Breast cancer, marked by uncontrolled cell growth in breast tissue, is the most common cancer among women and a second-leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Among its types, ductal and lobular carcinomas are the mos...
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Breast cancer, marked by uncontrolled cell growth in breast tissue, is the most common cancer among women and a second-leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Among its types, ductal and lobular carcinomas are the most prevalent, with invasive ductal carcinoma accounting for about 70–80% of cases and invasive lobular carcinoma for about 10–15%. Accurate identification is crucial for effective treatment but can be time-consuming and prone to interobserver variability. AI can rapidly analyze pathological images, providing precise, cost-effective identification, thus reducing the pathologists’ workload. This study utilizes a deep learning framework for advanced, automatic breast cancer detection and subtype identification. The framework comprises three key components: detecting cancerous patches, identifying cancer subtypes (ductal and lobular carcinoma), and predicting patient-level outcomes from whole slide images (WSI). The validation process includes visualization using Score-CAM to highlight cancer-affected areas prominently. Datasets include 111 WSIs (85 malignant from the Warwick HER2 dataset and 26 benign from pathologists). For subtype detection, there are 57 ductal and 8 lobular carcinoma cases. A total of 28,428 annotated patches were reviewed by two expert pathologists. Four pre-trained models—DenseNet-201, MobileNetV2, an ensemble of these two, and a Vision Transformer-based model—were fine-tuned and tested on the patches. Patient-level results were predicted using a majority voting technique based on the percentage of each patch type in the WSI. The Vision Transformer-based model outperformed other models in patch classification, achieving an accuracy of 96.74% for cancerous patch detection and 89.78% for cancer subtype classification. For WSI-based cancer classification, the majority voting method attained an F1-score of 99.06 and 96.13% for WSI-based cancer subtype classification. The proposed deep learning-based framework for advanced breast cancer det
The deployment of fifth-generation (5G) networks across various industry verticals is poised to transform communication and data exchange, promising unparalleled speed and capacity. However, the security concerns rela...
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Now-a-days, the generation of videos has increased dramatically due to the quick growth of multimedia and the internet. The need for effective ways to store, manage, and index the massive numbers of videos has become ...
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On the whole, the present microgrid constitutes numerous actors in highly decentralized environments and liberalized electricity markets. The networked microgrid system must be capable of detecting electricity price c...
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OpenAI and ChatGPT, as state-of-the-art languagemodels driven by cutting-edge artificial intelligence technology,have gained widespread adoption across diverse industries. In the realm of computer vision, these models...
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OpenAI and ChatGPT, as state-of-the-art languagemodels driven by cutting-edge artificial intelligence technology,have gained widespread adoption across diverse industries. In the realm of computer vision, these models havebeen employed for intricate tasks including object recognition, image generation, and image processing, leveragingtheir advanced capabilities to fuel transformative breakthroughs. Within the gaming industry, they have foundutility in crafting virtual characters and generating plots and dialogues, thereby enabling immersive and interactiveplayer experiences. Furthermore, these models have been harnessed in the realm of medical diagnosis, providinginvaluable insights and support to healthcare professionals in the realmof disease detection. The principal objectiveof this paper is to offer a comprehensive overview of OpenAI, OpenAI Gym, ChatGPT, DALL E, stable diffusion,the pre-trained clip model, and other pertinent models in various domains, encompassing CLIP Text-to-Image,education, medical imaging, computer vision, social influence, natural language processing, software development,coding assistance, and Chatbot, among others. Particular emphasis will be placed on comparative analysis andexamination of popular text-to-image and text-to-video models under diverse stimuli, shedding light on thecurrent research landscape, emerging trends, and existing challenges within the domains of OpenAI and *** a rigorous literature review, this paper aims to deliver a professional and insightful overview of theadvancements, potentials, and limitations of these pioneering language models.
Over the past years,many efforts have been accomplished to achieve fast and accurate meta-heuristic algorithms to optimize a variety of real-world *** study presents a new optimization method based on an unusual geolo...
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Over the past years,many efforts have been accomplished to achieve fast and accurate meta-heuristic algorithms to optimize a variety of real-world *** study presents a new optimization method based on an unusual geological phenomenon in nature,named Geyser inspired Algorithm(GEA).The mathematical modeling of this geological phenomenon is carried out to have a better understanding of the optimization *** efficiency and accuracy of GEA are verified using statistical examination and convergence rate comparison on numerous CEC 2005,CEC 2014,CEC 2017,and real-parameter benchmark ***,GEA has been applied to several real-parameter engineering optimization problems to evaluate its *** addition,to demonstrate the applicability and robustness of GEA,a comprehensive investigation is performed for a fair comparison with other standard optimization *** results demonstrate that GEA is noticeably prosperous in reaching the optimal solutions with a high convergence rate in comparison with other well-known nature-inspired algorithms,including ABC,BBO,PSO,and *** that the source code of the GEA is publicly available at https://***/projects/gea.
作者：
Ramzan, AneeqaMustafa, RafayKamran, YashfaNUTECH
Department of Electrical Engineering Islamabad Pakistan GIKI
Faculty of Computer Science and Engg. Swabi Topi Pakistan IIUI
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Pakistan
Providing adequate clinical and technical aid to blinds and visually impaired persons can be very challenging as it put financial strain on families due to the medical examination, treatment, surgical procedures and a...
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Small object detection in radiological images has been a key challenge in the field of medical diagnosis for the last decade. Radiological modalities such as computed tomography scan imaging are often used to evaluate...
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The U-Net architecture is the focus of this study, which optimizes biomedical picture segmentation. Improving performance in contexts with limited resources is the goal. The methodology uses GradCAM++, k-fold cross-va...
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Dear Editor,This letter presents a new transfer learning framework for the deep multi-agent reinforcement learning(DMARL) to reduce the convergence difficulty and training time when applying DMARL to a new scenario [1...
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Dear Editor,This letter presents a new transfer learning framework for the deep multi-agent reinforcement learning(DMARL) to reduce the convergence difficulty and training time when applying DMARL to a new scenario [1], [2].
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