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IEEE International Symposium on Dependable, Autonomic and Secure Computing (DASC)

作者： Abdul Rafay Khatri Ali Hayek Josef Börscök Department of Computer Architecture and System Programming University of Kassel Kassel Germany Universitat Kassel Kassel Hessen DE

Owing to the condensed size of components in digital designs on the FPGA, it is difficult to guarantee an acceptable degree of reliability due to soft-errors. These designs are mostly available in Hardware Description Languages (HDL) at various abstraction levels, e.g. gate-level, data-flow, and behavioural. Fault Injection (FI) is a well-known technique to assess the dependability of such designs. Broadly, FI techniques for FPGA-based designs are categorized into emulation and simulation-based techniques. Simulation-Based FI (SBFI) tools work on hardware models of designs and help designers to test and verify designs at an early phase of the FPGA design & development flow. Testing, dependability analysis, and fault simulation applications require a faulty model of the original design during fault injection campaign. Therefore, we require a tool which can automatically generate the faulty model of the original design written at any abstraction levels and perform fault injection testing and dependability analysis. In this paper, a fault injection tool (RASP-FIT) is presented, which consists of an automatic code modifier (fault injection algorithm), fault injection control unit and result analyser. Previously, the tool is used for code-modification, test and hardness analysis for gate-level designs. In this paper, an enhancement of a code modifier along with result analyser techniques are applied to the data-flow benchmark designs and presented.

关键词： Circuit faults Tools Hardware design languages Logic gates Benchmark testing Prototypes

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Concepts of safety networks in industries

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WSEAS Transactions on Communications 2006年第8期5卷 1407-1413页

作者： Börcsök, Josef Schwarz, Michael H. Holub, P. Computer Architecture and System Programming University of Kassel Wilhelmshöher Allee 73 34121 Kassel Germany

This paper details the needs, demands and specifications to be incorporated and satisfied to design safety bus systems for modern industries. Distributed control systems in industries are connected via bus systems, and need efficient and uninterrupted communication between all bus stations. Therefore, it is compulsory that these communications are fault tolerant and safe. For safety related systems, further safety layers are mandatory to perform these requirements. In a safety related application it is important that the safe protocol alone is not able to achieve this task without a safety source node at one end and a safe destination node at the other. Only the combination between safety related protocol and safety related hardware nodes can accomplish the requirements for safety related networks systems.

关键词： Accident prevention

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Safe-system-on-Chip for Functional Safety

Safe-System-on-Chip for Functional Safety

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IEEE SSD International Multi-Conference on systems, Signals and Devices

作者： Josef Börcsök Waldemar Müller Eike Hahn Michael Schwarz Mohamed Abdelawwad ICAS Institute for Computer Architecture and System Programming University of Kassel Kassel Germany

Various research institutions and semiconductor manufacturers have presented approaches for miniaturized safety systems based on redundant configurations in the last years. ICAS has been working on approaches for Safety systems on Chip (SoC) since 2005 and has developed several certified variants of safety SoCs in this context together with well-known safety manufacturers. In parallel, the further development of the architecture of safety SoCs was also driven forward and manifested with the ReSCU-V1 in 2018. A logical consequence is the development of the ReSCU-V2, with which further architectural developments of the safe SoC design at ICAS in kassel have succeeded with a practically completely redundant architecture. The resulting SoC was realized on a 180 nm process from UMC. It has a chip size of 5×5 mm and consumes less than 500 mW of power.

关键词： Connectors ISO Standards Ethernet Safety system-on-chip Mechanical engineering Chip scale packaging

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Advanced IOT Traffic Light Control system 5

Advanced IOT Traffic Light Control System

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5th International Conference on Advances in Computational Tools for Engineering Applications, ACTEA 2023

作者： Hamad, Martin Abou El Hajj, Antonio Daou, Roy Abi Zeid Hayek, Ali Haidar, Gaby Abou Lebanese German University Faculty of Public Health Biomedical Technologies Department Lebanon MART Learning Education and Research Center Lebanon University of Kassel Department of Computer Architecture and System Programming Kassel Germany American University of Science and Technology Engineering Faculty Zahle Lebanon

ISBN: (纸本)9798350309959

For several years, traffic congestion has been a major problem in big cities where the number of cars and different means of transportation has been increasing significantly. The problem of congestion is becoming more and more critical, and if not treated smartly this issue will negatively affect drivers by wasting time and fuel gas while waiting for hours in lanes. This paper presents a new and smart way to mitigate this issue in an affordable cost, minimum processing power, and low power consumption. This concept takes into consideration the majority of the cases that may cause congestion and presents a smart and accurate outputs to ease traffic flow leading to the prediction of the peak hours of traffic congestion for smarter control. A model is designed to study the case of a four lanes crossroad with two traffic lights and two LCD monitors. The strategy in reading data is divided into two parts: real data from sensors and pre collected data from google maps to create a kind of a predicted pattern over a certain time interval. The responsiveness of the system is analyzed thoroughly, and the accuracy of all possible cases is carefully considered and evaluated. Each part of the system was tested alone, and the overall system is still in an ongoing testing phase. The results have shown minimum faulty errors and accepted outputs that can lead to safe traffic control decisions. Finally, integrating more IoT devices and sensors between V2V, V2P, V2I with the help of artificial intelligence will definitely optimize this system with higher accuracy. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Traffic congestion

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SoC approach for low cost and low power consumption based on ARM Cortex M3 according to ISO 26262

SoC approach for low cost and low power consumption based on...

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IEEE SSD International Multi-Conference on systems, Signals and Devices

作者： Muhammad Ikram Hafiz Mohamed Abdelawwad Waldemar Müller Eike Hahn Josef Börcsök ICAS Institute for Computer Architecture and System Programming University of Kassel Kassel Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781665414937;9781665430579

The next milestone in the automotive industry is to achieve the complete autonomous driving capability. This demands high performance computing controllers and a larger number of Electronic Controller Units (ECUs) for realizing this goal. Also, the current shift towards electric cars where the battery capacity is limited, urges for new efficient approaches. Therefore, developing compact, miniaturized integrated controller that encompasses all the features is essential for minimizing the power consumption. At the same time, this approach of ECUs must also ensure the cost efficiency. To address and handle this need, the reduction in the ECUs numbers is necessary to reduce the cost factor but at the same time not compromising on the functionalities. Therefore, the approach of integrating these individual features in a single ECU is a promising way forward, i.e., system-on-Chip (SoC). To design and implement such an SoC for the automotive industry that ensures the safe operation of the controlled functions, it must follow a particular development criterion according to the ISO 26262 - functional safety of the road vehicles. This work focuses on the development of an SoC according to the ISO 26262 standard based on ARM Cortex M3 architecture which is an attractive candidate due to its low cost and low power consumption.

关键词： Industries Power demand ISO Standards Redundancy Layout Routing Safety

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Communication SoC based on 1oo2D architecture for industrial human-robot-collaboration

Communication SoC based on 1oo2D architecture for industrial...

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IEEE SSD International Multi-Conference on systems, Signals and Devices

作者： Mohamed Abdelawwad Malte Drabesch Michael Schwarz Muhammad Ikram Hafiz Josef Börcsök ICAS Institute for Computer Architecture and System Programming University of Kassel Kassel Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781665414937;9781665430579

The mechanical force imparted by industrial robots is enormous and can lead to dangerous situations for human workers and property if they malfunction. system designs based on the redundancy concept are essential to avoid or mitigate the resulting risk, which is recommended by the various safety standards. In this paper, a 1oo2D based safety SoC that provides multiple Ethernet communication interfaces is presented. Two different design approaches are implemented using the in-house FPGA development board based on the LEON3 soft processor. The software algorithms for each approach are developed and verified.

关键词： Service robots Software algorithms Ethernet computer architecture Robot sensing systems Software Safety

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New scientific contributions to the prediction of the reliability of critical systems which based on imperfect debugging method and the increase of quality of service

New scientific contributions to the prediction of the reliab...

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International Symposium on Telecommunications (BIHTEL)

作者： Ossmane Krini Josef Börcsök Computer Architecture and System Programming University of Kassel Kassel Germany Universitat Kassel Kassel Hessen DE

This paper presents a new method by which it is possible to realistically predict the software reliability of critical systems. The main feature of this method is that it allows estimating the number of remaining critical faults in the software. The algorithm employs well-known methods such as Imperfect Debugging and it provides a more reliable prognosis than the methods conventionally used for this purpose. Furthermore, the new approach describes two processes of handling critical failures (one for detection and one for correction). The new algorithm also takes into account the socalled repair time, a measurement that is vitally important for a reliable prognosis. For use in the prediction model, it is mathematically described as a time function. As every programmer knows, it can be difficult to have even the simplest program run without faults. So-called software reliability models (SRM's), based on stochastic and aiming to predict the reliability of both software and hardware, have been used since the 70's. SRM's rely on certain model assumptions some of which cannot be deemed realistic anymore. Hence, for today's reliability engineering, these models are insufficient. At this point in time, though, there are hardly any methods that enable us to obtain predictions as to how the reliability of critical faults or the failure rate of critical systems behave over time. Currently, there is no mathematical model distinguishing between critical and non-critical faults, and only few models consider Imperfect Debugging (ID). The method presented here, however, is based on ID and it is able to distinguish between critical and non-critical software faults. Moreover, this new method employs a so-called Time-Delay and thus two new processes have to be designed. Mathematically, these processes describe the detection of faults and their correction, respectively. It is necessary to define appropriate distribution functions and to clearly state the requisite model assumptions.

关键词： Reliability IP networks Lead Debugging

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A survey on OPC and OPC-UA: About the standard, developments and investigations

A survey on OPC and OPC-UA: About the standard, developments...

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XXII International Symposium on Information, Communication and Automation Technologies, ICAT

作者： M. H. Schwarz J. Börcsök Safety Computer Technology University of Kassel Kassel Germany Computer Architecture und System Programming University of Kassel Kassel Germany

In 1996, a new standard was announced that should serve as a software interface to exchange process data and to solve the problem to exchange process data using different industrial protocols and communication systems. A successful story started since then with few additional standards like the Alarm and Event standard using the OPC approach and some revisions and new editions. Ten years later a new approach was created that unified all existing standards and was also concerned with e.g. interoperability, security and web-based systems. This paper details the different OPC standards, tries to answer the question why this standard is important for industries and academia and where current research and development utilising those standards.

关键词： Standards Servers Security Industries XML computer architecture Automation

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Estimation and evaluation of common cause failures

Estimation and evaluation of common cause failures

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2nd International Conference on systems, ICONS 2007

作者： Börcsök, J. Schaefer, S. Ugljesa, E. Computer Architecture and System Programming University of Kassel Wilhelmshöher Allee 73 34121 Kassel Germany HIMA Paul Hildebrandt GmbH + Co. KG Albert-Bassermann-Str. 28 68782 Brühl Germany

ISBN: (纸本)0769528074

Success of many modern applications is highly dependent on the correct functioning of complex computer based systems. In some cases, failures in these systems may cause serious consequences in terms of loss of human life. systems in which failure could endanger human life are termed safety-critical. The SIS (Safety Instrumented system) should be designed to meet the required safety integrity level as defined in the safety requirement specification (safety requirement allocation). Moreover, the SIS design should be performed in a way that minimizes the potential for common mode or common cause failures (CCF). A CCF occurs when a single fault result in the corresponding failure of multiple components. Thus, CCFs can result in the SIS failing to function when there is a process demand. Consequently, CCFs have to be identified during the design process and the potential impact on the SIS functionality have to be understood. This paper gives details about the estimation and evaluation of common failures and assesses a 1oo2 system. It is a survey paper that presents the newest developments in common cause failure analysis. © 2007 IEEE.

关键词： Surveying instruments

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Design and Implementation of an EMG-based system for Monitoring and Help Request

Design and Implementation of an EMG-based System for Monitor...

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2022 International Conference on Smart systems and Power Management, IC2SPM 2022

作者： Zeine, Carla Daou, Roy Abi Zeid Telawi, Samer Boercsoek, Josef Hayek, Ali Haidar, Gaby Abou University of Kassel Faculty of Electrical Engineering /Computer Science Department of Computer Architecture and System Programming Kassel Germany Lebanese German University Faculty of Public Health Jounieh Department of Computer Architecture and System Programming Biomedical Technologies Department Jounieh Lebanon Université la Sagesse Faculty of Engineering Furn El Chebbak Mechatronics Department Beirut Lebanon University of Applied Science Hamm-Lippstadt Department Lippstadt 2 Hardware Engineering Marker Allee 76-78 Hamm59063 Germany American University of Science and Technology Faculty of Engineering Zahle Lebanon

ISBN: (数字)9781665452915

ISBN: (纸本)9781665452915

Integrating electrophysiological signals in larger systems is getting wider due to the fact that such modalities facilitate the daily tasks of users. However, the high cost of monitoring systems (e.g., oscilloscopes) limits the testing and analysis of the acquired signal from such noisy systems (i. e., electrophysiological devices). The proposed system is a part of a larger proj ect that deals with the identification of sign language movements through the use of Muscle-computer Interfaces. On one hand, the user is able to display the signal acquired by the electrodes on an LCD screen. On the other hand, the system helps a mute patient to issue a special message to his surrounding environment that does not know the sign language to ask for help. The second feature is not unique, as it can be replaced by any other application based on the user's needs. The system was tested on several persons, and the results are promising. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Liquid crystal displays

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