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13th IEEE Asia-Pacific computer Systems architecture Conference, ACSAC 2008

作者： Li, Wang Hong, An Yongqing, Ren Yaobin, Wang Department of Computer Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China Key Laboratory of Computer System and Architecture Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781424426836

Dataflow predication provides a lightweight full support for predicated execution in dataflow-like architectures. One of its major overhead is the large amounts of fanout trees for distributing predicates to all dependant instructions. Conventional optimizations are predicating only the heads or tails of dataflow chains. Predicating tails offers more speculation but leads to resource contentions and power consumption increasing. Predicating heads is power efficient but reduces speculation and instruction level parallelism. This paper introduces a profile guided technique to combine these optimizations. It uses profiling feedback to guide the compiler in deciding to predicate at the head or tail. By predicating tails on hot paths and predicating heads on infrequent paths, this technique can get performance, power and resource efficiency Performance evaluation result shows that profile guided optimization performs better in removing fanout trees. It has 10.6% speedup over always predicating heads and 2.5% speedup over always predicating tails in performance. © 2008 IEEE.

关键词： Forestry

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Energy efficient implementation of G.729 for wireless VoIP application 08

Energy efficient implementation of G.729 for wireless VoIP a...

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2008 International Conference on Advanced Infocomm technology, ICAIT '08

作者： Yao, Aihong Gu, Junjun Qu, Gang Bhattacharyya, Shuvra School of Computer Science and Technology and Institute for Computer Architecture Harbin Engineering University Harbin Heilongjiang China Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Institute for Advanced Computer Studies University of Maryland College Park MD United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781605580883

In this paper, we describe the formatting guidelines for ACM SIG Proceedings. Traditionally silence in VoIP applications is detected by a VAD algorithm after G.729 compression, both have high computational and energy cost. However, such cost on silence frames will be completely wasted because the detected silence frames will not be sent to receiver. We propose to use a silence pre-detection (SPD) module to detect silence frames directly from the voice sample in order to reduce energy. Our adaptive SPD algorithm has little hardware requirement and low computation cost. However, it can detect 59% of the silence, which results in 34% energy saving. The impact to quality of speech is almost unnoticeable. Copyright © 2008 ACM.

关键词： Energy efficiency

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Innovating the future school: Collaborative planning & design process

Innovating the future school: Collaborative planning & desig...

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APMS 2008 Conference on Innovations in Networks

作者： Huhta, Esko Pöyry-Lassila, Päivi Teräväinen, Helena Staffans, Aija Smeds, Riitta Helsinki University of Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering SimLab. Finland Department of Architecture Laboratory of Urban Planning and Design Finland

ISBN: (纸本)9789512295470

The purpose of this paper is to explore the collaborative planning and design process of an innovative future school. Our case study examined, modeled, and further developed this planning and design process aiming to create a more wide-ranging place and space for learning than a mere school building We wanted to find out what kind of collaboration and network management would support the participatory planning and design process, and how it would be possible to make children's and youth's opinions visible and to accomplish collaboration in the design process. The case data was collected from a SimLab™ simulation project and architecture workshops. Our findings indicate that that the process of planning and designing innovative future schools require seamless collaboration between various actors and stakeholders, such as architects, pedagogy experts, future school users, and municipal decision makers. Furthermore, the network management aspect should be taken into account to make the collaborative design process more fruitful. Especially, the role of boundary objects was observed to be important both for supporting collaboration and participation in the design process, and for making children 's and youth's opinions visible.

关键词： Network management

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Minimizing point-to-point transmission energy with error correction coding and transmission power control 08

Minimizing point-to-point transmission energy with error cor...

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2008 International Conference on Advanced Infocomm technology, ICAIT '08

作者： Gu, Junjun Qu, Gang Yao, Aihong Bouridane, Ahmed Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Institute for Advanced Computer Studies University of Maryland College Park MD United States School of Computer Science and Technology Institute for Computer Architecture Harbin Engineering University Harbin Heilongjiang China School of Computer Science Institute of Electronics Communications and Information Technology Queen's University of Belfast Belfast United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9781605580883

Energy efficiency has become an important concern for the design of communication systems, particularly the wireless sensor networks where recharging battery might not be feasible. In this paper, we investigate how error correction coding (ECC) and transmission power level can impact the packet loss rate and transmission energy. We focus our analysis on the direct point-to-point communication, which is the basic unit for any data communication, in three popular scenarios: only one re-transmission is allowed;multiple re-transmissions are made to guarantee a given packet loss rate;and re-transmitting until the packet is received correctly. For each case, we derive formulas to show whether and when ECC and power control should be used. We then propose a 2-phase approach that uses ECC and power control simultaneously to reduce energy while maintaining the required packet loss rate. Numerical simulation validates our claims and indicates that the proposed 2-phase approach can reduce transmission energy significantly. Copyright © 2008 ACM.

关键词： Power control

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Resilience to churn of a peer-to-peer evolutionary algorithm

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International Journal of High Performance Systems architecture 2008年第4期1卷 260-268页

作者： Laredo, Juan L.J. Castillo, Perdo A. Mora, A.M. Merelo, M. Fernandes, C. Department of Architecture and Computer Technology University of Granada Periodista Daniel Saucedo 18071 Granada Spain LASEEB-ISR/IST University of Lisbon Av. Rovisco Pais 1049-001 Lisbon Portugal

In this paper we analyse the resilience of a peer-to-peer (P2P) evolutionary algorithm (EA) subject to the following dynamics: computing nodes acting as peers leave the system independently from each other causing a collective effect known as churn. Since the P2P EA has been designed to tackle large instances of computationally expensive problems, we will assess its behaviour under these conditions, by performing a scalability analysis in five different scenarios using the massively multimodal deceptive problem as a benchmark. In all cases, the P2P EA reaches the success criterion without a penalty on the runtime. We show that the key to the algorithm resilience is to ensure enough peers at the beginning of the experiment;even if some of them leave, those that remain contain enough information to guarantee a reliable convergence. Copyright © 2008, Inderscience Publishers.

关键词： Scalability

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Exploring population structures for locally concurrent and massively parallel Evolutionary Algorithms

Exploring population structures for locally concurrent and m...

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Congress on Evolutionary Computation

作者： J.L.J. Laredo P.A. Castillo A.M. Mora J.J. Merelo Department of Architecture and Computer Technology University of Granada Spain Department of Architecture and Computer Technology University of Granada

In this paper we present the Gossip-based Evolvable Agent Model (GossEvAg) within the context of parallel fine-grained Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs). It extends the Cellular Evolutionary Algorithm (CEA) definition with two novel features designed to work on Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networks: every individual is self-scheduled in a single thread and dynamically self-organizes its neighbourhood via newscasting, a gossip protocol. As a consequence of such multi-threading model, each Evolvable Agent (EvAg) updates asynchronously its state at random depending on the underlying platform scheduler. In order to assess the effects of asynchrony and the gossip protocol, we perform an experimental evaluation of the model for a set of discrete optimization problems. As a baseline for comparison we use two canonical genetic algorithms (GA): A steady-state GA (ssGA) and a generational GA (gGA). We also test two more topologies for the EvAg, a complete graph topology which allows panmixia and a Watts-Strogatz topology which has shown good theoretical and empirical results in related papers. We found that leaving the management of the EvAg to the underlying platform scheduler has an interesting emerging feature: the model is able to scale seamlessly in desktop computers without any effort from the practitioner. We measure how the algorithm speed scales by conducting the experiments in a Single and a Dual-Core Processor architectures.

关键词： Topology Throughput Strontium Protocols Proposals Evolutionary computation Error correction codes

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Exploiting idle register classes for fast spill destination

Exploiting idle register classes for fast spill destination

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22nd ACM International Conference on Supercomputing, ICS'08

作者： Lu, Fang Wang, Lei Feng, Xiaobing Li, Zhiyuan Zhang, Zhaoqing Key Laboratory of Computer System and Architecture Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100191 China Department of Computer Sciences Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47906 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781605581583

On today's microprocessors, there often exist several different types of registers, e.g. general purpose registers and floating point registers. A given program may use one type of registers much more frequently than other types. This creates an opportunity to employ the infrequently used registers as spill destinations for the more frequently used register types. In this paper, we present a code optimization method named idle register exploitation (IRE) to exploit such opportunities. We developed a model, called the IRE model, or IREM, to determine the static performance gains of IRE versus spilling to the stack. On a microprocessor with fast data paths between different types of registers, we find that IRE method speeds up the execution of the SPECint benchmark suite from 1.7% to 10%. In contrast, on microprocessors with less efficient data transfer paths, the performance gain is limited. In some cases, performance may even suffer degradation. This result argues strongly for the adoption of fast data paths between different types of registers for the purpose of reducing register spills, which is important in view of the increased significance of memory bottlenecks on future microprocessors. Copyright 2008 ACM.

关键词： Data transfer

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High performance computing for dynamic multi-objective optimisation

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International Journal of High Performance Systems architecture 2008年第4期1卷 241-250页

作者： Cámara, Mario Ortega, Julio O. de Toro, Francisco Department of Computer Architecture and Technology University of Granada ETSIIT Daniel Saucedo s/n 18071 Granada Spain Department of Signal Theory Telematics and Communications University of Granada ETSIIT Daniel Saucedo s/n 18071 Granada Spain

In this paper a generic parallel procedure for dynamic problems using evolutionary algorithms is presented. In dynamic multi-objective problems, the objective functions, the constraints and hence, also the solutions, can change over time and usually demand to be solved online. Thus, high performance computing approaches, such as parallel processing, should be applied to these problems to meet the solution constraints and quality requirements. Taking this into account, we introduce a generic parallel procedure for multi-objective evolutionary algorithms, through a master-slave paradigm. This generic parallel procedure is used to compare the parallel processing of a few multi-objective optimisation evolutionary algorithms: our proposed algorithms, SFGA and SFGA2, in conjunction with SPEA2 and NSGA-II. We also give a model to understand the benefits of parallel processing in dynamic multi-objective problems and the speedup results observed in our experiments. Copyright © 2008, Inderscience Publishers.

关键词： Evolutionary algorithms

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Signal Processing and Perceptrons in an Auditory Based Brain-computer Interface

Signal Processing and Perceptrons in an Auditory Based Brain...

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International Conference on Hybrid Intelligent Systems (HIS)

作者： M.A. Lopez H. Pomares A. Prieto F. Pelayo Department of Computer Architecture and Computer Technology University of Granada Spain

Selective attention to visual or auditory stimuli that elicits steady-state visual or auditory responses (SSVEP or ASSR respectively) amplifies the power of those flickering frequencies of the stimuli measured in the electroencephalography (EEG). The design of brain-computer interfaces (BCI) based on selective attention to auditory stimuli that elicits ASSRs has two major advantages: First, no much training is needed as selective attention is an inherent skill of human beings. Second, as the human hearing system behaves as an amplitude modulated (AM) envelope detector, if the auditory stimuli are previously AM modulated, a steady-state response signal can be easily elicited. As EEG signals are considered to be non stationary, this is an interesting approach to EEG analysis as the feature of our interest can be considered stationary, hence Fourier analysis applied. In this paper we study the behavior of a perceptron as a classifier of a BCI system where the features for classification are extracted from EEG as responses to AM modulated auditory stimuli and how we can use it in a BCI system.

关键词： Electroencephalography Feature extraction Electrodes Ear Frequency measurement Visualization Brain computer interfaces

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Work in progress - The Five Paragraph Essay in Junior/Senior engineering courses

Work in progress - The Five Paragraph Essay in Junior/Senior...

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38th ASEE/IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference, FIE 2008

作者： Nagurney, Ladimer S. Alnajjar, Hisham University of Hartford United States Department of Electrical Computer and Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering Technology and Architecture University of Hartford West Hartford. CT 06117 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering College of Engineering Technology and Architecture University of Hartford West Hartford. CT 06117 United States

To strengthen the writing of Junior and Senior Electrical and computer Engineering students, we are adding several writing assignments based upon the Five Paragraph Essay format to our Junior and Senior courses. The live paragraph essay format, almost universally taught in middle and high schools, requires the student to clearly and concisely analyze and communicate a single idea, beginning with a single paragraph that states the overall point, three supporting paragraphs, and a concluding paragraph. During the Spring 2008 semester, these essays will be used in Electromagnetic Field Theory, Engineering Practice, and Capstone Design Project courses. In each course, the students will be asked to describe concept or argue why a specific design choice must be made without presenting just a mathematical calculation. The paper will include a discussion of the format, and graphic organizers used to help students write the essays, as well as the rubric used for grading the essay. Since a sizable fraction of our students are non-native speakers of English our evaluation on their performance will be compared to the performance of students writing these essays in English as a Second Language courses as reported in Education Literature. © 2008 IEEE.

关键词： Students

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