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IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting

作者： Bingjie Zhang Peter B. Luh Eugene Litvinov Tongxin Zheng Feng Zhao Jinye Zhao Congcong Wang Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Connecticut Systems Architecture and Technology ISO New England

ISBN: (纸本)9781457710001

More and more wind generation is introduced to electricity markets. Yet, it is not clear how to conduct auctions with significant stochastic wind generation while avoiding dramatically increasing computational complexity. In this paper, the Markov process concept is innovatively used to model wind generation with transition matrices established based on the historical data. Wind generation is then integrated into system demand, and the day-ahead auction problem considering system demand, unit maximal and minimal generations and ramp rates is formulated. The goal is to optimize the commitment and dispatch of normal generators to minimize the total expected cost while satisfying all possible loads. Lagrangian relaxation is used to demonstrate the capability of the formulation. Since there are many states at each hour, a novel enhanced version of Dynamic Programming is developed to solve the subproblems. Numerical testing results obtained by CPLEX demonstrate the effectiveness and scalability of the method compared with the standard stochastic programming formulation based on scenarios, and the feasibility compared with the deterministic formulation.

关键词： Wind generation State Markov process Electricity auction Wind energy generation Markov chain dynamic programming power markets Dispatching

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Behavior Analysis and Dynamic Crowd Management in Video Surveillance System

Behavior Analysis and Dynamic Crowd Management in Video Surv...

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International Workshop on Database and Expert Systems Applications

作者： Maciej Szczodrak Jozef Kotus Krzysztof Kopaczewski Kuba Lopatka Andrzej Czyzewski Henryk Krawczyk Multimedia Systems Department Gdansk University of Technology Gdansk Poland Department of Computer Architecture Gdansk University of Technology Gdansk Poland

A concept and practical implementation of a crowd management system which acquires input data by the set of monitoring cameras is presented. Two leading threads are considered. First concerns the crowd behavior analysis. Second thread focuses on detection of a hold-ups in the doorway. The optical flow combined with soft computing methods (neural network) is employed to evaluate the type of crowd behavior, and fuzzy logic aids detection of the hold-ups. The experiments with the behavior classification algorithm were performed employing prepared repository of typical and untypical behavior recordings. The effectiveness of the analysis was assessed by comparing algorithmic processing results to a set of prepared reference data, which provides a description of behavior type occurring in each video frame. Application of parallel image processing and influence of parallelization on achieved performance is explained. Apart from the crowd management the behavior analysis may be used in automatic surveillance system deployed in a city area.

关键词： Cameras Streaming media Optical imaging Algorithm design and analysis computer vision Monitoring Image motion analysis

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Parallelizing a Machine Translation Decoder for Multicore computer

Parallelizing a Machine Translation Decoder for Multicore Co...

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2011 Seventh International Conference on Natural Computation(第七届自然计算国际会议 ICNC 2011)

作者： Zhaoqing Zhang Haitao Mi Long Chen Xiaobing Feng Wei Huo Zhiyuan Li Key Laboratory of Computer System and Architecture Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academ Department of Computer Science Purdue University West Lafayette US IN 47907

Machine translation (MT), with its broad potential use, has gained increased attention from both researchers and software vendors. To generate high quality translations, however, MT decoders can be highly computation intensive. With significant raw computing power, multi-core microprocessors have the potential to speed up MT software on desktop machines. However, retrofitting existing MT decoders is a nontrivial issue. Race conditions and atomicity issues are among those complications making parallelization difficult. In this article, we show that, to parallelize a state-of-the-art MT decoder, it is much easier to overcome such difficulties by using a process-based parallelization method, called functional task parallelism, than using conventional thread-based methods. We achieve a 7.60 times speed up on an 8-core desktop machine while making significantly less changes to the original sequential code than required by using multiple threads.

关键词： Decoding Instruction sets Load modeling Computational modeling Memory management Sorting

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Hardware reuse in modern application-specific processors and accelerators

Hardware reuse in modern application-specific processors and...

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2011 14th Euromicro Conference on Digital System Design: architectures, Methods and Tools, DSD 2011

作者： Nery, Alexandre S. Jozwiak, Lech Lindwer, Menno Cocco, Mauro Nedjah, Nadia França, Felipe M.G. LAM - Computer Architecture and Microelectronics Laboratory Systems Engineering and Computer Science Program COPPE Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Brazil Department of Electronics Engineering and Telecommunications Faculty of Engineering Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Brazil Department of Electrical Engineering - Electronic Systems Eindhoven University of Technology Netherlands Silicon Hive - Intel UMG Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9780769544946

Effective exploitation of the application-specific parallel patterns and computation operations through their direct implementation in hardware is the base for construction of high-quality application-specific (re-) configurable application specific instruction set processors (ASIPs) and hardware accelerators for modern highly-demanding applications. Although it receives a lot of attention from the researchers and practitioners, a very important problem of hardware reuse in ASIP and accelerator synthesis is clearly underestimated and does not get enough attention in the published research. This paper is an effect of an industry and academic collaborative research. It analyses the problem of hardware sharing, shows its high practical relevance, as well as a big influence of hardware sharing on the major circuit and system parameters, and its importance for the multi-objective optimization and tradeoff exploitation. It also demonstrates that the state-of-the-art synthesis tools do not sufficiently address this problem and gives several guidelines related to enhancement of the hardware reuse. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Multiobjective optimization

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Histograms for fuzzy color spaces

Advances in Intelligent and Soft Computing

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Advances in Intelligent and Soft Computing 2011年 107卷 339-350页

作者： Chamorro-Martínez, J. Sánchez, D. Soto-Hidalgo, J.M. Martínez-Jiménez, P. Dept. Computer Science and A.I. University of Granada Spain European Centre for Soft Computing Mieres Spain Department of Computer Architecture Electronics and Electronic Technology University of Córdoba Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9783642240003

In this paper we introduce two kinds of fuzzy histograms on the basis of fuzzy colors in a fuzzy color space and the notion of gradual number by Dubois and Prade. Fuzzy color spaces are a collection of fuzzy sets providing a suitable, conceptual quantization with soft boundaries of crisp color spaces. Gradual numbers assign numbers to values of a relevance scale, typically [0,1]. Contrary to convex fuzzy subsets of numbers (called fuzzy numbers, but corresponding to fuzzy intervals as an assignment of intervals to values of [0,1]), they provide a more precise representation of the cardinality of a fuzzy set. Histograms based on gradual numbers are particularly well-suited for serving as input to another process. On the contrary, they are not the best choice when showing the information to a human user. For this second case, linguistic labels represented by fuzzy numbers are a better alternative, so we define linguistic histograms as an assignment of linguistic labels to each fuzzy color. We provide a way to calculate linguistic histograms based on the compatibility between gradual numbers and linguistic labels. We illustrate our proposals with some examples. © 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

关键词： Linguistics

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PADS: A Pattern-Driven Stencil Compiler-Based Tool for Reuse of Optimizations on GPGPUs

PADS: A Pattern-Driven Stencil Compiler-Based Tool for Reuse...

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International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems (ICPADS)

作者： Dongni Han Shixiong Xu Li Chen Lei Huang Key Laboratory of Computer System and Architecture Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences China Computer Science Department Prairie View A&M University USA

Stencil computations are core of wide range of scientific and engineering applications. A lot of efforts have been put into improving efficiency of stencil calculations on different platforms, but unfortunately it is not easy to reuse. In this paper we present a PAttern-Driven Stencil compiler-based tool and a simple tuning system to reuse those well optimized methods and codes. We also suggest extensions to OpenMP, depicting high-level data structures in order to facilitate recognition of various stencil computation patterns. The PADS allows programmers to rewrite kernel of stencils or reuse source-to-source translator outputs as optimized stencil template codes with related tuning parameters, In addition, PADS consists of a OpenMP to CUDA translator and code generator using optimized template codes. It also obtains architecture-specific parameters to tune stencils across different GPU platforms. To demonstrate our system flexibility and performance portability, we illustrate four different stencil computations, Laplacian operator with Jacobi iterative method, divergence operator, 3 dimension 25 point stencil and a 2D heat equation using ADI method with periodic boundary conditions. PADS succeeds in generating all these four stencil codes using different optimization strategies and delivers a promising performance improvement.

关键词： Pattern matching Kernel Tuning Libraries Optimization Generators

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Using Takagi-Sugeno-Kang approximation fuzzy logic for evaluating the performance of color difference formulas in dentistry

Using Takagi-Sugeno-Kang approximation fuzzy logic for evalu...

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International Conference on Intelligent Systems Design and Applications (ISDA)

作者： Razvan Ghinea Juan de la Cruz Cardona Ana María Ionescu María del Mar Perez Luis Javier Herrera Department of Optics Faculty of Science University of Granada Granada Spain Department of Computer Architecture and Computer Technology E.T.S.I.I.T. University of Granada Granada Spain

The present work carries out a novel study on the determination of color acceptability thresholds using a Takagi-Sugeno-Kang (TSK) fuzzy approximation, performing an evaluation of the CIEDE2000(K L :K C :K H ) color difference formula in dentistry. A total of 55 sample pairs were evaluated by a panel of 28 observers. The responses for each pair were processed, and data was fitted using a TSK Fuzzy Approximation, which in recent literature has proven to be a reliable and recommendable methodology for approximating color data in dentistry. 50:50% acceptability thresholds were calculated for both CIEDE2000(1:1:1) and CIEDE2000(2:1:1) formulas and the performance of these formulas was evaluated using the PF/3 and STRESS parameters. We obtained better values for all performance parameters for CIEDE2000(2:1:1), indicating the better agreement between this formula and the visual results. Our results suggest considering reviewing the parametric factors, so that the CIEDE2000 color difference formula can be properly used for further applications in dentistry.

关键词： Image color analysis Dentistry Approximation methods Visualization Observers Stress Fitting

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On some fuzzy relations for color information

On some fuzzy relations for color information

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IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE)

作者： D. Sánchez J. M. Soto-Hidalgo J. Chamorro-Martínez P. Martínez-Jiménez European Centre for Soft Computing Micros Asturias Spain Department Computer Architecture Electronics and Electronic Technology University of Córdoba Spain Department Computer Science and A.I. University of Granada Spain

In this paper we introduce several fuzzy resemblance relations between different combinations of crisp and fuzzy colors. As a starting point, we discuss about fuzzy colors and fuzzy color spaces as a way to represent color information, providing examples of conjunctive and disjunctive use of fuzzy colors for this purpose. Then we determine different types of relations measuring the degree of matching between color information of different kinds, using well known results from fuzzy sets and possibility theories. We study the particular case in which the user considers there is no resemblance between the fuzzy colors comprising the fuzzy color space under consideration. The proposal is based on definitions of fuzzy color and fuzzy color space provided by the authors in previous works.

关键词： Color Image color analysis Semantics Copper Fuzzy sets Pragmatics Kernel

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Analysis of evacuation performance of mergiing points in stadiums based on crowd simulation

Analysis of evacuation performance of mergiing points in sta...

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12th Conference of International Building Performance Simulation Association Building Simulation 2011, BS 2011

作者： Liu, Ying Liu, Deming Badler, Norman Malkawi, Ali School of Architecture Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China Department of Computer and Information Science University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia United States T. C. Chan Centre for Building Simulation and Energy Studies School of Design University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia United States

Holding huge amount of spectators simultaneously during sports and recreational events, the problem of outdoor stadiums is increasingly focusing on how to improve evacuation performance. At first, the prescriptive codes related to stadium evacuation were compared, and the characteristics and movements of stadium crowd were studied to build more reliable evacuation simulation scenarios. Next, the design variations of most congested merging points in outdoor stadiums, which involve gangway intersections, vomitory access and stairway access underneath the stands were investigated. Finally, we used a CA model to simulate the evacuation processes in different cases. By analyzing the output value of egress time, waiting time and total cost through the journey, evacuation performances of different design strategies were compared and discussed.

关键词： Stadiums

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GPU-accelerated fault simulation and its new applications

GPU-accelerated fault simulation and its new applications

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International Symposium on VLSI Design, Automation and Test

作者： Huawei Li Dawen Xu Kwang-Ting Cheng Key Laboratory of Computer System and Architecture Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy and Sciences Beijing China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Santa Barbara CA USA

GPUs have recently been explored as a new general-purpose computing platform, which are suitable for the acceleration of compute-intensive EDA applications. In this paper we describe a GPU-based one- to n-detection fault simulator for both stuck-at and transition faults, which demonstrates a 20X speedup over a commercial CPU-based fault simulator. We further show new fault-simulation-based test selection applications enabled by this accelerated fault simulation. Our results demonstrate that the tests selected from the applications achieve higher fault coverages for 1-to-n detections with steeper fault coverage curves, as well as a better delay test quality, in comparison with tests deterministically generated by commercial ATPG tools.

关键词： Circuit faults Graphics processing unit Instruction sets Delay Integrated circuit modeling Logic gates Computational modeling

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