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XXII International Symposium on Information, Communication and Automation Technologies, ICAT

作者： Abderrahim Krini Jamal Krini Ossmane Krini Josef Börcsök Robert Bosch GmbH Research Department Functional Safety Schwabisch Gmund Germany Department of Computer Architecture and System P. University of Kassel Kassel Germany

If safety related systems are remanufactured, as for example steering systems, the functionality, the functional safety, the reliability and the quality have to fulfill the series standards such as the E/E/PE standard IEC 61508 or the automobile standard ISO 26262. This paper examines an investigation with the objective to present a prevention model with which the reliability and the renewal function of safety components for remanufactured systems can predict. Failure data serve as a basis and make the predict model not only to a theoretical, but also to a practical tool.

关键词： Distribution functions Vehicles Density functional theory Steering systems Reliability theory Safety

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Wireless communication modeling for safety related systems

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International Journal of Circuits, systems and Signal Processing 2014年 8卷 330-336页

作者： Pendli, P.K. Schwarz, M. Wacker, H.D. Boercsoek, J. Department of Computer Architecture and System Programming University of Kassel Wilhelmshoeher Allee 71 Kassel34121 Germany

This paper deals with the modeling of wireless communication for safety related systems. To achieve safe wireless communication for safety related systems, the wireless channel is modeled by taking into account both bit errors and erasures (loss of information) that occur during wireless transmission of the information. To reduce the bit errors and to detect the erasures, a coding method for transmitting the code word is suggested in this paper. With this coding method, parameters such as bit error, probability of undetected error are reduced and the bit erasures that occur due to fast fading and channel losses are detected confidently. The safety methods as defined according to the European standard EN 50159-2 are taken into consideration and their implementation to achieve safe wireless communication for safety related systems is explained in this paper. The mathematical derivations to calculate the probability of failures per hour (PFH) values for wireless communication with the suggested coding method are derived. With the derived PFH equation, safety integrity level (SIL) achieved for a particular wireless technology can be determined. Finally, the SIL levels achieved for Bluetooth technology are shown. © 2014 North Atlantic university Union. All rights reserved.

关键词： Bit error rate

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Laser scanner based position detection for safety related applications

Laser scanner based position detection for safety related ap...

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International Symposium on Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering (ISFEE)

作者： R. Thum M. Bichuniak J. Börcsök Computer Architecture and System Programming University of Kassel Kassel Germany

New Solutions of autonomous vehicles, which are traveling along a painted line on the floor, have been found. In many cases navigation along a painted line will not be accepted because the ground will not be suitable for a painted line. Environmental concerns prohibit putting anything in or on the ground. A free navigation system is necessary. The load and the size of these vehicles increase. Areas where they are found are expanding. It is undoubtedly true that a safety related position detection system with a strong sense of accuracy would be needed to establish such a secure communication. A system that operates with high accuracy and high reliability is introduced here.

关键词： Vehicles Bar codes Wheels Accuracy Safety Reliability Monitoring

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Approach to the development of an FPGA-based safety-related, complete communication computer system

Approach to the development of an FPGA-based safety-related,...

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International Symposium on Telecommunications (BIHTEL)

作者： Emil Gracic Ali Hayek Josef Börcsök Chair for Computer Architecture and System Programming University of Kassel Kassel Germany

This paper describes the implementation and integration process of a complete communication computer system on the field programmable gate array (FPGA). After such a design is reached, safety measures are integrated to achieve a safety-related architecture. For this purpose a diagnostic unit will be implemented, consisting of hardware and software tests. Hardware tests are related to the control of the FPGA functionality. They are based on the integration of two existing methods to reach complete hardware test coverage. The software tests are used for a continuous testing of the whole system (this means testing the central processing unit, bus systems, peripherals and memory). Furthermore, a safety multiplexer is integrated with the task to turn off the current operating system (main system) and to turn on a redundant system when a failure is introduced via the diagnostic unit. The safety multiplexer has to give the permission to the redundant system to receive the outputs from the main system in a way that is free from faults. The microcontroller ColdFire is used as a basis, which provides numerous features for the control of various peripherals as well as the connection of various types of memory.

关键词： Safety Field programmable gate arrays Multiplexing computers Hardware Software Microcontrollers

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The benefits of middleware for safety-related systems-on-chip

The benefits of middleware for safety-related systems-on-chi...

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International Symposium on Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering (ISFEE)

作者： Karolin Löser Emil Delic Michael Schreiber Ali Hayek Josef Börcsök Institute for Computer Architecture and System Programming University of Kassel Kassel Germany

system-on-Chip architectures are increasingly designed for safety-related purposes. As a very high level of interlocking of hard- and software is required for such specialized systems, different concepts for the software composition are necessary. This paper investigates the benefits resulting from the utilization of a middleware which handles all low-level hardware access demanded by the application. Several measures recommended by standard IEC 61508 are implemented “quasi-automatically” if a certified middleware is used. In addition, the certification effort is drastically decreased if the implementation of main functionalities is based on certified, reused components. Another “side-effect” is the hiding of details concerning the system-on-chip and the operating system as the application always uses the middleware interfaces.

关键词： system-on-chip IEC standards Hardware Middleware Safety

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Embedded safety on a chip for SIL3 applications

Embedded safety on a chip for SIL3 applications

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International Conference on Microelectronics, ICM

作者： Ali Hayek Bashier Machmur Michael Schreiber Josef Börcsök University of Kassel Chair for Computer Architecture and System Programming Kassel Germany

In this paper a complete safety controller on a single chip is introduced. The presented chip is a comprehensive solution that includes a certified application specific integrated circuit for safety-critical applications according to the safety standard IEC 61508, meeting the safety integrity level SIL3. Furthermore, a SIL3 operating system and a SIL3 middleware are also briefly presented in this paper. Based on the presented solution, the smallest certified safety controller represents an innovative product and allows system manufacturers to create safe solutions that are ready for certification.

关键词： Safety IEC standards system-on-chip Middleware Operating systems

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Evaluation and analysis of an on-chip safety system architecture

Evaluation and analysis of an on-chip safety system architec...

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IEEE SSD International Multi-Conference on systems, Signals and Devices

作者： Ali Hayek Josef Börcsök Institute for Computer Architecture and System Programming University of Kassel Kassel Germany

Due to the continuing development of semiconductor structures, it can be allowed nowadays to integrate faster and more efficient systems into a very small area of silicon. In such system-on-chip, all individual components of a target control system can be integrated into a single silicon die at lowest level, which in turn contributes in saving the substantial space and reduces power consumption and production costs. With the consideration of the miniaturization of safety-related systems into system-on-chips, where usually complete redundant architectures along with memories and interfaces are integrated into small silicon structures, many advantages can be taken into account. These advantages extend to all levels of the development cycle. In the present paper, a concept for on-chip safety system architecture is presented briefly. Primarily, a qualitative evaluation and analysis of the presented architecture is explicitly focused and discussed. The evaluation and analysis is based on a comparison to a similar conventional discrete safety-related architecture.

关键词： Reliability Sensors computer architecture Service-oriented architecture Safety Actuators Monitoring

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Validation and verification of an impulse coupling for safe energy generation by rotation

Validation and verification of an impulse coupling for safe ...

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International Symposium on Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering (ISFEE)

作者： A. Ugljesa J. Börcök M. Schwarz Computer Architecture and System Programming Deartment University of Kassel Kassel Germany

Critical security systems for energy supply depends upon energy storage by batteries or the cable supply. “What if this self-sufficient must be supplied?” The main focus of the paper lies on construction and adaptation of an impulse coupling which generates a sufficient voltage to supply to a monitoring system by using rotational energy at lower rotational speed and thus making a system self-sufficient energy supply system. Another main focus lies in the optimization of the failure rate in a system because of mechanical components. In this research project the theoretical approaches are checked by a suitable parameter frame in a real system. A fault tree analysis (FTA) was pulled up for the evaluation of the failure rate, to show potential failures and to validate these, we carried out other simulations by means of the Finite elements method (FEM).

关键词： Springs Couplings Coils Generators Acceleration Shafts Torque

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Safety chips in light of the standard IEC 61508: Survey and analysis

Safety chips in light of the standard IEC 61508: Survey and ...

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International Symposium on Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering (ISFEE)

作者： A. Hayek J. Börcsök Institute for Computer Architecture and System Programming University of Kassel Kassel GERMANY

With the release of the second edition of the standard IEC 61508 for functional safety of electrical, electronic and programmable electronic systems, a set of methodologies and implementation techniques was presented, which allows the realization and certification of safety-related solutions with on-chip redundancy. In a broader context, the standard ISO 26262 offers similar methodologies for safety solutions for automotive applications. The main focus of the research work of our institute is laid on the development and certification of safety-chips according to the standard IEC 61508. Together with an industrial partner, we are developing chip-based safety-related solutions for several industrial applications. In the same context, several semiconductor manufacturers addressed the development of such solutions in the last years, mainly with the focus on automotive applications. The present paper provides an overview of existing and planned safety chip architectures. Furthermore, a cursory analysis of the presented safety-chips is carried out with respect to the standard IEC 61508. A deep qualitative and quantitative analysis require experiments and simulations which will be carried out in future work.

关键词： Safety IEC standards ISO standards Monitoring computer architecture Software

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RAM tests for safety-related architectures: A first approach

RAM tests for safety-related architectures: A first approach

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International Symposium on Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering (ISFEE)

作者： Michael Schreiber Emil Delic Ali Hayek Josef Börcsök Institute for Computer Architecture and System Programming University of Kassel Kassel Germany

Since the advent of traditional random access memory (RAM) tests, such as Checkerboard, more sophisticated tests and fault models have evolved, taking the characteristics of memories into account. Thus, given a specific type of memory, it would be straightforward to determine suitable state-of-the-art tests. However, the question our research focuses on is: “Which RAM tests do not need to be performed due to the safety architecture?” Even high-performance tests do require execution time. In the range of safety-related systems, diagnostics may consume most of the central processing unit (CPU) time, depending on the architecture. Therefore, this paper depicts how architectural characteristics can be taken into account to reasonably simplify specific RAM tests. This paper introduces our research on RAM tests in the range of safety-related systems. Therefore, key topics are introduced, first: comprehensively and starting from scratch, thus enabling anyone to follow our research. Second, an example is shown on how detecting stuck-at faults of address and data words, as demanded by IEC 61508 Ed.2.0, can be simplified by taking advantage of a 1oo2D safety architecture.

关键词： Random access memory Safety IEC standards computer architecture Circuit faults system-on-chip

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