Wireless sensor networks have been implemented in various software to help gather and analyze data from the physical world. Wireless sensor networks are networks of multiple tiny sensors powered by low-energy batterie...
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Wireless sensor networks have been implemented in various software to help gather and analyze data from the physical world. Wireless sensor networks are networks of multiple tiny sensors powered by low-energy batteries (WSNs). WSN lifetime is a critical factor. This is because, after WSNs have been deployed in a given application, the inaccessibility of the sensing nodes makes it impossible to recharge or replace the power source that is limited in energy. Until recently, WSNs were thought to be the same. All the network nodes have the same power, processing speed, and operational capacity. However, scientists have developed heterogeneous WSNs, in which the properties of individual nodes may vary, to extend the lifespan of networks. In order to extend a network's helpful life, energy-efficient protocols must be designed. Even though WSN has its own problems, it has brought a fresh perspective to studying real-time intelligent systems. WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) has gained significant popularity in the recent years, owing to its vast applications in real-time scenarios, such as disaster management, pollution monitoring, temperature monitoring, traffic monitoring, transport monitoring, healthcare monitoring, battlefield monitoring, and border security surveillance, to name a few. Numerous sensor nodes are employed in these applications. They are typically placed in the sensing field, where they automatically transfer data to the base station (BS) through energy transmission (i.e., battery in the sensor). In WSN, clustering is one method for optimizing power consumption at the sensor node. The sensor nodes are grouped and given a leader when they undergo clustering. This study overviews various WSN clustering algorithms, each categorized according to various clustering properties.
Cyberattacks are prevalent in the age of the Internet. Each year, both the quantity and severity of cybercrimes increase. Protection against cyber-attacks has become a primary responsibility, Significant in the intern...
Cyberattacks are prevalent in the age of the Internet. Each year, both the quantity and severity of cybercrimes increase. Protection against cyber-attacks has become a primary responsibility, Significant in the internet society of today. However, providing cyber security is a highly difficult task that requires experience in the field of attacks and the ability to evaluate the possibility of threats. The continual evolution of cyberattacks is the biggest challenge in this industry. This article describes the significance of cyber security and enumerates the hazards that exist in the present digital environment. The statistics and evaluation of cyberattacks demonstrate the seriousness of these occurrences. Several sorts of cyber security threats are outlined, along with the machine learning approaches that may be used to detect these attacks.
This work introduces a new method for quantifying and sizing Brassica Oleracea instances via the use of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery for instance segmentation. The goal of the project is to create a deep lear...
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ISBN:
(数字)9798331518776
ISBN:
(纸本)9798331518783
This work introduces a new method for quantifying and sizing Brassica Oleracea instances via the use of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery for instance segmentation. The goal of the project is to create a deep learning-based model that can recognize and classify Brassica Oleracea occurrences in images taken by unmanned aerial vehicles. The study uses the Mask R-CNN architecture and transfer learning strategies to train the model using a dataset of COCO-formatted annotated data and images of cabbage that was obtained from Mendeley Data. To improve resilience and variability, augmentation methods are used in dataset preparation. Evaluation criteria including mean Average Precision (mAP), precision, recall, and confidence levels are used to assess the model's performance. Findings show that the model performed very well, obtaining a remarkable mAP value of 98.6%. Moreover, inferencing test data shows how reliable the model is in identifying Brassica Oleracea occurrences in a variety of settings. The model continuously obtains high identification rates despite obstacles such as item incompleteness and illumination fluctuations, demonstrating its dependability and applicability for practical use in agricultural settings. The suggested strategy has the potential to advance crop management techniques and precision agriculture methods, enhancing agricultural sustainability and production.
Tower solar thermal power generation is a new type of low-carbon and environmentally friendly clean energy technology. In this paper, a single-objective optimization model is established with the maximum annual averag...
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ISBN:
(数字)9798350374315
ISBN:
(纸本)9798350374322
Tower solar thermal power generation is a new type of low-carbon and environmentally friendly clean energy technology. In this paper, a single-objective optimization model is established with the maximum annual average thermal output per unit mirror area of the heliostat field as the objective function. By optimizing the heliostat width, heliostat height and heliostat coordinate, the annual average output thermal power can be maximized while meeting the rated power. The heliostat field is distributed in a circular shape. As the seasons change, the light intensity received by the heliostat field is uneven, so the optical efficiency of the heliostats is also different. We simplify the heliostat field into S area (area with higher optical efficiency) and W area (area with lower optical efficiency) based on the optical efficiency distribution of heliostats. At different locations, According to the heliostat width, heliostat height and heliostat coordinate generated by random functions, substituting these parameters into the efficiency model in this paper, and the random search algorithm is used to traverse the maximum annual output thermal power and the corresponding heliostat parameters. In the shadow occlusion loss model, we have grid to set up the heliostat and use the coordinate conversion to solve the shadow occlusion loss efficiency.
Globally traffic scenario has experienced a vast change over the years as volumes of traffic on urban roads have increased by leaps and bounds. This increase has also marked an increase in the number of road accidents...
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In this paper, a novel control strategy based on model predictive control is proposed for tracking the trajectory of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). First, the dynamic model of an unmanned aerial vehicle UAV is establ...
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Cities are complex systems that develop under complicated interactions among their human and environmental *** generates substantial outcomes and opportunities while raising challenges including congestion,air polluti...
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Cities are complex systems that develop under complicated interactions among their human and environmental *** generates substantial outcomes and opportunities while raising challenges including congestion,air pollution,inequality,etc.,calling for efficient and reasonable solutions to sustainable ***,booming technologies generate large-scale data of complex cities,providing a chance to propose data-driven solutions for sustainable urban *** paper provides a comprehensive overview of data-driven urban sustainability *** this review article,we conceptualize MetaCity,a general framework for optimizing resource usage and allocation problems in complex cities with data-driven *** this framework,we decompose specific urban sustainable goals,e.g.,efficiency and resilience,review practical urban problems under these goals,and explore the probability of using data-driven technologies as potential solutions to the challenge of *** the basis of extensive urban data,we integrate urban problem discovery,operation of urban systems simulation,and complex decision-making problem solving into an entire cohesive framework to achieve sustainable development goals by optimizing resource allocation problems in complex cities.
The need for intellectualization of project management processes is shown, in particular, the creation of intelligent systems capable of effectively plan projects in the process of natural-language interaction with th...
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Herein,we rationally constructed a hybrid heterostructure comprising porous g-C_(3)N_(4)(CN)-encapsulated anatase TiO_(2) hollow spheres(TOHS)via a synthesis method that involves hydrothermal and calcination *** fabri...
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Herein,we rationally constructed a hybrid heterostructure comprising porous g-C_(3)N_(4)(CN)-encapsulated anatase TiO_(2) hollow spheres(TOHS)via a synthesis method that involves hydrothermal and calcination *** fabricated hybrid,termed CN/TOHS,demonstrated extraordinary activity toward the degradation of environmentally toxic pharmaceutical substances(acetaminophen and ciprofloxacin)in aqueous solutions under simulated sunlight irradiation;the activity of CN/TOHS was superior to that attained for individual TOHS and CN *** particular,the CN/TOHS hybrid containing 13.3 wt.%of CN on TOHS displayed the optimum degradation activity among the tested catalysts used in this study,and it also possessed exceptional recyclability and stability during consecutive degradation *** remarkable photocatalytic activity and stability of the hybrid were predominantly ascribed to the large solid interfacial contact between constituents,TOHS and CN,induced by effective hybrid structure,which boosted the interfacial charge transfer and impeded with the direct recombination of photo-induced ***,the results of the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis corroborated the effective mineralization of model pharmaceutical pollutants in the presence of the CN/TOHS *** simple interfacial engineering strategy presented in this study offers a potential route for the rational design of novel catalysts for application in environmental remediation and solar energy conversion.
Endowing flexible and adaptable fiber devices with light-emitting capabilities has the potential to revolutionize the current design philosophy of intelligent,wearable interactive ***,significant challenges remain in ...
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Endowing flexible and adaptable fiber devices with light-emitting capabilities has the potential to revolutionize the current design philosophy of intelligent,wearable interactive ***,significant challenges remain in developing fiber devices when it comes to achieving uniform and customizable light effects while utilizing lightweight ***,we introduce a mass-produced,wearable,and interactive photochromic fiber that provides uniform multicolored light *** designed independent waveguides inside the fiber to maintain total internal reflection of light as it traverses the *** impact of excessive light leakage on the overall illuminance can be reduced by utilizing the saturable absorption effect of fluorescent materials to ensure light emission uniformity along the transmission *** addition,we coupled various fluorescent composite materials inside the fiber to achieve artificially controllable spectral radiation of multiple color systems in a single *** prepared fibers on mass-produced kilometer-long using the thermal drawing *** fibers can be directly integrated into daily wearable devices or clothing in various patterns and combined with other signal input components to control and display patterns as *** work provides a new perspective and inspiration to the existing field of fiber display interaction,paving the way for future human–machine integration.
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