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International Symposium on Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering (ISFEE)

作者： A. Hayek J. Börcsök Institute for Computer Architecture and System Programming University of Kassel Kassel GERMANY

With the release of the second edition of the standard IEC 61508 for functional safety of electrical, electronic and programmable electronic systems, a set of methodologies and implementation techniques was presented, which allows the realization and certification of safety-related solutions with on-chip redundancy. In a broader context, the standard ISO 26262 offers similar methodologies for safety solutions for automotive applications. The main focus of the research work of our institute is laid on the development and certification of safety-chips according to the standard IEC 61508. Together with an industrial partner, we are developing chip-based safety-related solutions for several industrial applications. In the same context, several semiconductor manufacturers addressed the development of such solutions in the last years, mainly with the focus on automotive applications. The present paper provides an overview of existing and planned safety chip architectures. Furthermore, a cursory analysis of the presented safety-chips is carried out with respect to the standard IEC 61508. A deep qualitative and quantitative analysis require experiments and simulations which will be carried out in future work.

关键词： Safety IEC standards ISO standards Monitoring computer architecture Software

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RAM tests for safety-related architectures: A first approach

RAM tests for safety-related architectures: A first approach

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International Symposium on Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering (ISFEE)

作者： Michael Schreiber Emil Delic Ali Hayek Josef Börcsök Institute for Computer Architecture and System Programming University of Kassel Kassel Germany

Since the advent of traditional random access memory (RAM) tests, such as Checkerboard, more sophisticated tests and fault models have evolved, taking the characteristics of memories into account. Thus, given a specific type of memory, it would be straightforward to determine suitable state-of-the-art tests. However, the question our research focuses on is: “Which RAM tests do not need to be performed due to the safety architecture?” Even high-performance tests do require execution time. In the range of safety-related systems, diagnostics may consume most of the central processing unit (CPU) time, depending on the architecture. Therefore, this paper depicts how architectural characteristics can be taken into account to reasonably simplify specific RAM tests. This paper introduces our research on RAM tests in the range of safety-related systems. Therefore, key topics are introduced, first: comprehensively and starting from scratch, thus enabling anyone to follow our research. Second, an example is shown on how detecting stuck-at faults of address and data words, as demanded by IEC 61508 Ed.2.0, can be simplified by taking advantage of a 1oo2D safety architecture.

关键词： Random access memory Safety IEC standards computer architecture Circuit faults system-on-chip

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Miniaturized safety systems: A way for future tasks in safety engineering

Miniaturized safety systems: A way for future tasks in safet...

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XXII International Symposium on Information, Communication and Automation Technologies, ICAT

作者： Josef Börcsök Chair for Computer Architecture and System Programming University of Kassel Kassel Germany

Application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), which represent a target platform for safety-related applications, were already covered in the first edition of the standard IEC 61508 in terms of functional safety. Corresponding requirements are introduced in part 2 of the standard. However, using ASICs with on-chip redundancy for safety applications has been introduced only in subsequent drafts of the standard. Corresponding core requirements for on-chip redundancy for ASICs are explained in the second edition of the standard. The theoretical conclusions and analyses have been implemented in several research projects based on a redundant system architecture consisting of two RISC cores with a hardware comparator as a diagnosis unit. In this paper, the implementation of safety-related on-chip systems will be discussed on the basis of the theoretical requirements of the standard as well as on the basis of practice-related experiences.

关键词： Safety IEC Standards system-on-chip Power demand Hardware Software

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On-chip safety system for embedded control applications

On-chip safety system for embedded control applications

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Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference (MELECON)

作者： Ali Hayek Josef Börcsök Chair for Computer Architecture and System Programming University of Kassel Kassel Germany

In this paper nl approach of an on-chip safety system architecture conforming to the second edition of the standard IEC 61508 is presented. The presented chip considers on-chip redundancy with the presence of diagnostic units and is designed to meet the highest possible safety integrity level for on-chip systems. The presented on-chip safety system consists of two redundant processor channels, each of which has a processor unit, data memory, program memory, communication interfaces, inputs and outputs. Furthermore, on-chip diagnosis- and monitoring units and a communication core are integrated. The safety-related implementation of the proposed architecture is introduced in this paper. This includes hardware and software implementation methodologies. Finally, a brief evaluation of the presented architecture is presented.

关键词： Safety system-on-chip computer architecture IEC standards Hardware Software

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How safe is my system? Calculation of PFD-values for a safety related system

How safe is my system? Calculation of PFD-values for a safet...

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2nd International Conference on systems, ICONS 2007

作者： Börcsök, J. Holub, P. Schwarz, M.H. HIMA Paul Hildebrandt GmbH + Co. KG Albert-Bassermann-Str. 28 68782 Brühl Germany Computer Architecture and System Programming University of Kassel 34121 Kassel Germany

ISBN: (纸本)0769528074

The standard IEC/EN61508 provides the developer with guidelines to develop and implement safety related systems according to the international standard. The standard supplies qualitative and quantitative criteria to evaluated safety related systems, in order to apply it in safety critical applications. This paper details the criterion Probability of Failure on Demand (PFD). This paper derives the necessary equations and calculates the PFD-values for different system architectures. © 2007 IEEE.

关键词： Failure analysis

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A filtered tuning method for a GPC controller

A filtered tuning method for a GPC controller

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IET Irish Signals and systems Conference (ISSC 2010)

作者： M.H. Schwarz C.S. Cox J. Börcsök Department of Computer architecture and System programming Safety Computer Technology University of Kassel Germany Control Systems Centre University of Sunderland UK Department of Computer architecture and System programming University of Kassel Germany

This paper presents a new tuning method based on model parameters identified in closed-loop. For classical controllers such as PI(D) controllers a large number of simple tuning methods for various application areas exist. However, when it comes to designing a generalised predictive controller (GPC) four parameters have to be specified. To choose those parameters is not a trivial task since they are not directly related to control or regulation performance. The presented tuning method exploits model-parameters to select suitable controller parameters. Additionally, a Rhinehart filter is incorporated in the design to decrease the impact of noise, therefore, a fifth parameter has to be optimised. The proposed method has been tested in simulation and on a real system.

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Design and Implementation of an Instrumented walking cane for Detection of Freezing of Gait 3

Design and Implementation of an Instrumented walking cane fo...

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3rd IEEE International Multidisciplinary Conference on Engineering Technology, IMCET 2021

作者： Haidar Ahmad, Joelle El-Asmar, Alain Abi Zeid Daou, Roy Hayek, Ali Boercsoek, Josef Faculty of Public Health Biomedical Technologies Department Jounieh Lebanon MART Learning Education and Research Center Chananir Lebanon University of Kassel Faculty of Electrical Engineering/Computer Science Department of Computer Architecture and System Programming Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781665405874

Independent mobility is an important feature of an individual's normal life and with the elderly population continually growing, assistive devices such as walkers and canes provide help and guidance to users. Freezing of Gait (FoG) is an episodic phenomenon that is a common symptom of an age-related disease known as Parkinson Disease (PD). This paper is headed toward implementing a detection, diagnosis and correction system for FoG episodes. The proposed cane will generate visual, auditory and tactile cues to help patients overcome this problem, therefore reducing fall risks. In addition, a vibrating calf cuff will be attached to the calf for muscle stimulation. A compatible android phone application is designed to display heart rate measurements of the patient as well as his exact location in case of fall detection. The system is considered to be an electrically safe, portable, comfortable and a low-cost device. The performance of this system is analyzed thoroughly and the accuracy of all methodologies is considered carefully and evaluated. The results have shown no faulty errors and good accuracy and detection percentages. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： Diagnosis

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Basic concept for the selection of an appropriate “software failure prediction model”

Basic concept for the selection of an appropriate “software...

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World Conference on Complex systems (WCCS)

作者： Jamal Krini Josef Börcsök Department of Computer Architecture System Programming University of Kassel Kassel Germany Universitat Kassel Kassel Hessen DE

Software is nowadays used in almost all systems. Therefore, the reliability of the software is a crucial aspect in safety engineering. Software errors can cause life-threatening situations. To counter this, software reliability models are used. Currently, there are a great number of software reliability models existing. The model that will be considered as the most appropriate is depending on the respective project. That is why it cannot always be decided in advance which model would be the most suitable. In this paper a method is presented that serves to show how the most appropriate model for a project can be selected.

关键词： Software reliability Software Hazards Prognostics and health management Hardware

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Cost optimization and high available heterogeneous series-parallel redundant system design using genetic algorithms

Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering

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Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering 2015年 343卷 283-305页

作者： Chaaban, Walid Schwarz, Michael Börcsök, Josef Department of Computer Architecture and System Programming University of Kassel Willhelmshöher Allee. 71 Kassel34121 Germany

Heterogeneous redundant series-parallel systems allow the mixing of components within the same subsystem. This diversity feature may improve the overall characteristics of the system compared with the homogeneous case in term of less susceptibility against so called common-cause failures and reduced cost. That means they guarantee longer availability and are quite suitable for systems that are designed to perform continuous processes. But the main challenging task is to determine the optimal design that corresponds to the minimal investment costs and satisfies the predefined constraints. This kind of combinatorial optimization tasks is perfectly solved using heuristic methods, since those approaches showed stability, powerfulness, and computing effectiveness in solving such matters. This task is more complex than the homogeneous case since the search space is getting larger due to the fact that every component available and that can be deployed in a subsystem has to be taken into account. This fact leads definitely to greater chromosome length and makes the search more time consuming. The algorithm has been implemented in Matlab and three different existing models (Levitin, Lisnianski, and Ouzineb) have been considered for a comparison with the homogeneous case and for validation purposes. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015.

关键词： Genetic algorithms

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Concepts of safety networks in industries - Part II

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WSEAS Transactions on Communications 2006年第8期5卷 1414-1419页

作者： Börcsök, Josef Ugljesa, E. Holub, P. Computer Architecture and System Programming University of Kassel Wilhelmshöher Allee 73 34121 Kassel Germany

This paper is the second part of concepts of safety networks in industries. In the first part the requirements and specifications were detailed to be considered and fulfilled to design safety bus systems. The second part introduces data integrity in more detail and compares mathematically different architectures of safety-bus-systems.

关键词： Accident prevention

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