In this paper nl approach of an on-chip safety systemarchitecture conforming to the second edition of the standard IEC 61508 is presented. The presented chip considers on-chip redundancy with the presence of diagnost...
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In this paper nl approach of an on-chip safety systemarchitecture conforming to the second edition of the standard IEC 61508 is presented. The presented chip considers on-chip redundancy with the presence of diagnostic units and is designed to meet the highest possible safety integrity level for on-chip systems. The presented on-chip safety system consists of two redundant processor channels, each of which has a processor unit, data memory, program memory, communication interfaces, inputs and outputs. Furthermore, on-chip diagnosis- and monitoring units and a communication core are integrated. The safety-related implementation of the proposed architecture is introduced in this paper. This includes hardware and software implementation methodologies. Finally, a brief evaluation of the presented architecture is presented.
Nowadays, many considerable efforts are focused on the development of efficient and effective systems that increase the productivity of vehicles by controlling and manipulating the extraordinary states, such as slidin...
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Nowadays, many considerable efforts are focused on the development of efficient and effective systems that increase the productivity of vehicles by controlling and manipulating the extraordinary states, such as sliding and spinning, during the operational time. Those states play a central role in the performance of the vehicles described as an interaction among different mechanical parts regarding their life-time, their wear and tear, as well as the maintenance costs. In addition, these states ultimately affect the safety of target system and its environment. Therefore, the necessity of avoiding, controlling, or manipulating these states to lower their effects into a tolerable level has become the major driver for conducting the current research work. In this paper, a prototype for safety-related platform for detecting and controlling railway vehicles states by means of vibration capture is presented. Additionally, test procedures in order to collect the vibration data related to each state are presented; these tests were performed under the supervision of an industrial partner. Moreover, the recognized initial patterns of the vibration signals related to the studied states are also introduced.
In this paper a complete safety controller on a single chip is presented. HICore 1 is a comprehensive solution that includes a certified application specific integrated circuit for safety-critical applications accordi...
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In this paper a complete safety controller on a single chip is presented. HICore 1 is a comprehensive solution that includes a certified application specific integrated circuit for safety-critical applications according to the safety standard IEC 61508, meeting the safety integrity level SIL3. It also meets the requirements of the standard EN 13849 Performance Level e. A SIL3 operating system and a SIL3 middleware complement the presented safety chip solution. Based on the presented solution, the smallest certified safety controller represents an innovative product and allows system manufacturers to create safe solutions ready for certification.
This paper presents an automated code generation and validation, verification approach to convert model based developments into IEC 61131-3 conform function blocks. IEC 61131-3 programming languages are supported by P...
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In recent years, Pulse Transit Time (PTT) - based non-invasive continuous blood pressure monitoring systems have been investigated extensively. But the most relevant studies did not pay attention to the safety require...
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In recent years, Pulse Transit Time (PTT) - based non-invasive continuous blood pressure monitoring systems have been investigated extensively. But the most relevant studies did not pay attention to the safety requirement of the system. In this paper a method is proposed to model the safety-related system for continuous noninvasive blood pressure monitoring. The V model, 1oo2 system and safe Bluetooth communication are used to enhance the safety of the system.
This paper presents an automated code generation and validation, verification approach to convert model based developments into IEC 61131-3 conform function blocks. IEC 61131-3 programming languages are supported by P...
This paper presents an automated code generation and validation, verification approach to convert model based developments into IEC 61131-3 conform function blocks. IEC 61131-3 programming languages are supported by PLC manufacturers and software environment developers and provide the possibility that novel and intelligent algorithms can be directly operated on industrial accepted systems. Railway and transportation also receive drastic changes from purely hardware based systems to microcontroller + software driven systems. However, the conversion has to follow certain steps to ensure that the adaptation is done correctly and functionality is not alternated, added or deleted. Concepts suggested by different international standards such as the IEC 61508 can help to derive a tool chain to verify the generated code.
The aim is reducing IEC 61508 certification effort for safety-related applications. Therefore, an object-oriented middleware has been implemented which, once being SIL3-certified, would allow transferring safety-relat...
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The aim is reducing IEC 61508 certification effort for safety-related applications. Therefore, an object-oriented middleware has been implemented which, once being SIL3-certified, would allow transferring safety-related aspects from the application into an already-certified code layer. Safety-related applications using this middleware then could be written as straightforward as non-safety-related code. The SIL3 middleware is designed for an 8051-based microcontroller. Because of the 8-bit CPU architecture, several limitations have been encountered. These issues are explained in this paper, and solutions are proposed. The middleware will be used on the multi-more safety chip. SIL3 certified multi-core architecture for safety-related applications is described. Also, the SIL3 middleware architecture is given. The middleware is modular. Therefore, if the user does not want to use some modules they will not be included and code footprint will be smaller. In the SIL3 middleware numerous design patterns can be found. Patterns description and purpose are explained. The pseudo code for the singleton pattern is shown. Moreover, module implementation is depicted. The validation of the middleware is presented and the V-model for the middleware is provided. It conforms to the IEC 61508.
FPGAs introduce a very attractive platform for the designing process of complex embedded systems. The complexity of these systems should be controlled to fulfill high demands and requirements, especially in safety-rel...
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FPGAs introduce a very attractive platform for the designing process of complex embedded systems. The complexity of these systems should be controlled to fulfill high demands and requirements, especially in safety-related applications, where aspects like reliability, availability and safety are of the utmost significance. In this context, the present paper intends the design and implementation of a novel on-chip quadruple redundant safety-related systemarchitecture (1oo4-architecture - one out of four) as a fault tolerant technique to increase the level of safety integrity, reliability and availability of electronic embedded systems. For this aim the 1oo4-architecture and their related safety characteristics are briefly demonstrated. The FPGA-based embedded system model of this novel architecture is developed and explained. The main part of this paper focuses on the safety-related implementation on FPGA. Finally, an evaluation of the implemented architecture concludes this paper.
In this paper, a concept for a SIL3 middleware implementing safety-related aspects is proposed. The middleware is intended to be used by applications that are written for a recently developed safety system-on-chip. Ea...
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In this paper, a concept for a SIL3 middleware implementing safety-related aspects is proposed. The middleware is intended to be used by applications that are written for a recently developed safety system-on-chip. Each module implements a low-level driver. Each driver represents a specific functionality of the system-on-chip. Once being certified conforming to IEC 61508, the middleware would enable writing safety-related applications aimed at SIL3 almost as straightforward as non-safety-related applications. A multi-core SIL3 architecture for safety-related applications is explained. In addition, possible issues that can arise during the software development are identified. Furthermore, conformance arguments on meeting SIL3 are depicted.
In 1996, a new standard was announced that should serve as a software interface to exchange process data and to solve the problem to exchange process data using different industrial protocols and communication systems...
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In 1996, a new standard was announced that should serve as a software interface to exchange process data and to solve the problem to exchange process data using different industrial protocols and communication systems. A successful story started since then with few additional standards like the Alarm and Event standard using the OPC approach and some revisions and new editions. Ten years later a new approach was created that unified all existing standards and was also concerned with e.g. interoperability, security and web-based systems. This paper details the different OPC standards, tries to answer the question why this standard is important for industries and academia and where current research and development utilising those standards.
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