translation

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