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arXiv 2023年

作者： Zeng, Yong Chen, Junting Xu, Jie Wu, Di Xu, Xiaoli Jin, Shi Gao, Xiqi Gesbert, David Cui, Shuguang Zhang, Rui The National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Southeast University Nanjing210096 China Frontiers Science Center for Mobile Information Communication and Security Southeast University Bangladesh Purple Mountain Laboratories Nanjing211111 China The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Shenzhen518172 China Peng Cheng Laboratory Shenzhen518066 China The Communication Systems Department EURECOM France School of Science and Engineering Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Shenzhen518172 China The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore117583 Singapore

Sixth-generation (6G) mobile communication networks are expected to have dense infrastructures, large antenna size, wide bandwidth, cost-effective hardware, diversified positioning methods, and enhanced intelligence. Such trends bring both new challenges and opportunities for the practical design of 6G. On one hand, acquiring channel state information (CSI) in real time for all wireless links becomes quite challenging in 6G. On the other hand, there would be numerous data sources in 6G containing high-quality location-tagged channel data, e.g., the estimated channels or beams between base station (BS) and user equipment (UE), making it possible to better learn the local wireless environment. By exploiting this new opportunity and for tackling the CSI acquisition challenge, there is a promising paradigm shift from the conventional environment-unaware communications to the new environment-aware communications based on the novel approach of channel knowledge map (CKM). This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview on environment-aware communications enabled by CKM to fully harness its benefits for 6G. First, the basic concept of CKM is presented, followed by the comparison of CKM with various existing channel inference techniques. Next, the main techniques for CKM construction are discussed, including both environment model-free and environment model-assisted approaches. Furthermore, a general framework is presented for the utilization of CKM to achieve environment-aware communications, followed by some typical CKM-aided communication scenarios. Finally, important open problems in CKM research are highlighted and potential solutions are discussed to inspire future work. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Channel state information

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Optimal (0,1)-Matrix Completion with Majorization Ordered Objectives (To the memory of Pravin Varaiya)

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Mo, Yanfang Chen, Wei You, Keyou Qiu, Li School of Data Science City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems Peking University Beijing100871 China Department of Automation Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong

We propose and examine two optimal (0,1)-matrix completion problems with majorization ordered objectives. They elevate the seminal study by Gale and Ryser from feasibility to optimality in partial order programming (POP), referring to optimization with partially ordered objectives. We showcase their applications in electric vehicle charging, portfolio optimization, and secure data storage. Solving such integer POP (iPOP) problems is challenging because of the possible non-comparability among objective values and the integer requirements. Nevertheless, we prove the essential uniqueness of all optimal objective values and identify two particular ones for each of the two inherently symmetric iPOP problems. Furthermore, for every optimal objective value, we decompose the construction of an associated optimal (0,1)-matrix into a series of sorting processes, respectively agreeing with the rule of thumb "peak shaving" or "valley filling." We show that the resulting algorithms have linear time complexities and verify their empirical efficiency via numerical simulations compared to the standard order-preserving method for POP. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Digital storage

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PRAD: Unsupervised KPI Anomaly Detection by Joint Prediction and Reconstruction of Multivariate Time Series

PRAD: Unsupervised KPI Anomaly Detection by Joint Prediction...

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Symposia and Workshops on Ubiquitous, Autonomic and Trusted Computing, UIC-ATC

作者： Zhiying Xiong Qilin Fan Kai Wang Xiuhua Li Xu Zhang Qingyu Xiong School of Big Data and Software Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing China Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digital Cinema Art Theory and Technology Chongqing University Chongqing China School of Computer Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology Weihai China Research Institute of Cyberspace Security Harbin Institute of Technology Weihai China Haihe Laboratory of Information Technology Application Innovation Tianjin China Department of Computer Science University of Exeter Exeter UK

Detecting anomalies for key performance indicator (KPI) data is of paramount importance to ensure the quality and reliability of network services. However, building the anomaly detection system for KPI is challenging due to the scarcity of abnormal labels and highly dynamic or even unseen patterns. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised KPI anomaly detection framework named PRAD by jointly optimizing prediction-based and reconstruction-based modules. Specifically, PRAD employs two parallel graph attention networks (GATs) to learn metric-oriented and time-oriented relationships. A temporal convolutional attention network (TCAN) is used to capture complex long-term dependencies. Furthermore, to tackle the overfitting issue in the variational auto-encoder (VAE), PRAD designs a reconstruction-based module that combines VAE with a generative adversarial network (GAN). The experimental results on the two public datasets demonstrate that the proposed PRAD outperforms existing anomaly detection methods.

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Enhancing Knee Contact Force Prediction Using Transformer Networks: A Comparative Study with Lstm and Mlp

SSRN

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Xu, Fashu Wang, Junqing Tong, Bingkui Fang, Xuyi Zhang, Hui Deng, Tao Wei, Qu Nie, Yong Li, Kang Department of Orthopedic Surgery West China Biomedical Big Data Center West China Hospital Sichuan University Sichuan Chengdu China Department of Orthopedic Surgery Orthopedic Research Institute West China Hospital Sichuan University Sichuan Chengdu China State Key Laboratory of Robotics Shenyang Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Liaoning Shenyang China College of Computer Science Sichuan University Sichuan Chengdu China College of Electrical Engineering Sichuan University Sichuan Chengdu China School of Mechanical Engineering Sichuan University Sichuan Chengdu China

Background and objectiveKnee contact force (KCF) is pivotal in both the study and degenerative pathologies like Knee Osteoarthritis. Traditionally, they are primarily estimated using musculoskeletal modeling and machine learning predictive algorithms. However, musculoskeletal modeling is limited by intricate experimental protocols, prohibitive equipment cost, and scalability challenges. While machine learning methods, though computationally efficient, exhibit suboptimal predictive accuracy. This study innovatively developed a Transformer model for predicting KCF, benchmarked against long short-term memory (LSTM) and multilayer perceptron (MLP) *** comprehensive database was constructed with gait data from 513 participants, incorporating three degrees of freedom of hip, knee flexion/extension, and ankle dorsiflexion/plantarflexion, constituting four input combinations for the models. Contact forces derived from OpenSim served as the ground truth. Root mean square error (RMSE) and coefficient of determination (R2) were used to evaluate the performance of *** results indicated that the Transformer model demonstrated superior performance, achieving a significantly lower mean root mean square error of 0.02 body weight (BW) compared to MLP (0.54 BW) and LSTM (0.45 BW). Furthermore, the mean R2 of the Transformer network (0.99) was markedly superior to that of MLP (0.45) and LSTM (0.58).ConclusionsThe application of Transformer networks significantly improved the accuracy of KCF prediction, addressing the limitations of traditional musculoskeletal modeling and existing machine learning approaches, which was of paramount importance in both clinical practice and biomechanical research. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Mean square error

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A Consensus Privacy Metrics Framework for Synthetic data

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Pilgram, Lisa Dankar, Fida K. Drechsler, Jörg Elliot, Mark Domingo-Ferrer, Josep Francis, Paul Kantarcioglu, Murat Kong, Linglong Malin, Bradley Muralidhar, Krishnamurty Myles, Puja Prasser, Fabian Raisaro, Jean Louis Yan, Chao El Emam, Khaled School of Epidemiology and Public Health University of Ottawa ON Canada CHEO Research Institute ON Canada Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany Department for Statistical Methods Institute for Employment Research Nuernberg Germany Institute for Statistics Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich Germany Joint Program in Survey Methodology University of Maryland United States The Cathie Marsh Institute Research School of Social Sciences University of Manchester Manchester United Kingdom Department of Computer Engineering and Mathematics Universitat Rovira i Virgili Catalonia Tarragona Spain Max Planck Institute for Software Systems Germany Department of Computer Science Virginia Tech United States Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences University of Alberta Alberta Canada Department of Biomedical Informatics Vanderbilt University Medical Center NashvilleTN United States Department of Biostatistics Vanderbilt University Medical Center NashvilleTN United States Department of Computer Science Vanderbilt University NashvilleTN United States Department of Marketing and Supply Chain Management University of Oklahoma Oklahoma United States Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency London United Kingdom Berlin Institute of Health at Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin Medical Informatics Group Berlin Germany Biomedical Data Science Center University Hospital Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland

Synthetic data generation is one approach for sharing individual-level data. However, to meet legislative requirements, it is necessary to demonstrate that the individuals’ privacy is adequately protected. There is no consolidated standard for measuring privacy in synthetic data. Through an expert panel and consensus process, we developed a framework for evaluating privacy in synthetic data. Our findings indicate that current similarity metrics fail to measure identity disclosure, and their use is discouraged. For differentially private synthetic data, a privacy budget other than close to zero was not considered interpretable. There was consensus on the importance of membership and attribute disclosure, both of which involve inferring personal information about an individual without necessarily revealing their identity. The resultant framework provides precise recommendations for metrics that address these types of disclosures effectively. Our findings further present specific opportunities for future research that can help with widespread adoption of synthetic data. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Differential privacy

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A Thematic Framework for Analyzing Large-scale Self-reported Social Media data on Opioid Use Disorder Treatment Using Buprenorphine Product

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Basak, Madhusudan Sharif, Omar Lord, Sarah E. Borodovsky, Jacob T. Marsch, Lisa A. Springer, Sandra A. Nunes, Edward Brackett, Charlie D. ArchiBald, Luke J. Preum, Sarah M. Department of Computer Science Dartmouth College United States Center for Technology and Behavioral Health Geisel School of Medicine Dartmouth College United States Department of Biomedical Data Science Geisel School of Medicine Dartmouth College United States Department of Psychiatry Geisel School of Medicine Dartmouth College United States Department of Medicine Geisel School of Medicine Dartmouth College United States Department of Psychiatry Dartmouth Health United States Department of Internal Medicine Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center United States Department of CSE Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology Bangladesh Department of Internal Medicine Yale School of Medicine United States Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS Yale University School of Public Health United States Department of Psychiatry Division on Substance Use Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York State Psychiatric Institute United States

Background: One of the key FDA-approved medications for Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) is buprenorphine. Despite its popularity, individuals often report various information needs regarding buprenorphine treatment on social media platforms like Reddit. However, the key challenge is to characterize these needs. In this study, we propose a theme-based framework to curate and analyze large-scale data from social media to characterize self-reported treatment information needs (TINs). Methods: We collected 15,253 posts from r/Suboxone, one of the largest Reddit sub-community for buprenorphine products. Following the standard protocol, we first identified and defined five main themes from the data and then coded 6,000 posts based on these themes, where one post can be labeled with applicable one to three themes. Finally, we determined the most frequently appearing sub-themes (topics) for each theme by analyzing samples from each group. Results: Among the 6,000 posts, 40.3% contained a single theme, 36% two themes, and 13.9% three themes. The most frequent topics for each theme or theme combination came with several key findings - prevalent reporting of psychological and physical effects during recovery, complexities in accessing buprenorphine, and significant information gaps regarding medication administration, tapering, and usage of substances during different stages of recovery. Moreover, self-treatment strategies and peer-driven advice reveal valuable insights and potential misconceptions. Conclusions: The findings obtained using our proposed framework can inform better patient education and patient-provider communication, design systematic interventions to address treatment-related misconceptions and rumors, and streamline the generation of hypotheses for future research. © 2024, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Medical education

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Learner Action Patterns in the Problem-Solving Process Related to Program Code Composition Based on Tracking System Activities

Learner Action Patterns in the Problem-Solving Process Relat...

引用

International Conference on Informatics and Computing (ICIC)

作者： Aulia Akhrian Syahidi Ahmad Afif Supianto Tsukasa Hirashima Yutaka Watanobe Smart City Information System Applied Undergraduate Program Politeknik Negeri Banjarmasin Banjarmasin City Indonesia Research Center for Data and Information Sciences National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) Bandung City Indonesia Learning Engineering Laboratory Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University Kagamiyama Higashihiroshima Japan Department of Computer Science and Engineering Division of Information Systems University of Aizu Aizu-Wakamatsu City Fukushima Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350345728

Learning activities are an indicator of the learner's desire to learn during the learning process. The pattern of learner action is related to learning activities. In this case, in extracting the learning process, it is necessary to collect a lot of data through analysis of the learning process. The purpose of this study is to recommend and report the performance of an activity tracking system equipped with visual artifacts as an educational data mining approach to analyze action patterns when learners complete the arrangement of program code lines in each programming problem. In this study, data were taken from activity recordings when learners used interactive learning media for a basic programming subject called TOLSYASUPI-EduMed which had problem-solving learning models embedded in their interactions. Learning Analytics is used as a method of this research and data relationships from learner actions during the learning process using the “if-then” rule. Log data is used for recording and detecting activities carried out by learners. We confirm that the results of the study are based on the findings of the data relationship that if the lines of program code are too long (more than five lines) then almost all learners experience a bottleneck condition. The completion time of each question and the number of iterations in completing the program code lines for each question have also been recorded and have a pattern of connection between the data. The information that has been obtained is then forwarded to teachers or stakeholders as key information to make appropriate feedback to learners based on the results as a means of analyzing and evaluating the programming learning process.

关键词： Visualization Codes Media data models Recording data mining Problem-solving

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Performance Evaluation of Lightweight Open-source Large Language Models in Pediatric Consultations: A Comparative Analysis

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Wei, Qiuhong Cui, Ying Ding, Mengwei Wang, Yanqin Xiang, Lingling Yao, Zhengxiong Chen, Ceran Long, Ying Jin, Zhezhen Xu, Ximing Big Data Center for Children’s Medical Care Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders Chongqing China Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical Disorders China Department of Biomedical Data Science Stanford University School of Medicine StanfordCA United States Department of Nephrology Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing China Department of Neonatology Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing China Department of Neurology Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing China College of Computer Science and Engineering Chongqing University of Technology Chongqing China Department of Biostatistics Mailman School of Public Health Columbia University New YorkNY United States

Background Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated potential applications in medicine, yet data privacy and computational burden limit their deployment in healthcare institutions. Open-source and lightweight versions of LLMs emerge as potential solutions, but their performance, particularly in pediatric settings remains underexplored. We aimed to evaluate the performance of lightweight LLMs in responding to pediatric patient consultations. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 250 patient consultation questions were randomly selected from a public online medical forum, with 10 questions from each of 25 pediatric departments, spanning from December 1, 2022, to October 30, 2023. Two lightweight open-source LLMs, ChatGLM3-6B and Vicuna-7B, along with a larger-scale model, Vicuna-13B, and the widely-used proprietary ChatGPT-3.5, independently answered these questions in Chinese between November 1, 2023, and November 7, 2023. To assess reproducibility, each inquiry was replicated once. Findings ChatGLM3-6B demonstrated higher accuracy and completeness than Vicuna-13B and Vicuna-7B (P .05), with over 98.4% of responses being rated as safe. Repetition of inquiries confirmed these findings. Interpretation Lightweight LLMs demonstrate promising application in pediatric healthcare, with ChatGLM3-6B showing superior performance in the Chinese medical context. However, the observed gap between lightweight and large-scale proprietary LLMs underscores the need for continued development efforts. Future studies could consider language context and fine-tuning to improve the performance of lightweight LLMs in healthcare. Funding This study was not funded by any grant or external funding *** Codes 68M20 (Primary) 62G10 (Secondary) © 2024, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Pediatrics

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A Mixing Time Lower Bound for a Simplified Version of BART

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Ronen, Omer Saarinen, Theo Tan, Yan Shuo Duncan, James Yu, Bin Department of Statistics UC Berkeley United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences UC Berkeley United States Center for Computational Biology UC Berkeley United States Department of Statistics and Data Science National University of Singapore Singapore Microsoft Research United States Group in Biostatistics UC Berkeley United States

Bayesian Additive Regression Trees (BART) is a popular Bayesian non-parametric regression algorithm. The posterior is a distribution over sums of decision trees, and predictions are made by averaging approximate samples from the posterior. The combination of strong predictive performance and the ability to provide uncertainty measures has led BART to be commonly used in the social sciences, biostatistics, and causal inference. BART uses Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) to obtain approximate posterior samples over a parameterized space of sums of trees, but it has often been observed that the chains are slow to mix. In this paper, we provide the first lower bound on the mixing time for a simplified version of BART in which we reduce the sum to a single tree and use a subset of the possible moves for the MCMC proposal distribution. Our lower bound for the mixing time grows exponentially with the number of data points. Inspired by this new connection between the mixing time and the number of data points, we perform rigorous simulations on BART. We show qualitatively that BART’s mixing time increases with the number of data points. The slow mixing time of the simplified BART suggests a large variation between different runs of the simplified BART algorithm and a similar large variation is known for BART in the literature. This large variation could result in a lack of stability in the models, predictions and posterior intervals obtained from the BART MCMC samples. Our lower bound and simulations suggest increasing the number of chains with the number of data points. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Decision trees

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BRIDGE: Benchmarking Large Language Models for Understanding Real-world Clinical Practice Text

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Wu, Jiageng Gu, Bowen Zhou, Ren Xie, Kevin Snyder, Doug Jiang, Yixing Carducci, Valentina Wyss, Richard Desai, Rishi J. Alsentzer, Emily Celi, Leo Anthony Rodman, Adam Schneeweiss, Sebastian Chen, Jonathan H. Romero-Brufau, Santiago Lin, Kueiyu Joshua Yang, Jie Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics Department of Medicine Brigham and Women’s Hospital Harvard Medical School BostonMA United States Siebel School of Computing and Data Science The Grainger College of Engineering University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States Department of Otorhinolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery Mayo Clinic RochesterMN United States Department of Biostatistics Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Harvard University BostonMA United States Department of Biomedical Data Science Stanford University Palo AltoCA United States Laboratory for Computational Physiology Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center BostonMA United States Division of General Internal Medicine Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center BostonMA United States Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research Stanford University StanfordCA United States Division of Hospital Medicine Stanford University StanfordCA United States Stanford Clinical Excellence Research Center Stanford University StanfordCA United States Kempner Institute for the Study of Natural and Artificial Intelligence Harvard University MA United States Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard CambridgeMA United States Harvard Data Science Initiative Harvard University CambridgeMA United States

Large language models (LLMs) hold great promise for medical applications and are evolving rapidly, with new models being released at an accelerated pace. However, current evaluations of LLMs in clinical contexts remain limited. Most existing benchmarks rely on medical exam-style questions or PubMed-derived text, failing to capture the complexity of real-world electronic health record (EHR) data. Others focus narrowly on specific application scenarios, limiting their generalizability across broader clinical use. To address this gap, we present BRIDGE, a comprehensive multilingual benchmark comprising 87 tasks sourced from real-world clinical data sources across nine languages. We systematically evaluated 52 state-of-the-art LLMs (including DeepSeek-R1, GPT-4o, Gemini, and Llama 4) under various inference strategies. With a total of 13,572 experiments, our results reveal substantial performance variation across model sizes, languages, natural language processing tasks, and clinical specialties. Notably, we demonstrate that open-source LLMs can achieve performance comparable to proprietary models, while medically fine-tuned LLMs based on older architectures often underperform versus updated general-purpose models. The BRIDGE and its corresponding leaderboard serve as a foundational resource and a unique reference for the development and evaluation of new LLMs in real-world clinical text understanding. © 2025, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Electronic health record

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