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International Forum on Strategic Technology, IFOST

作者： Josef Burcsuk Department of Computer Architecture and System Programming University of Kassel Kassel Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781424435890

The international standard IEC/61508 provides the developer with guidelines for the design and implementation of safety related systems according to this standard. This standard states qualitative and quantitative criteria in order to judge a safety related system in such a way that safety critical applications can be implemented. This paper details a quantitative criterion which is the probability of failure on low demand, known as PFD. After an introduction into this topic, the principle steps to calculate the probability of failure with the help of reliability block diagrams for different hardware architecture will be detailed and presented. The PFD-equations will be derived for a 1oo1 architecture with the help of MacLaurin series.

关键词： IEC standards Software safety Phase frequency detector Standards development Hardware Guidelines Probability Software standards Maintenance Electrical safety

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Design of a low cost equipment that may limit Sudden Infant Death Syndrome 4

Design of a low cost equipment that may limit Sudden Infant ...

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4th International Conference on Advances in Biomedical Engineering, ICABME 2017

作者： Daou, Roy Abi Zeid Maalouf, Frederic Geagea, Christian Hayek, Ali Boercsoek, Josef Lebanese German University Faculty of Public Health Biomedical Technologies Department Sahel-Alma Lebanon MART Learning Education and Research Center Chananiir Lebanon Department of Computer Architecture and System Programming University of Kassel Kassel Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781538616420

This paper deals with the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) problem. The main objective is to limit it by controlling the main reasons that may lead to it. Sudden infant death syndrome is the death without specific reason of a healthy newborn, usually during sleep. Although the causes are unknown, SIDS may be related to abnormalities in the infant's brain that controls breathing and arousal from sleep. Researchers have identified several measures that increase the risk on their babies. Thus, this paper proposes a low cost system that may help in monitoring the baby vital signs responsible for the SIDS and sending notifications to parents when abnormalities are encountered. The system is based on a microcontroller that regroups all sensors' outputs and a mobile application that displays these values, controls the video coming from a camera and send notifications in case of abnormal signals. The system was tested over 10 newborns (between 1 month and 2 years) over 3 weeks and the alarms were going well. © 2017 IEEE.

关键词： Alarm systems

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New approach to determine the critical number of failure in software systems

New approach to determine the critical number of failure in ...

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XXII International Symposium on Information, Communication and Automation Technologies, ICAT

作者： Ossmane Krini Josef Börcsök Computer Architecture and System Programming University of Kassel Kassel Germany

Software-Engineering is very important today. In industry (specifically by software critical system) it is important to produce high reliable software, i.e. software with low proportion of faults. To produce such reliable software, a long handling process is required, and because this process consumes a large amount of time and resources to achieve the desired reliability goals it is useful to use Software Reliability Stochastic Models to predict the required software testing time. In this paper a new approach to reflecting the residual number of critical failures in software-systems is introduced. There are currently very few processes enabling us to predict the reliability of the critical failures or the critical failure rate for critical systems. Furthermore, we will focus on distinguishing the critical failures in the software. We will thus distinguish both critical as well as non-critical failures in the Software. Therefore it is important to divide the process into two classes, detection- and correction class. To develop an approach it is necessary to determine corresponding distribution functions and model assumptions.

关键词： Software Software reliability Mathematical model Weibull distribution Maximum likelihood estimation

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Wireless communication modeling for safety related systems

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International Journal of Circuits, systems and Signal Processing 2014年 8卷 330-336页

作者： Pendli, P.K. Schwarz, M. Wacker, H.D. Boercsoek, J. Department of Computer Architecture and System Programming University of Kassel Wilhelmshoeher Allee 71 Kassel34121 Germany

This paper deals with the modeling of wireless communication for safety related systems. To achieve safe wireless communication for safety related systems, the wireless channel is modeled by taking into account both bit errors and erasures (loss of information) that occur during wireless transmission of the information. To reduce the bit errors and to detect the erasures, a coding method for transmitting the code word is suggested in this paper. With this coding method, parameters such as bit error, probability of undetected error are reduced and the bit erasures that occur due to fast fading and channel losses are detected confidently. The safety methods as defined according to the European standard EN 50159-2 are taken into consideration and their implementation to achieve safe wireless communication for safety related systems is explained in this paper. The mathematical derivations to calculate the probability of failures per hour (PFH) values for wireless communication with the suggested coding method are derived. With the derived PFH equation, safety integrity level (SIL) achieved for a particular wireless technology can be determined. Finally, the SIL levels achieved for Bluetooth technology are shown. © 2014 North Atlantic university Union. All rights reserved.

关键词： Bit error rate

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Advanced PFH calculations for safety integrity systems with high diagnostic

Advanced PFH calculations for safety integrity systems with ...

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XXII International Symposium on Information, Communication and Automation Technologies, ICAT

作者： P. Holub J. Börcsök Computer Architecture and System Programming University of Kassel Kassel Germany

The calculation of "Probability of Failure on Demand" (PFH) according to IEC 61508 shows for a 1oo1 and a 1oo2 system using the same initial values that - as expected - a 1oo2 system is a better safety integrity system than a 1oo1 system. This means, that a 1oo2 system has a lower probability of failure than a 1oo1 system. Comparing the same systems operating in a high demand or continuous mode of operation, there will be some cases, especially for systems with high diagnostics, where a 1oo1 system has a lower ¿Probability of Failure per Hour¿ (PFH) value than a 1oo2 system, using the PFH formulas according to IEC 61508. Using the equation according to IEC 61508, it is also possible that the PFH value is apparently better the longer the system runs either in the high mode or continuous mode of operation. Both results are irreproducible in industrial reality. Therefore, this paper will analyze first what conditions are necessary to get a hazard event when using a PFH system. Only those cases are considered in the modified PFH calculation, in which indeed a hazard event occurs. In a second step, it presents a new approach with the help of plausible arguments in order to calculate the PFH value of a PFH system considering a high diagnostic and a very low failure rate. The presented approach can also be correctly verified with mathematics using the advanced Markov model also described in this paper.

关键词： IEC standards Phase frequency detector Hazards Protection computer architecture Humans Safety devices Robotic assembly Risk analysis Probability

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Enhancing a simulation environment for computer architecture to a systemC based testbench tool for design verification

Enhancing a simulation environment for computer architecture...

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XXII International Symposium on Information, Communication and Automation Technologies, ICAT

作者： M. Westmeier B. Herwig J. Börcsök Computer Architecture and System Programming University of Kassel Kassel Germany

This paper presents a simulation environment, which is a C++/systemC based integrated framework for functional verification of designed components or electronic architectures and enhances the existing computer architecture simulation tool named sefca. As the VHDL sources are converted to systemC it is sufficient for verification engineers to have a fundamental knowledge of C++ and the systemC library. The testbench framework uses the same graphical user interface (GUI) based on the wxPython library, which was presented in the sefca tool. Verification of the design is supported by the systemC verification library (SCV). Inter-Process-Communication is used to send the stimuli for simulation input from the GUI to the simulation process and the simulation results back to the online viewer in the GUI. With these enhancements sefca becomes a universal tool for testing the software and the hardware part of a new design at the same time. Working on the transaction level model (TLM) the proposed methodology offers a high performance and a high level of abstraction.

关键词： Clocks Unified modeling language Object oriented modeling Libraries computer architecture Software Hardware

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Different approaches for probability of common cause failure on demand calculations for safety integrity systems

Different approaches for probability of common cause failure...

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ACS/IEEE International Conference on computer systems and Applications

作者： Josef Borcsok Peter Holub Computer Architecture and System Programming University of Kassel Kassel Germany

The common cause failures (ccf) are the biggest part when calculating the probability of failure for redundant safety integrity systems. A ccf can occur, when a random hardware failure leads to a failure of several components. There are several methods to calculate the probability of ccf. Three models will be shown in this paper, with the help of which the beta-factor will be calculated. The ccf ratio for the calculation of the overall probability of failure is defined with the beta-factor.

关键词： Probability Risk analysis Product safety Safety devices computer architecture Hardware Control systems Production systems Pipelines Pumps

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Estimation and Evaluation of Common Cause Failures

Estimation and Evaluation of Common Cause Failures

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ICONS International Conference on systems

作者： J. Borcsok S. Schaefer E. Ugljesa Computer Architecture and System Programming University of Kassel Kassel Germany

Success of many modern applications is highly dependent on the correct functioning of complex computer based systems. In some cases, failures in these systems may cause serious consequences in terms of loss of human life. systems in which failure could endanger human life are termed safety-critical. The SIS (safety instrumented system) should be designed to meet the required safety integrity level as defined in the safety requirement specification (safety requirement allocation). Moreover, the SIS design should be performed in a way that minimizes the potential for common mode or common cause failures (CCF). A CCF occurs when a single fault result in the corresponding failure of multiple components. Thus, CCFs can result in the SIS failing to function when there is a process demand. Consequently, CCFs have to be identified during the design process and the potential impact on the SIS functionality have to be understood. This paper gives details about the estimation and evaluation of common failures and assesses a loo2 system. It is a survey paper that presents the newest developments in common cause failure analysis.

关键词： Redundancy Safety Hardware Failure analysis Fault tolerant systems computer architecture Functional programming Humans Reliability engineering Application software

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FPGA-based wireless sensor network platform for safety systems

FPGA-based wireless sensor network platform for safety syste...

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International Conference on Telecommunications (ICT)

作者： Ali Hayek Bashier Machmur Yusuf Suna Josef Börcsök Computer Architecture and System Programming University of Kassel Kassel Germany

Sensor communication applications not only require high performance processing but also flexible and reliable computing. Today, standard microprocessor systems are still application oriented and aren't suitable by implication for reliability-related and safety-related applications. In order to achieve a certain safety integrity level (SIL), several measures, methodologies and especially additional components should be considered, which leads to more and more complex systems. For this reason, new application devices should be targeted. In this context, reconfigurable devices such as SRAM-based Field Programmable Gates Arrays (FPGAs) provide a suitable solution due to their flexibility, and the necessary computing performance at affordable design cost and time. In fact, SRAM-Based FPGAs are nowadays frequently used in embedded communication systems due to their design flexibility and reconfigurability. This paper presents a prototyping platform for an FPGA-based safety-related communication system for a wireless sensor network. As a case study an acceleration sensor application is introduced.

关键词： Field programmable gate arrays Hardware Safety computer architecture Acceleration Monitoring Software

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Laser scanner based position detection for safety related applications

Laser scanner based position detection for safety related ap...

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International Symposium on Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering (ISFEE)

作者： R. Thum M. Bichuniak J. Börcsök Computer Architecture and System Programming University of Kassel Kassel Germany

New Solutions of autonomous vehicles, which are traveling along a painted line on the floor, have been found. In many cases navigation along a painted line will not be accepted because the ground will not be suitable for a painted line. Environmental concerns prohibit putting anything in or on the ground. A free navigation system is necessary. The load and the size of these vehicles increase. Areas where they are found are expanding. It is undoubtedly true that a safety related position detection system with a strong sense of accuracy would be needed to establish such a secure communication. A system that operates with high accuracy and high reliability is introduced here.

关键词： Vehicles Bar codes Wheels Accuracy Safety Reliability Monitoring

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