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An Extension Network of Dendritic Neurons

Computational intelligence and neuroscience 2023年第1期2023卷 7037124页

作者： Qianyi Peng Shangce Gao Yirui Wang Junyan Yi Gang Yang Yuki Todo Faculty of Engineering University of Toyama Toyama-shi 930-8555 Japan. Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Ningbo University Ningbo Zhejiang 315211 China. Department of Computer Science & Technology Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture Beijing 100044 China. School of Information Renmin University of China Beijing China. Faculty of Electrical Information and Communication Engineering Kanazawa University Kanazawa Ishikawa 9201192 Japan.

Deep learning (DL) has achieved breakthrough successes in various tasks, owing to its layer-by-layer information processing and sufficient model complexity. However, DL suffers from the issues of both redundant model complexity and low interpretability, which are mainly because of its oversimplified basic McCulloch-Pitts neuron unit. A widely recognized biologically plausible dendritic neuron model (DNM) has demonstrated its effectiveness in alleviating the aforementioned issues, but it can only solve binary classification tasks, which significantly limits its applicability. In this study, a novel extended network based on the dendritic structure is innovatively proposed, thereby enabling it to solve multiple-class classification problems. Also, for the first time, an efficient error-back-propagation learning algorithm is derived. In the extensive experimental results, the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method in comparison with other nine state-of-the-art classifiers on ten datasets are demonstrated, including a real-world quality of web service application. The experimental results suggest that the proposed learning algorithm is competent and reliable in terms of classification performance and stability and has a notable advantage in small-scale disequilibrium data. Additionally, aspects of network structure constrained by scale are examined.

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Social and geographical disparities in Twitter use during Hurricane Harvey

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2019年第11期12卷 1300-1318页

作者： Lei Zou Nina S.N.Lam Shayan Shams Heng Cai Michelle A.Meyer Seungwon Yang Kisung Lee Seung-Jong Park Margaret A.Reams Department of Geography College StationTXUSA Department of Environmental Sciences Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLAUSA Division of Computer Science and Engineering Center for Computation and TechnologyLouisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLAUSA Department of Sociology Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLAUSA Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA School of Library and Information Science Center for Computation and TechnologyLouisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLAUSA

Socialmedia such as Twitter is increasingly beingused as an effective platform to observe human behaviors in disastrous ***,uneven social media use among different groups of population in different regions could lead to biased consequences and affect disaster *** paper studies the Twitter use during 2017 Hurricane Harvey in 76 counties in Texas and *** seek to answer a fundamental question:did socialgeographical disparities of Twitter use exist during the three phases of emergency management(preparedness,response,recovery)?We employed a Twitter data mining framework to process the data and calculate two indexes:Ratio and *** analyses between the Ratio indexes and the social-geographical characteristics of the counties at the three phrases reveal significant social and geographical disparities in Twitter use during Hurricane *** with higher disasterrelated Twitter use in Harvey generally were communities having better social and geographical *** results of Twitter use patterns can be used to compare with future similar studies to see whether the Twitter use disparities have increased or *** research is also needed to examine the effects of Twitter use disparities on disaster resilience and to test whether Twitter use can predict community resilience.

关键词： Social media Twitter Hurricane Harvey emergency management digital divide social and geographical disparities

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Towards advanced interfaces for citizen curation

Towards advanced interfaces for citizen curation

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2020 AVI2CH Workshop on Advanced Visual Interfaces and Interactions in Cultural Heritage, AVI2CH 2020

作者： Bruni, Luis Emilio Diaz, Lily Gangemi, Aldo Daga, Enrico Kuflik, Tsvi Mulholland, Paul Pescarin, Sofia Damiano, Rossana Lieto, Antonio Peroni, Silivio Wecker, Alan Department of Architecture Design and Media Technology Alborg University Denmark Department of Media Media lab Aalto University Aalto Finland DHARC - Department of Classical Philology and Italian Studies University of Bologna ISTC-CNR Rome Italy Knowledge Media Institute Open University Milton Keynes United Kingdom Information Systems University of Haifa Haifa Israel CNR ISPC Rome Italy Computer Science and CIRMA University of Turin Turin Italy DHARC - Department of Classical Philology and Italian Studies University of Bologna Rome Italy

The SPICE project builds on the growing trend for museums, rather than providing an authoritative view, to present multiple voices related to their collection and exhibitions. In SPICE, an approach we term citizen curation is proposed as a way of supporting visitors to share their own interpretations of museum objects and reflect on the variety of interpretations contributed by others. In order to capture a wide range of voices, interfaces will be designed specifically to engage minority groups that tend to be under-represented in cultural activities. To achieve this goal, the interface will need to be intuitive, aesthetic and accessible for different audiences. The paper presents the challenges we face and initial proposals for engaging visitors in citizen curation. © Copyright 2020 for this paper by its authors. Use permitted under Creative Commons License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).

关键词： Museums

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Using the Model of a Functional Rationalizer of Consumer Behavior in Recommendation Systems for Managing the Transport Activity of the Urban Population 23

Using the Model of a Functional Rationalizer of Consumer Beh...

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23rd International Conference on Soft Computing and Measurements, SCM 2020

作者： Seliverstov, Yaroslav A. Seliverstov, Svytoslav A. Podoprigora, Nikolay V. Starichenkov, Alexey L. Naryshkin, Roman S. Solomenko Institute of Transport Problems Russian Academy of Sciences Institute of Computer Science and Technology Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University Laboratory of Intelligent Transport Systems St. Petersburg Russia Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering Department of Ground Transportation Technological Machines St. Petersburg Russia Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University 'LETI' Department of Ship Control Systems St. Petersburg Russia Saint Petersburg State University Department of Programming Technology St. Petersburg Russia

ISBN: (纸本)9781728196923

An overview of existing urban software mobile applications of the transport and economic direction is given. A model of a functional rationalizer of consumer behavior is being built. The software model of the functional rationalizer of consumer behavior (SM FRCB) was developed for the first time. PMFRCB allows the user to expand the number of his preferred needs (occupations, activities) during the daily cycle through intelligent recommendations. Also, SM FRCB allows you to optimize needs (activities, activities) at the cost and rate of their use. The SM FRCB is made in Python_3 using the libraries matplotlib, collections, numpy, pyplot, mplot3d. The analysis of consumer behavior before and after using the functional rationalizer model is carried out. The graphical results of a structural analysis of the costs of old and new consumer behavior, analysis of consumer behavior within the boundaries of the theory of possibilities and the model of transport behavior of a resident before and after applying the functional rationalizer model are presented. The prospects of further improving the SM FRCB are considered. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Smart city

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Machine Learning Approach to Enhance the Performance of MNP?Labeled Lateral Flow Immunoassay

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Nano-Micro Letters 2019年第1期11卷 132-146页

作者： Wenqiang Yan Kan Wang Hao Xu Xuyang Huo Qinghui Jin Daxiang Cui Department of Instrument Science and Engineering School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment InstrumentKey Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education) Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Naval Architecture Ocean and Civil Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Department of Biomedical Engineering JiLin Medical University State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Ningbo University

The use of magnetic nanoparticle(MNP)-labeled immunochromatography test strips(ICTSs) is very important for point-ofcare testing(POCT). However, common diagnostic methods cannot accurately analyze the weak magnetic signal from ICTSs, limiting the applications of POCT. In this study, an ultrasensitive multiplex biosensor was designed to overcome the limitations of capturing and normalization of the weak magnetic signal from MNPs on ICTSs. A machine learning model for sandwich assays was constructed and used to classify weakly positive and negative samples, which significantly enhanced the specificity and sensitivity. The potential clinical application was evaluated by detecting 50 human chorionic gonadotropin(HCG) samples and 59 myocardial infarction serum samples. The quantitative range for HCG was 1–1000 mIU mL^(-1) and the ideal detection limit was 0.014 mIU mL^(-1), which was well below the clinical threshold. Quantitative detection results of multiplex cardiac markers showed good linear correlations with standard values. The proposed multiplex assay can be readily adapted for identifying other biomolecules and also be used in other applications such as environmental monitoring, food analysis, and national security.

关键词： Point-of-care testing Immunochromatography test strips Magnetic nanoparticles Machine learning Support vector machine

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Measurement of the Higgs boson production via vector boson fusion and its decay into bottom quarks in proton-proton collisions at s = 13 TeV

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Journal of High Energy Physics 2024年第1期2024卷 173页

作者： Hayrapetyan, A. Tumasyan, A. Adam, W. Andrejkovic, J.W. Bergauer, T. Chatterjee, S. Damanakis, K. Dragicevic, M. Escalante Del Valle, A. Hussain, P.S. Jeitler, M. Krammer, N. Lechner, L. Liko, D. Mikulec, I. Schieck, J. Schöfbeck, R. Schwarz, D. Sonawane, M. Templ, S. Waltenberger, W. Wulz, C.-E. Darwish, M.R. Janssen, T. Kello, T. Van Mechelen, P. Bols, E.S. D’Hondt, J. Dansana, S. De Moor, A. Delcourt, M. El Faham, H. Lowette, S. Makarenko, I. Morton, A. Müller, D. Sahasransu, A.R. Tavernier, S. Tytgat, M. Van Putte, S. Vannerom, D. Clerbaux, B. De Lentdecker, G. Favart, L. Hohov, D. Jaramillo, J. Khalilzadeh, A. Lee, K. Mahdavikhorrami, M. Malara, A. Paredes, S. Pétré, L. Postiau, N. Thomas, L. Vanden Bemden, M. Vander Velde, C. Vanlaer, P. De Coen, M. Dobur, D. Knolle, J. Lambrecht, L. Mestdach, G. Rendón, C. Samalan, A. Skovpen, K. Van Den Bossche, N. Vermassen, B. Wezenbeek, L. Benecke, A. Bruno, G. Bury, F. Caputo, C. Delaere, C. Donertas, I.S. Giammanco, A. Jaffel, K. Jain, Sa. Lemaitre, V. Lidrych, J. Mastrapasqua, P. Mondal, K. Tran, T.T. Wertz, S. Alves, G.A. Coelho, E. Hensel, C. Moraes, A. Rebello Teles, P. Aldá Júnior, W.L. Alves Gallo Pereira, M. Barroso Ferreira Filho, M. Brandao Malbouisson, H. Carvalho, W. Chinellato, J. Da Costa, E.M. Da Silveira, G.G. De Jesus Damiao, D. Fonseca De Souza, S. Martins, J. Mora Herrera, C. Mota Amarilo, K. Mundim, L. Nogima, H. Santoro, A. Silva Do Amaral, S.M. Sznajder, A. Thiel, M. Vilela Pereira, A. Bernardes, C.A. Calligaris, L. Fernandez Perez Tomei, T.R. Gregores, E.M. Mercadante, P.G. Novaes, S.F. Orzari, B. Padula, Sandra S. Aleksandrov, A. Antchev, G. Hadjiiska, R. Iaydjiev, P. Misheva, M. Shopova, M. Sultanov, G. Dimitrov, A. Ivanov, T. Litov, L. Pavlov, B. Petkov, P. Petrov, A. Shumka, E. Keshri, S. Thakur, S. Cheng, T. Guo, Q. Javaid, T. Mittal, M. Yuan, L. Bauer, G. Hu, Z. Yi, K. Chen, G.M. Chen, H.S. Chen, M. Iemmi, F. Jiang, C.H. Kapoor, A. Liao, H. Liu, Z.-A. Monti, F. Sharma, R. Song, J.N. Tao, J. Wang, J. Zhang, H. Agapitos, A. Ban, Y. Levin, A. Yerevan Physics Institute Yerevan Armenia Institut für Hochenergiephysik Vienna Austria Universiteit Antwerpen Antwerpen Belgium Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussel Belgium Université Libre de Bruxelles Bruxelles Belgium Ghent University Ghent Belgium Université Catholique de Louvain Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas Rio de Janeiro Brazil Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil Universidade Estadual Paulista Universidade Federal do ABC São Paulo Brazil Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Sofia Bulgaria University of Sofia Sofia Bulgaria Instituto De Alta Investigación Universidad de Tarapacá Casilla 7 D Arica Chile Beihang University Beijing China Department of Physics Tsinghua University Beijing China Institute of High Energy Physics Beijing China State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology Peking University Beijing China Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China Institute of Modern Physics and Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE) — Fudan University Shanghai China Zhejiang University Zhejiang Hangzhou China Universidad de Los Andes Bogota Colombia Universidad de Antioquia Medellin Colombia University of Split Faculty of Electrical Engineering Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture Split Croatia University of Split Faculty of Science Split Croatia Institute Rudjer Boskovic Zagreb Croatia University of Cyprus Nicosia Cyprus Charles University Prague Czech Republic Escuela Politecnica Nacional Quito Ecuador Universidad San Francisco de Quito Quito Ecuador Academy of Scientific Research and Technology of the Arab Republic of Egypt Egyptian Network of High Energy Physics Cairo Egypt Center for High Energy Physics (CHEP-FU) Fayoum University El-Fayoum Egypt National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics Tallinn Estonia Department of Physics

A measurement of the Higgs boson (H) production via vector boson fusion (VBF) and its decay into a bottom quark-antiquark pair (bb¯) is presented using proton-proton collision data recorded by the CMS experiment at s = 13 TeV and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 90.8 fb⁻¹. Treating the gluon-gluon fusion process as a background and constraining its rate to the value expected in the standard model (SM) within uncertainties, the signal strength of the VBF process, defined as the ratio of the observed signal rate to that predicted by the SM, is measured to be μ_Hbb¯^qqh=1.01_−0.46^+0.55. The VBF signal is observed with a significance of 2.4 standard deviations relative to the background prediction, while the expected significance is 2.7 standard deviations. Considering inclusive Higgs boson production and decay into bottom quarks, the signal strength is measured to be μ_Hbb¯^incl.=0.99_−0.41^+0.48, corresponding to an observed (expected) significance of 2.6 (2.9) standard deviations. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： B Physics Hadron-Hadron Scattering Higgs Physics

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Higher-order moments of the elliptic flow distribution in PbPb collisions at sNN = 5.02 TeV

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Journal of High Energy Physics 2024年第2期2024卷 1-45页

作者： Tumasyan, A. Adam, W. Andrejkovic, J.W. Bergauer, T. Chatterjee, S. Damanakis, K. Dragicevic, M. Escalante Del Valle, A. Hussain, P.S. Jeitler, M. Krammer, N. Lechner, L. Liko, D. Mikulec, I. Paulitsch, P. Pitters, F.M. Schieck, J. Schöfbeck, R. Schwarz, D. Sonawane, M. Templ, S. Waltenberger, W. Wulz, C.-E. Darwish, M.R. Janssen, T. Kello, T. Rejeb Sfar, H. Van Mechelen, P. Bols, E.S. D’Hondt, J. De Moor, A. Delcourt, M. El Faham, H. Lowette, S. Moortgat, S. Morton, A. Müller, D. Sahasransu, A.R. Tavernier, S. Van Doninck, W. Vannerom, D. Clerbaux, B. De Lentdecker, G. Favart, L. Hohov, D. Jaramillo, J. Lee, K. Mahdavikhorrami, M. Makarenko, I. Malara, A. Paredes, S. Pétré, L. Postiau, N. Thomas, L. Vanden Bemden, M. Vander Velde, C. Vanlaer, P. Dobur, D. Knolle, J. Lambrecht, L. Mestdach, G. Rendón, C. Samalan, A. Skovpen, K. Tytgat, M. Van Den Bossche, N. Vermassen, B. Wezenbeek, L. Benecke, A. Bruno, G. Bury, F. Caputo, C. David, P. Delaere, C. Donertas, I.S. Giammanco, A. Jaffel, K. Jain, Sa. Lemaitre, V. Mondal, K. Taliercio, A. Tran, T.T. Vischia, P. Wertz, S. Alves, G.A. Coelho, E. Hensel, C. Moraes, A. Rebello Teles, P. Aldá Júnior, W.L. Alves Gallo Pereira, M. Barroso Ferreira Filho, M. Brandao Malbouisson, H. Carvalho, W. Chinellato, J. Da Costa, E.M. Da Silveira, G.G. De Jesus Damiao, D. Dos Santos Sousa, V. Fonseca De Souza, S. Martins, J. Mora Herrera, C. Mota Amarilo, K. Mundim, L. Nogima, H. Santoro, A. Silva Do Amaral, S.M. Sznajder, A. Thiel, M. Vilela Pereira, A. Bernardes, C.A. Calligaris, L. Fernandez Perez Tomei, T.R. Gregores, E.M. Mercadante, P.G. Novaes, S.F. Padula, Sandra S. Aleksandrov, A. Antchev, G. Hadjiiska, R. Iaydjiev, P. Misheva, M. Rodozov, M. Shopova, M. Sultanov, G. Dimitrov, A. Ivanov, T. Litov, L. Pavlov, B. Petkov, P. Petrov, A. Shumka, E. Thakur, S. Cheng, T. Javaid, T. Mittal, M. Yuan, L. Ahmad, M. Bauer, G. Hu, Z. Lezki, S. Yi, K. Chen, G.M. Chen, H.S. Chen, M. Iemmi, F. Jiang, C.H. Kapoor, A. Liao, H. Liu, Z.-A. Milosevic, V. Monti, F. Sharma, R. Tao, J. Thomas-Wilsker Yerevan Physics Institute Yerevan Armenia Institut für Hochenergiephysik Vienna Austria Universiteit Antwerpen Antwerpen Belgium Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussel Belgium Université Libre de Bruxelles Bruxelles Belgium Ghent University Ghent Belgium Université Catholique de Louvain Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas Rio de Janeiro Brazil Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil Universidade Estadual Paulista Universidade Federal do ABC São Paulo Brazil Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Sofia Bulgaria University of Sofia Sofia Bulgaria Instituto De Alta Investigación Universidad de Tarapacá Casilla 7 D Arica Chile Beihang University Beijing China Department of Physics Tsinghua University Beijing China Institute of High Energy Physics Beijing China State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology Peking University Beijing China Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China Institute of Modern Physics and Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE) — Fudan University Shanghai China Zhejiang University Zhejiang Hangzhou China Universidad de Los Andes Bogota Colombia Universidad de Antioquia Medellin Colombia University of Split Faculty of Electrical Engineering Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture Split Croatia University of Split Faculty of Science Split Croatia Institute Rudjer Boskovic Zagreb Croatia University of Cyprus Nicosia Cyprus Charles University Prague Czech Republic Escuela Politecnica Nacional Quito Ecuador Universidad San Francisco de Quito Quito Ecuador Academy of Scientific Research and Technology of the Arab Republic of Egypt Egyptian Network of High Energy Physics Cairo Egypt Center for High Energy Physics (CHEP-FU) Fayoum University El-Fayoum Egypt National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics Tallinn Estonia Department of Physics

The hydrodynamic flow-like behavior of charged hadrons in high-energy lead-lead collisions is studied through multiparticle correlations. The elliptic anisotropy values based on different orders of multiparticle cumulants, v₂{2k}, are measured up to the tenth order (k = 5) as functions of the collision centrality at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of s_NN = 5.02 TeV. The data were recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 0.607 nb⁻¹. A hierarchy is observed between the coefficients, with v₂{2} > v₂{4} ≳ v₂{6} ≳ v₂{8} ≳ v₂{10}. Based on these results, centrality-dependent moments for the fluctuation-driven event-by-event v₂ distribution are determined, including the skewness, kurtosis and, for the first time, superskewness. Assuming a hydrodynamic expansion of the produced medium, these moments directly probe the initial-state geometry in high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Event-by-Event fluctuation Harmonic Flow Heavy Ion Experiments Relativistic Heavy Ion Physics

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Deep Reinforcement Learning Based Intelligent Reflecting Surface for Secure Wireless Communications

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Yang, Helin Xiong, Zehui Zhao, Jun Niyato, Dusit Xiao, Liang Wu, Qingqing School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore639798 Singapore Department of Information and Communication Engineering Key Laboratory of Digital Fujian on IoT Communication Architecture and Security Technology Xiamen University Xiamen361005 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore119260 Singapore

In this paper, we study an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-aided wireless secure communication system for physical layer security, where an IRS is deployed to adjust its reflecting elements to secure the communication of multiple legitimate users in the presence of multiple eavesdroppers. Aiming to improve the system secrecy rate, a design problem for jointly optimizing the base station (BS)’s beamforming and the IRS’s reflecting beamforming is formulated considering different quality of service (QoS) requirements and time-varying channel conditions. As the system is highly dynamic and complex, and it is challenging to address the non-convex optimization problem, a novel deep reinforcement learning (DRL)-based secure beamforming approach is firstly proposed to achieve the optimal beamforming policy against eavesdroppers in dynamic environments. Furthermore, post-decision state (PDS) and prioritized experience replay (PER) schemes are utilized to enhance the learning efficiency and secrecy performance. Specifically, PDS is capable of tracing the environment dynamic characteristics and adjust the beamforming policy accordingly. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed deep PDS-PER learning based secure beamforming approach can significantly improve the system secrecy rate and QoS satisfaction probability in IRS-aided secure communication systems. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Deep learning

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Big mobility data reveals hyperlocal air pollution exposure disparities in the Bronx, New York

Nature Cities

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Nature Cities 2024年第8期1卷 512-521页

作者： Iacopo Testi An Wang Sanjana Paul Simone Mora Fábio Duarte Paolo Santi Carlo Ratti Erica Walker Marguerite Nyhan Senseable City Lab Department of Urban Studies and Planning Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong SAR China Department of Computer Science Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway Istituto di Informatica e Telematica Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Pisa Italy ABC Department Politecnico di Milano Milan Italy School of Public Health Brown University Providence RI USA School of Engineering and Architecture University College Cork Cork Ireland

Air pollution disproportionately affects socially disadvantaged populations. Our study bridges the existing gap in quantifying mobility-based exposure and its associated disparity issues. We combined the granular mobility of over 500,000 unique anonymized users daily and hyperlocal air pollution data in 100 × 100-m grid cells to quantify disparities in particulate matter exposure in a racially diverse and dense urban area of New York City. Our approach advances the study of exposure and its disparity from individualized exposure tracking to a population-representative scale. We observed apparently different spatial patterns between personal exposure and exposure disparities, noting that people from Hispanic-majority and low-income neighborhoods were those most severely and disproportionately exposed to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution. We reveal that race and ethnicity are much stronger indicators of exposure disparity than income. Our study further demonstrates that within-group variation contributes a major portion to exposure disparities, suggesting more granular mitigation plans are needed to target high-exposure individuals from socially disadvantaged groups in addition to generic air quality improvement.

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Relationship among state reopening policies, health outcomes and economic recovery through first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in the U.S

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Ligo, Alexandre K. Mahoney, Emerson Cegan, Jeffrey Trump, Benjamin D. Jin, Andrew S. Kitsak, Maksim Keenan, Jesse Linkov, Igor US Army Corps of Engineers Engineer Research and Development Center ConcordMA United States University of Virginia Department of Engineering Systems and Environment CharlottesvilleVA United States Delft University of Technology Faculty of Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer Science Delft Netherlands Carnegie Mellon University Department of Engineering and Public Policy PittsburghPA United States Tulane University School of Architecture New OrleansLA United States

State governments in the U.S. have been facing difficult decisions involving tradeoffs between economic and health-related outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite evidence of the effectiveness of government-mandated restrictions mitigating the spread of contagion, these orders are stigmatized due to undesirable economic consequences. This tradeoff resulted in state governments employing mandates at widely different ways. We compare the different policies states implemented during periods of restriction ("lockdown") and reopening with indicators of COVID-19 spread and consumer card spending at each state during the first "wave" of the pandemic in the U.S. between March and August 2020. We find that while some states enacted reopening decisions when the incidence rate of COVID-19 was minimal or sustained in its relative decline, other states relaxed socioeconomic restrictions near their highest incidence and prevalence rates experienced so far. Nevertheless, all states experienced similar trends in consumer card spending recovery, which was strongly correlated with reopening policies following the lockdowns and relatively independent from COVID-19 incidence rates at the time. Our findings suggest that consumer card spending patterns can be attributed to government mandates rather than COVID-19 incidence in the states. We estimate the recovery in states that reopened in late April was more than the recovery in states that did not reopen in the same period – 15% for consumer card spending and 18% for spending by high income households. This result highlights the important role of state policies in minimizing health impacts while promoting economic recovery and helps planning effective interventions in subsequent waves and immunization efforts. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： SARS

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