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Strength and Deformability of Cement Composites of Various Types

IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2021年第5期1079卷

作者： I V Erofeeva D V Emelyanov D A Svetlov A A Matvievskiy I N Maksimova N I Makridin Department of Engineering and Computer Graphics National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University 68 Bolshevistskaya St. Saransk 430005 Russia Department of Building Materials and Technologies National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University 68 Bolshevistskaya St. Saransk 430005 Russia Soft Protector LLC 28 Himikov St. St. Petersburg 195030 Russia OJSC «MAKSMIR» 11 Novinsky Boulevard Moscow 121099 Russia Department of Quality Management and Construction Production Technologies Penza State University of Architecture and Construction 28 German Titov St. Penza 440028 Russia Department of Technology of Building Materials and Woodworking State University of Architecture and Construction 28 German Titov St. Penza 440028 Russia

It is shown that the construction of buildings and structures requires concrete with universal characteristics, primarily with compressive strength in the range of 35-200 (MPa) with high tensile strength, crack resistance and durability. Strength and elastic-plastic and other properties of concretes and other cement composites are regulated by creating their various formulations. In this regard, it is important to conduct comprehensive studies of the properties of composites in relation to their compositions. Cement composites of various compounding compositions, including fillers, plasticizers, pigments, and biocidal preparations, are considered. Attention is also paid to the technological aspects of preparing mixtures and manufacturing products, namely, the influence of activated water on the properties of concretes of mixing and hardening conditions. Indicators of strength, modulus of elasticity, and brittleness were obtained for compositions that differed in the type of plasticizer ('Melflux 1641 F', 'Melflux 5581 F', 'Fortrace–strong', 'Hidetal-P-5', 'Hidetal GP-9' gamma 'A'), a biocidal preparation (Teflex Antimould, Teflex Disinfectant, Teflex for Industrial sights), a pigment (iron oxide red, iron oxide yellow, green glauconito-vogo, meerkat iron). The influence on the properties of powder – activated concretes, rheologically active (rock flour), reactively active (micro - silica), fillers, as well as quartz sand fractions 0, 16 – 0.63 and 0.63-5.0 mm. The results of research showed an increase in the strength of concrete when using plasticizer 'Melflux 1641F' and activated mixing water in the technology of their preparation. To increase the strength and modulus of elasticity led to the introduction of rock flour and silica. The introduction of plasticizers led to a decrease in the elastic modulus, and the use of activated closing water does not affect this indicator. From the examined compositions, compositions with the addition of pigments are characterize

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Measurement of the Higgs boson production via vector boson fusion and its decay into bottom quarks in proton-proton collisions at s = 13 TeV

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Journal of High Energy Physics 2024年第1期2024卷 1-54页

作者： Hayrapetyan, A. Tumasyan, A. Adam, W. Andrejkovic, J.W. Bergauer, T. Chatterjee, S. Damanakis, K. Dragicevic, M. Escalante Del Valle, A. Hussain, P.S. Jeitler, M. Krammer, N. Lechner, L. Liko, D. Mikulec, I. Schieck, J. Schöfbeck, R. Schwarz, D. Sonawane, M. Templ, S. Waltenberger, W. Wulz, C.-E. Darwish, M.R. Janssen, T. Kello, T. Van Mechelen, P. Bols, E.S. D’Hondt, J. Dansana, S. De Moor, A. Delcourt, M. El Faham, H. Lowette, S. Makarenko, I. Morton, A. Müller, D. Sahasransu, A.R. Tavernier, S. Tytgat, M. Van Putte, S. Vannerom, D. Clerbaux, B. De Lentdecker, G. Favart, L. Hohov, D. Jaramillo, J. Khalilzadeh, A. Lee, K. Mahdavikhorrami, M. Malara, A. Paredes, S. Pétré, L. Postiau, N. Thomas, L. Vanden Bemden, M. Vander Velde, C. Vanlaer, P. De Coen, M. Dobur, D. Knolle, J. Lambrecht, L. Mestdach, G. Rendón, C. Samalan, A. Skovpen, K. Van Den Bossche, N. Vermassen, B. Wezenbeek, L. Benecke, A. Bruno, G. Bury, F. Caputo, C. Delaere, C. Donertas, I.S. Giammanco, A. Jaffel, K. Jain, Sa. Lemaitre, V. Lidrych, J. Mastrapasqua, P. Mondal, K. Tran, T.T. Wertz, S. Alves, G.A. Coelho, E. Hensel, C. Moraes, A. Rebello Teles, P. Aldá Júnior, W.L. Alves Gallo Pereira, M. Barroso Ferreira Filho, M. Brandao Malbouisson, H. Carvalho, W. Chinellato, J. Da Costa, E.M. Da Silveira, G.G. De Jesus Damiao, D. Fonseca De Souza, S. Martins, J. Mora Herrera, C. Mota Amarilo, K. Mundim, L. Nogima, H. Santoro, A. Silva Do Amaral, S.M. Sznajder, A. Thiel, M. Vilela Pereira, A. Bernardes, C.A. Calligaris, L. Fernandez Perez Tomei, T.R. Gregores, E.M. Mercadante, P.G. Novaes, S.F. Orzari, B. Padula, Sandra S. Aleksandrov, A. Antchev, G. Hadjiiska, R. Iaydjiev, P. Misheva, M. Shopova, M. Sultanov, G. Dimitrov, A. Ivanov, T. Litov, L. Pavlov, B. Petkov, P. Petrov, A. Shumka, E. Keshri, S. Thakur, S. Cheng, T. Guo, Q. Javaid, T. Mittal, M. Yuan, L. Bauer, G. Hu, Z. Yi, K. Chen, G.M. Chen, H.S. Chen, M. Iemmi, F. Jiang, C.H. Kapoor, A. Liao, H. Liu, Z.-A. Monti, F. Sharma, R. Song, J.N. Tao, J. Wang, J. Zhang, H. Agapitos, A. Ban, Y. Levin, A. Yerevan Physics Institute Yerevan Armenia Institut für Hochenergiephysik Vienna Austria Universiteit Antwerpen Antwerpen Belgium Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussel Belgium Université Libre de Bruxelles Bruxelles Belgium Ghent University Ghent Belgium Université Catholique de Louvain Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas Rio de Janeiro Brazil Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil Universidade Estadual Paulista Universidade Federal do ABC São Paulo Brazil Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Sofia Bulgaria University of Sofia Sofia Bulgaria Instituto De Alta Investigación Universidad de Tarapacá Casilla 7 D Arica Chile Beihang University Beijing China Department of Physics Tsinghua University Beijing China Institute of High Energy Physics Beijing China State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology Peking University Beijing China Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China Institute of Modern Physics and Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE) — Fudan University Shanghai China Zhejiang University Zhejiang Hangzhou China Universidad de Los Andes Bogota Colombia Universidad de Antioquia Medellin Colombia University of Split Faculty of Electrical Engineering Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture Split Croatia University of Split Faculty of Science Split Croatia Institute Rudjer Boskovic Zagreb Croatia University of Cyprus Nicosia Cyprus Charles University Prague Czech Republic Escuela Politecnica Nacional Quito Ecuador Universidad San Francisco de Quito Quito Ecuador Academy of Scientific Research and Technology of the Arab Republic of Egypt Egyptian Network of High Energy Physics Cairo Egypt Center for High Energy Physics (CHEP-FU) Fayoum University El-Fayoum Egypt National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics Tallinn Estonia Department of Physics

A measurement of the Higgs boson (H) production via vector boson fusion (VBF) and its decay into a bottom quark-antiquark pair (bb¯) is presented using proton-proton collision data recorded by the CMS experiment at s = 13 TeV and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 90.8 fb⁻¹. Treating the gluon-gluon fusion process as a background and constraining its rate to the value expected in the standard model (SM) within uncertainties, the signal strength of the VBF process, defined as the ratio of the observed signal rate to that predicted by the SM, is measured to be μ_Hbb¯^qqh=1.01_−0.46^+0.55. The VBF signal is observed with a significance of 2.4 standard deviations relative to the background prediction, while the expected significance is 2.7 standard deviations. Considering inclusive Higgs boson production and decay into bottom quarks, the signal strength is measured to be μ_Hbb¯^incl.=0.99_−0.41^+0.48, corresponding to an observed (expected) significance of 2.6 (2.9) standard deviations. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： B Physics Hadron-Hadron Scattering Higgs Physics

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Breast cancer microarray and RNASeq data integration applied to classification

Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lectu...

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Lecture Notes in computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) 2017年 10305 LNCS卷 123-131页

作者： Castillo, Daniel Galvez, Juan Manuel Herrera, Luis Javier Rojas, Ignacio Department of Computer Architecture and Computer Technology University of Granada Granada Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9783319591520

Although Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) has more impact nowadays than microarray sequencing, there is a huge volume of microarray data that has not still been processed. The last represents the most important source of biological information nowadays due largely to its use over many years, and a very important potential source of genetic knowledge deserving appropriate analysis. Thanks to the two techniques, there is now a huge amount of data that allows us to obtain robust results from its integration. This paper deals with the integration of RNASeq data with microarrays data in order to find breast cancer biomarkers as expressed genes. These integrated data has been used to create a classifier for an early diagnosis of breast cancer. © Springer International Publishing AG 2017.

关键词： Microarrays

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Deep learning using EEG data in time and frequency domains for sleep stage classification

Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lectu...

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Lecture Notes in computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) 2017年 10305 LNCS卷 132-141页

作者： Manzano, Martí Guillén, Alberto Rojas, Ignacio Herrera, Luis Javier Department of Computer Architecture and Computer Technology University of Granada Granada Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9783319591520

Polysomnography analysis for sleeping disorders is a discipline that is showing interest in the development of reliable classifiers to determine the sleep stage. The most common methods shown in the literature bet for classical learning techniques and statistics that are applied to a reduced number of features in order to tackle the computational load. Nowadays, the application of deep learning to the sleep stage classification problem seems very interesting and novel, therefore, this paper presents a first approximation using a single channel and information from the current epoch to perform the classification. The complete Physionet database has been used in the experiments. Deep learning has been applied to the time and frequency domains from the EEG signal obtaining a good performance and promising further work. © Springer International Publishing AG 2017.

关键词： Classification (of information)

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Replay using recomposition: Alignment-based conformance checking in the large

Replay using recomposition: Alignment-based conformance chec...

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2017 BPM Demo Track and BPM Dissertation Award, BPM-D and DA 2017, co-located with 15th International Conference on Business Process Management, BPM 2017

作者： Lee, Wai Lam Jonathan Verbeek, H.M.W. Munoz-Gama, Jorge Van Der Aalst, Wil M.P. Sepúlveda, Marcos Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Architecture of Information Systems Group Eindhoven University of Technology Netherlands Department of Computer Science School of Engineering Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Chile

In the area of process mining, efficient alignment-based conformance checking is a hot topic. Existing approaches for conformance checking are typically monolithic and compute exact fitness values. One limitation with monolithic approaches is that it may take a significant amount of computation time in large processes. Alternatively, decomposition approaches run much faster but do not always compute an exact fitness value. This paper presents the tool Replay using Recomposition which returns the exact fitness value and the resulting alignments using the decomposition approach in an iterative manner. Other than computing the exact fitness value, users can configure the balance between result accuracy and computation time to get a fitness interval within set constraints, e.g., "Give me the best fitness estimation you can find within 5 minutes".

关键词： Data mining

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Automated sequence and motion planning for robotic spatial extrusion of 3D trusses

arXiv

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Huang, Yijiang Garrett, Caelan R. Mueller, Caitlin T. Building Technology Program Department of Architecture Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States

While robotic spatial extrusion has demonstrated a new and efficient means to fabricate 3D truss structures in architectural scale, a major challenge remains in automatically planning extrusion sequence and robotic motion for trusses with unconstrained topologies. This paper presents the first attempt in the field to rigorously formulate the extrusion sequence and motion planning (SAMP) problem, using a CSP encoding. Furthermore, this research proposes a new hierarchical planning framework to solve the extrusion SAMP problems that usually have a long planning horizon and 3D configuration complexity. By decoupling sequence and motion planning, the planning framework is able to efficiently solve the extrusion sequence, end-effector poses, joint configurations, and transition trajectories for spatial trusses with nonstandard topologies. This paper also presents the first detailed computation data to reveal the runtime bottleneck on solving SAMP problems, which provides insight and comparing baseline for future algorithmic development. Together with the algorithmic results, this paper also presents an open-source and modularized software implementation called Choreo that is machine-agnostic. To demonstrate the power of this algorithmic framework, three case studies, including real fabrication and simulation results, are presented. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Motion planning

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UDP-TRIZ model improvement with a focus group discussion of TRIZ experts

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2020年第1期932卷

作者： S Shahrin K A A A Rahman K M Kamarudin R Che Me J R Razali I Abidin M M M Aminuddin I Mustaffa M F A Jalal M F C Hassan Faculty of Design and Architecture Universiti Putra Malaysia Malaysia Faculty of Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia Perlis Malaysia Centre of Modern Language and Human Science Universiti Malaysia Pahang Malaysia Faculty of Electronic and Computer Engineering Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka Malaysia Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering Technology Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technology Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka Malaysia Department of Mechanical Engineering College of Engineering Universiti Tenaga Nasional Selangor Malaysia Faculty of Technical and Vocational Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris Tanjung Malim Perak Malaysia

Universal Design is a fundamentals of good design. A product with Universal Design approach should provide wide range of solution for people with different purposes including those with diverse disabilities. However, designers often based on a subjective understanding of Universal Design Principles (UDP) to formulate design solutions. This result in the inaccurate conversion of design needs. A systematic approach is needed in order to develop a concept to meet the customer need. Previous studies shown potential integration of the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ) proposed to create a systematic approach for problem-solving requires creativity abilities. The purpose of this study is to explore the construction of the integration model of UDP and TRIZ 40 inventive principles. To construct the integration model of UDP and TRIZ 40 inventive principles, this study will use focus group discussion of certified TRIZ experts in the exploration of establishing an integration model of UDP and TRIZ 40 inventive principles. The further discussion onto the elements required to create the integration model by the TRIZ experts will be taken into consideration to construct a final model UDP-TRIZ model. Finally, the results are expected to lead towards a final integration model of the UDP and TRIZ integration model.

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Overview for the 37th WWRF Meeting

Overview for the 37th WWRF Meeting

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作者： Papathanassiou, Apostolos Sheen, Wern-Ho Wang, Chin-Liang Politis, Christos Next Generation and Standards Intel Client and Internet of Things Businesses and Systems Architecture Group Technology Development and Standardization Activities United States Department of Communications Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology National Chung Cheng University Atlanta United States Department of Electrical Engineering Institute of Communications Engineering National Tsing Hua University Taiwan National Technical University of Athens School of Computer Science Kingston University United Kingdom

Members of industry and academics discussed future mobile-radio standard fifth-generation (5G) technology at the 37th Wireless World Research Forum (WWRF) meeting, held 5/7 October 2016 in Kassel, Germany. International industrial representatives and scientists from 15 countries participated in 19 plenary talks, 16 working-group sessions, and two comprehensive tutorials on key 5G technologies. The experts discussed the current status, market potentials, and technical standards of 5G technology. The program included talks on connected vehicles, mobile health services, next-generation Ethernet-based fronthaul/xhaul, the Internet of Things (IoT), and an outlook beyond 5G. Working-group sessions addressed user needs and requirements, services and devices of 5G technology, new directions in communication architectures, and technologies, including high-frequency technologies. Highlights included the talks. © 2005-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Internet of things

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Author Correction: BigNeuron: a resource to benchmark and predict performance of algorithms for automated tracing of neurons in light microscopy datasets

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Nature methods 2024年第10期21卷 1959页

作者： Linus Manubens-Gil Zhi Zhou Hanbo Chen Arvind Ramanathan Xiaoxiao Liu Yufeng Liu Alessandro Bria Todd Gillette Zongcai Ruan Jian Yang Miroslav Radojević Ting Zhao Li Cheng Lei Qu Siqi Liu Kristofer E Bouchard Lin Gu Weidong Cai Shuiwang Ji Badrinath Roysam Ching-Wei Wang Hongchuan Yu Amos Sironi Daniel Maxim Iascone Jie Zhou Erhan Bas Eduardo Conde-Sousa Paulo Aguiar Xiang Li Yujie Li Sumit Nanda Yuan Wang Leila Muresan Pascal Fua Bing Ye Hai-Yan He Jochen F Staiger Manuel Peter Daniel N Cox Michel Simonneau Marcel Oberlaender Gregory Jefferis Kei Ito Paloma Gonzalez-Bellido Jinhyun Kim Edwin Rubel Hollis T Cline Hongkui Zeng Aljoscha Nern Ann-Shyn Chiang Jianhua Yao Jane Roskams Rick Livesey Janine Stevens Tianming Liu Chinh Dang Yike Guo Ning Zhong Georgia Tourassi Sean Hill Michael Hawrylycz Christof Koch Erik Meijering Giorgio A Ascoli Hanchuan Peng Institute for Brain and Intelligence Southeast University Nanjing China. Microsoft Corporation Redmond WA USA. Tencent AI Lab Bellevue WA USA. Computing Environment and Life Sciences Directorate Argonne National Laboratory Lemont IL USA. Kaya Medical Seattle WA USA. University of Cassino and Southern Lazio Cassino Italy. Center for Neural Informatics Structures and Plasticity Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study George Mason University Fairfax VA USA. Faculty of Information Technology Beijing University of Technology Beijing China. Beijing International Collaboration Base on Brain Informatics and Wisdom Services Beijing China. Nuctech Netherlands Rotterdam the Netherlands. Janelia Research Campus Howard Hughes Medical Institute Ashburn VA USA. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computation and Signal Processing Anhui University Hefei China. Paige AI New York NY USA. Scientific Data Division and Biological Systems and Engineering Division Lawrence Berkeley National Lab Berkeley CA USA. Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute and Redwood Center for Theoretical Neuroscience UC Berkeley Berkeley CA USA. RIKEN AIP Tokyo Japan. Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST) The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan. School of Computer Science University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia. Texas A&M University College Station TX USA. Cullen College of Engineering University of Houston Houston TX USA. Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan. National Centre for Computer Animation Bournemouth University Poole UK. PROPHESEE Paris France. Department of Neuroscience Columbia University New York NY USA. Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute Columbia University New York NY USA. Department of Computer Science Northern Illinois Universit

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Changing life expectancy in European countries 1990–2021: a subanalysis of causes and risk factors from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

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The Lancet Public Health 2025年第3期10卷 e172-e188页

作者： Steel, Nicholas Bauer-Staeb, Clarissa Maria Mercedes Ford, John A. Abbafati, Cristiana Abdalla, Mohammed Altigani Abdelkader, Atef Abdi, Parsa Zuñiga, Roberto Ariel Abeldaño Abiodun, Olugbenga Olusola Abolhassani, Hassan Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Abukhadijah, Hana J. Abu-Zaid, Ahmed Addo, Isaac Yeboah Addolorato, Giovanni Adekanmbi, Victor Adetunji, Juliana Bunmi Adeyeoluwa, Temitayo Esther Agardh, Emilie E. Agyemang-Duah, Williams Ahmad, Danish Ahmed, Ayman Ahmed, Syed Anees Akinosoglou, Karolina Akkaif, Mohammed Ahmed Al Awaidy, Salah Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz Al Zaabi, Omar Ali Mohammed Aldridge, Robert W. Algammal, Abdelazeem M. Al-Gheethi, Adel Ali Saeed Ali, Abid Ali, Mohammed Usman Ali, Syed Shujait Ali, Waad Alicandro, Gianfranco Alif, Sheikh Mohammad Al-Jumaily, Adel Allebeck, Peter Alrawashdeh, Ahmad Al-Rifai, Rami H. Alsabri, Mohammed A. Alshahrani, Najim Z. Aluh, Deborah Oyine Al-Wardat, Mohammad Al-Zyoud, Walid A. Amiri, Sohrab Anderlini, Deanna Andrei, Catalina Liliana Anil, Abhishek Anvari, Saeid Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw Aquilano, Michele Arabloo, Jalal Arafat, Mosab Areda, Demelash Aremu, Abdulfatai Armani, Keivan Armocida, Benedetta Ärnlöv, Johan Asaduzzaman, Muhammad Astell-Burt, Thomas Aujayeb, Avinash Ausloos, Marcel Azadnajafabad, Sina Aziz, Shahkaar Azzam, Ahmed Y. Babu, Giridhara Rathnaiah Badache, Andreea Corina Badiye, Ashish D. Bahramian, Saeed Baig, Atif Amin Baker, Jennifer L. Bansal, Hansi Bärnighausen, Till Winfried Barone, Mark Thomaz Ugliara Barrow, Amadou Barteit, Sandra Bashir, Shahid Bashiru, Hameed Akande Basso, João Diogo Bastan, Mohammad-Mahdi Basu, Sanjay Batra, Kavita Bauckneht, Matteo Baune, Bernhard T. Beghi, Massimiliano Beiranvand, Maryam Béjot, Yannick Bell, Michelle L. Bello, Olorunjuwon Omolaja Belo, Luis Beloukas, Apostolos Beneke, Alice A. Bettencourt, Paulo J.G. Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth Bhala, Neeraj Bhaskar, Sonu Bisulli, Francesca Bjørge, Tone Bodunrin, Aadam Olalekan Carvajal, Alejandro Botero Bouaoud, Souad Brayne, Carol Brenner, H Department of Primary Care and Public Health University of East Anglia Norwich United Kingdom Office for Health Improvement and Disparities Department of Health and Social Care London United Kingdom Department of Legal and Economic Studies La Sapienza University Rome Italy Rome Italy Hull York Medical School University of Hull Hull United Kingdom Department of Mathematics and Sciences Ajman University Ajman United Arab Emirates Department of Medicine Memorial University St. John's NL Canada Postgraduate Department University of Sierra Sur Miahuatlan de Porfirio Diaz Mexico Yhteiskuntadatatieteen keskus (Centre for Social Data Science) Helsinki Finland Department of Internal Medicine Federal Medical Centre Abuja Nigeria Research Center for Immunodeficiencies Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics Karolinska Institutet (Karolinska Institute) Stockholm Sweden Department of Clinical Sciences University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy University of Jordan Amman Jordan Medical Research Center Hamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Alfaisal University Riyadh Saudi Arabia College of Graduate Health Sciences University of Tennessee Memphis TN United States School of Medicine Sydney NSW Australia Centre for Social Research in Health University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia Internal Medicine and Alcohol Related Disease Unit Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS Rome Italy Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences Università Cattolica di Roma (Catholic University of Rome) Rome Italy Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston TX United States Department of Biochemistry Osun State University Osogbo Nigeria Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics University of Medical Sciences Ondo Ondo Nigeria Department of Veteri

Background: Decades of steady improvements in life expectancy in Europe slowed down from around 2011, well before the COVID-19 pandemic, for reasons which remain disputed. We aimed to assess how changes in risk factors and cause-specific death rates in different European countries related to changes in life expectancy in those countries before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We used data and methods from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2021 to compare changes in life expectancy at birth, causes of death, and population exposure to risk factors in 16 European Economic Area countries (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, and Sweden) and the four UK nations (England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales) for three time periods: 1990–2011, 2011–19, and 2019–21. Changes in life expectancy and causes of death were estimated with an established life expectancy cause-specific decomposition method, and compared with summary exposure values of risk factors for the major causes of death influencing life expectancy. Findings: All countries showed mean annual improvements in life expectancy in both 1990–2011 (overall mean 0·23 years [95% uncertainty interval [UI] 0·23 to 0·24]) and 2011–19 (overall mean 0·15 years [0·13 to 0·16]). The rate of improvement was lower in 2011–19 than in 1990–2011 in all countries except for Norway, where the mean annual increase in life expectancy rose from 0·21 years (95% UI 0·20 to 0·22) in 1990–2011 to 0·23 years (0·21 to 0·26) in 2011–19 (difference of 0·03 years). In other countries, the difference in mean annual improvement between these periods ranged from –0·01 years in Iceland (0·19 years [95% UI 0·16 to 0·21] vs 0·18 years [0·09 to 0·26]), to –0·18 years in England (0·25 years [0·24 to 0·25] vs 0·07 years [0·06 to 0·08]). In 2019–21, there was an overall decrease in mean annual life expectancy a

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