The Monte Carlo Simulation is one mean to calculate safety parameters like MTTF for safety related systems. This procedure helps simulating real failure on demand for safety functions using random numbers. The MTTF-va...
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The Monte Carlo Simulation is one mean to calculate safety parameters like MTTF for safety related systems. This procedure helps simulating real failure on demand for safety functions using random numbers. The MTTF-value can be calculated either directly, via Monte Carlo Simulation, using χ2 - or Student-distributions. Relevant is the fact, that a high number of simulation cycles and/or a large simulation time can be used.
OPC which stands for Open Process Control is the world's fastest growing industrial standard that has emerged to provide a greater interoperability between various process control hardware devices from different m...
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OPC which stands for Open Process Control is the world's fastest growing industrial standard that has emerged to provide a greater interoperability between various process control hardware devices from different manufacturers and windows based automation applications. For this purpose OPC defines a set of interfaces, based on Microsoft's OLE/ COM and DCOM technology. OPC standard also provides benefits for both end users and vendors in the Process Control community. This paper disc usses an introduction to OPC, OPC specifications, OPC architectures, OPC strategies for redundancy and OPC benefits.
This paper is the second part of concepts of safety networks in industries. In the first part the requirements and specifications were detailed to be considered and fulfilled to design safety bus systems. The second p...
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This paper is the second part of concepts of safety networks in industries. In the first part the requirements and specifications were detailed to be considered and fulfilled to design safety bus systems. The second part introduces data integrity in more detail and compares mathematically different architectures of safety-bus-systems.
This paper details the needs, demands and specifications to be incorporated and satisfied to design safety bus systems for modern industries. Distributed control systems in industries are connected via bus systems, an...
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This paper details the needs, demands and specifications to be incorporated and satisfied to design safety bus systems for modern industries. Distributed control systems in industries are connected via bus systems, and need efficient and uninterrupted communication between all bus stations. Therefore, it is compulsory that these communications are fault tolerant and safe. For safety related systems, further safety layers are mandatory to perform these requirements. In a safety related application it is important that the safe protocol alone is not able to achieve this task without a safety source node at one end and a safe destination node at the other. Only the combination between safety related protocol and safety related hardware nodes can accomplish the requirements for safety related networks systems.
This paper presents an advanced control structure exploiting a GPC master-slave solution to regulate the oxygen and nitrification process of a simulated water treatment plant. The slave controller regulates the proces...
This paper presents an advanced control structure exploiting a GPC master-slave solution to regulate the oxygen and nitrification process of a simulated water treatment plant. The slave controller regulates the process variable, whilst the master controller changes the set-point for the slave controller depending on the output behaviour of the system. The presented structure outperforms significantly the standard control structure. Different weather conditions are simulated and analysed for comparison
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