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arXiv 2024年

作者： Zhang, Quanjun Fang, Chunrong Xie, Yang Ma, Yuxiang Sun, Weisong Yang, Yun Chen, Zhenyu State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Nanjing University China School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore Department of Computing Technologies Swinburne University of Technology Australia

Automated Program Repair (APR) attempts to patch software bugs and reduce manual debugging efforts. Very recently, with the advances in Large Language Models (LLMs), a rapidly increasing number of APR techniques have been proposed, significantly facilitating software development and maintenance and demonstrating remarkable performance. However, due to ongoing explorations in the LLM-based APR field, it is challenging for researchers to understand the current achievements, challenges, and potential opportunities. This work provides the first systematic literature review to summarize the applications of LLMs in APR between 2020 and 2024. We analyze 127 relevant papers from LLMs, APR and their integration perspectives. First, we categorize existing popular LLMs that are applied to support APR and outline three types of utilization strategies for their deployment. Besides, we detail some specific repair scenarios that benefit from LLMs, e.g., semantic bugs and security vulnerabilities. Furthermore, we discuss several critical aspects of integrating LLMs into APR research, e.g., input forms and open science. Finally, we highlight a set of challenges remaining to be investigated and the potential guidelines for future research. Overall, our paper provides a systematic overview of the research landscape to the APR community, helping researchers gain a comprehensive understanding of achievements and promote future research. Our artifacts are publicly available at the GitHub repository: https://***/iSEngLab/AwesomeLLM4APR. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Repair

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Applying system Thinking to Learn from Accident of Modern Automatic Control systems

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2025年第2期23卷 409-414页

作者： Ru Niu Yuan Cao Xiaocheng Ge Tao Tang State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing China School of Electronics and Information Engineering National Engineering Research Center of Rail Transportation Operation and Control System Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing China Department of Computer Science University of York York UK

Modern societies increasingly rely on automatic control systems. These systems are hardly pure technical systems; instead they are complex socio-technical systems, which consist of technical elements and social components. It is necessary to have a systematic approach to analyze these systems because it is growing evidence that accidents from these systems usually have complex causal factors which form an interconnected network of events, rather than a simple cause-effect chain. We take railway Train control systems (TCS) as an example to demonstrate the importance of the socio-technical approach to analyze the system. The paper presents an investigation of recent high-speed railway accident by applying STAMP - one of the most notable socio-technical system analysis techniques, outlines improvements to the system which could avoid similar accidents in the future. We also provide our valuable feedback for the use of STAMP.

关键词： Sociotechnical systems Analytical models systematics Railway accidents Transportation Medical services Rail transportation systems thinking Research and development Accidents

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MRLATO: An Adaptive Task Offloading Mechanism Based on Meta Reinforcement Learning in Edge Computing Environment

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IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 2025年

作者： Zhang, Peiying Liu, Jiamin Guizani, Maher Wang, Jian Kumar, Neeraj Tan, Lizhuang Qingdao Institute of Software College of Computer Science and Technology Qingdao266580 China Shandong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Oil & Gas Industrial Software Qingdao266580 China Ministry of Education Qilu University of Technology Shandong Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security Jinan250014 China University of Texas Arlington Computer Science and Engineering Department TX United States College of Science Qingdao266580 China Thapar University Department of Computer Science and Engineering Patiala147004 India Jinan250014 China Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer Science Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computing Power Internet and Service Computing Jinan250014 China

Traditional cloud computing models struggle to meet the requirements of latency-sensitive applications when processing large amounts of data. As a solution, Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) extends computing resources to the edge of the network to reduce processing delays and improve user experience. However, in dynamically changing edge computing environments, effective decision making on whether to offload tasks to edge servers remains a core challenge. For this purpose, we propose MRLATO, an adaptive task offloading mechanism based on Meta Reinforcement Learning (MRL), which exploits a large amount of a priori knowledge of different tasks to achieve fast adaptation. The task offloading process is modelled as multiple Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) and solved using a Sequence to Sequence (Seq2Seq) neural network integrating multi-head attention and recursive task sequencing. It is shown by the experimental results that the proposed method has the lowest latency in all experimental settings and the convergence efficiency is improved by 14.06% compared to the traditional Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) algorithm. This research fully demonstrates the significant benefits of the deep integration of MRL with the edge computing domain, providing new optimisation ideas for task offloading decisions. © 1967-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Computation offloading

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A deep learning-based approach for predicting ubiquitination sites using word embedding techniques

A deep learning-based approach for predicting ubiquitination...

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International Conference on computer and Information Technology (ICCIT)

作者： Md. Faruk Hosen Md. Abul Basar Md. Samim Hossain Sakib Sarker Md. Suhag Ali Monir Morshed Muhammad Shahin Uddin Department of Information and Communication Technology Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University Tangail Bangladesh Department of Computing and Information System Daffodil International University (DIU) Ashulia Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Computer Science and Engineering Uttara University Dhaka Department of Software Engineering Daffodil International University (DIU) Ashulia Dhaka Bangladesh

ISBN: (数字)9798331519094

ISBN: (纸本)9798331519100

Ubiquitination is a prevalent and reversible post-translational modification (PTM) that controls apoptosis and plays a crucial role in protein breakdown and cell disorders. Ubiquitination also involved in the control of a number of physiological mechanisms such as cellular proliferation, gene transcription, intracellular signaling, DNA correction, and synthesis. However, experimental identification of ubiquitination sites prediction is time-consuming and costly, so it is an urgent need to construct effective predictors. In this paper, a novel predictor called UbiSite-DeepWET has been developed to accurately predict ubiquitination sites from sequences using a convolutional neural network (CNN) model. First, we perform nine feature extraction method, namely Amino Acid Composition (AAC), Dipeptide Compostion (DPC), Composition of k-spaced Amino Acid Pairs (CKSAAP), Pseudo-Amino Acid Composition (PAAC), Amino Acid index (AAindex) database, Word2Vec, GloVe and fastText, to represent protein sequence patterns. Secondly, SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) are used to remove unnecessary and irrelevant features for predicting ubiquitination sites. Finally, the best features are fed into the CNN classifier to build the UbiSite-DeepWET model for identifying the protein ubiquitination sites. Five-fold cross validation shows that the AUC values of Set1-Set6 datasets are 0.8846, 0.7764, 0.7881, 0.7740, 0.6870 and 0.7238, respectively. The Adaptive synthetic sampling approach (ADASYN) is applied in Set4 to Set6 unbalanced datasets, and the AUC values are 0.9929, 0.9975 and 0.9971, respectively. Additionally, we have created three independent test (IT) datasets which the AUC values are 0.8529, 0.6215 and 0.6001, respectively. The results demonstrate that the proposed technique UbiSite-DeepWET outperforms conventional ubiquitination prediction methods and offers new guidance for the identification of ubiquitination sites.

关键词： Protein engineering Additives Predictive models Amino acids Feature extraction Physiology Robustness Protein sequence Convolutional neural networks Bioinformatics

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GM-DF: Generalized Multi-Scenario Deepfake Detection

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Lai, Yingxin Yu, Zitong Yang, Jing Li, Bin Kang, Xiangui Shen, Linlin The School of Computing and Information Technology Great Bay University Dongguan523000 China National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data System Computing Technology Shenzhen University Shenzhen518060 China Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society Shenzhen University Shenzhen518060 China The Guangdong Key Laboratory of Information Security The School of Computer Science and Engineering Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou510080 China Computer Vision Institute School of Computer Science & Software Engineering Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society Guangdong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data System Computing Technology Shenzhen University Shenzhen518060 China

Existing face forgery detection usually follows the paradigm of training models in a single domain, which leads to limited generalization capacity when unseen scenarios and unknown attacks occur. In this paper, we elaborately investigate the generalization capacity of deepfake detection models when jointly trained on multiple face forgery detection datasets. We first find a rapid degradation of detection accuracy when models are directly trained on combined datasets due to the discrepancy across collection scenarios and generation methods. To address the above issue, a Generalized Multi-Scenario Deepfake Detection framework (GM-DF) is proposed to serve multiple real-world scenarios by a unified model. First, we propose a hybrid expert modeling approach for domain-specific real/forgery feature extraction. Besides, as for the commonality representation, we use CLIP to extract the common features for better aligning visual and textual features across domains. Meanwhile, we introduce a masked image reconstruction mechanism to force models to capture rich forged details. Finally, we supervise the models via a domain-aware meta-learning strategy to further enhance their generalization capacities. Specifically, we design a novel domain alignment loss to strongly align the distributions of the meta-test domains and meta-train domains. Thus, the updated models are able to represent both specific and common real/forgery features across multiple datasets. In consideration of the lack of study of multi-dataset training, we establish a new benchmark leveraging multi-source data to fairly evaluate the models' generalization capacity on unseen scenarios. Both qualitative and quantitative experiments on five datasets conducted on traditional protocols as well as the proposed benchmark demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach. The codes will be available on https://***/laiyingxin2/GM-DF. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Image reconstruction

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Imperceptible and Reliable Adversarial Attack 1

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4th International Conference on Frontiers in Cyber Security, FCS 2021

作者： Zhang, Jiawei Wang, Jinwei Luo, Xiangyang Ma, Bin Xiong, Naixue School of Computer and Software Engineering Research Center of Digital Forensics Ministry of Education Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing210044 China State Key Laboratory of Mathematical Engineering and Advanced Computing Zhenzhou450001 China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computer Networks and Qilu University of Technology Jinan250353 China Department of Computer Science and Mathematics Sul Ross State University AlpineTX79830 United States

ISBN: (数字)9789811905230

ISBN: (纸本)9789811905223

Deep neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial examples, which can fool classifiers by adding small perturbations. Various adversarial attack methods have been proposed in the past several years, and most of them add the perturbation in a "sparse" or "global" way. Since the number of pixels perturbed by the "sparse" method and the perturbation intensity of each pixel added by the "global" method are both small, the adversarial property can be destroyed easily. Finally, it makes the adversarial attack and the adversarial training based on these samples unreliable. To address this issue, we present an "pixel-wise" method which is somewhere in between the "sparse" or "global" way. First, the perception of human eyes to the error of different image regions is different. Second, image processing methods have different effects on the different areas of the image. Based on these two considerations, we propose an imperceptible and reliable adversarial attack method, which projects the perturbation to the different areas differently. Extensive experiments demonstrate our method can preserve the attack ability while maintaining good view quality. More importantly, the proposed projection can be combined with existing attack methods to generate a stronger generation algorithm which improves the robustness of adversarial examples. Based on the proposed method, the reliability of adversarial attacks can be greatly improved. © 2022, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Pixels

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Discrete Geometric Coded Data Layout for Large-scale Object Storage systems

Discrete Geometric Coded Data Layout for Large-scale Object ...

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IEEE International Conference on Big Data and Cloud Computing (BdCloud)

作者： Yi Tian Guangping Xu Hongzhang Yang Yue Ni JiaXin Cao Lei Yang School of Computer Science and Engineering Tianjin University of Technology Tianjin China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligence Computing Novel Software Technology Tianjin China Key Laboratory of Computer Vision and System Ministry of Education China Roycom (Tianjin) Information Technology Co. Ltd.

Regenerating codes are new network codes proposed to reduce the data required for fault repair, which can improve the recovery efficiency of faulty nodes in data storage systems. However, unlike Reed-Solomon code, which repairs at the granularity of bytes, regenerating codes require data stored in large chunks but leads to severe read amplification, which reads out excess data when degraded read objects and increases degraded read time. That reflects a mutual constraint between improving recovery efficiency and degraded read performance, as manifested in the amplification of data reads, a vital issue considered in this *** solve this problem, we propose a new type of data layout — discrete geometric, which splits the object into a series of geometric sequences of data blocks. They are placed discretely into corresponding containers on the disks at different nodes, with containers of the same size made into a strip for encoding. The discrete characteristic ensures lower repair costs for degraded reads. The geometric characteristic ensures the repair performance of regenerating codes by large blocks, and read amplification can be mitigated through small blocks. To reduce IOPS for discrete geometric, we propose Discrete Geometric-Locally Regenerating Codes (DG-LRCs), guaranteeing lower degraded read latency while improving recovery *** results show that the degraded read time of DG-LRCs compared to regenerating codes combined with geometric partitioning is 22.56% lower at 2Gbpsand 60.56% lower at 4Gbps, and the recovery performance is 7.04 times better than that of RS code.

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RAT: A Refactoring-Aware Traceability Model for Bug Localization

RAT: A Refactoring-Aware Traceability Model for Bug Localiza...

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International Conference on software engineering (ICSE)

作者： Feifei Niu Wesley K. G. Assunção LiGuo Huang Christoph Mayr-Dorn Jidong Ge Bin Luo Alexander Egyed State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Nanjing University Nanjing China Institute for Software Systems Engineering Johannes Kepler University Linz Austria Department of Computer Science and Engineering Southern Methodist University Dallas Texas USA

A large number of bug reports are created during the evolution of a software system. Locating the source code files that need to be changed in order to fix these bugs is a challenging task. Information retrieval-based bug localization techniques do so by correlating bug reports with historical information about the source code (e.g., previously resolved bug reports, commit logs). These techniques have shown to be efficient and easy to use. However, one flaw that is nearly omnipresent in all these techniques is that they ignore code refactorings. Code refactorings are common during software system evolution, but from the perspective of typical version control systems, they break the code history. For example, a class when renamed then appears as two separate classes with separate histories. Obviously, this is a problem that affects any technique that leverages code history. This paper proposes a refactoring-aware traceability model to keep track of the code evolution history. With this model, we reconstruct the code history by analyzing the impact of code refactorings to correctly stitch together what would otherwise be a fragmented history. To demonstrate that a refactoring aware history is indeed beneficial, we investigated three widely adopted bug localization techniques that make use of code history, which are important components in existing approaches. Our evaluation on 11 open source projects shows that taking code refactorings into account significantly improves the results of these bug localization techniques without significant changes to the techniques themselves. The more refactorings are used in a project, the stronger the benefit we observed. Based on our findings, we believe that much of the state of the art leveraging code history should benefit from our work.

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A Novel Adaptive Perturbation-Based Method for Long-Tailed Open Sets Recognition

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Ngueilbaye, Alladoumbaye Zhang, Qin Yang, Hongye Zhang, Xiaolin Zhang, Peng Chen, Xiaojun Huang, Joshua Zhexue Big Data Institute College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen518060 China National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data System Computing Technology Shenzhen University Shenzhen518060 China College of Computer Science and Engineering Shandong University of Science and Technology Qingdao266590 China

Real-world data often have a long-tailed and open-ended distribution. A reliable practical machine learning system need to learn from the majority classes and also generalize to minority *** achieve this, acknowledge the minority and the novel class samples, and avoid misclassifying them into one of the majority classes are of great significance. Long-tailed Open Set Recognition aims to learn from the naturally distributed long-tailed and open-ended data, by using the easy-gained head class samples to learn the fundamental information, and also try to improve the out-of-distribution generalization ability by identifying the tail class and open-set class samples as novelty to avoid the misclassification. The key challenges for long-tailed open set recognition is the tail and open-set sensitivity, since they can be easily biased towards dominant classes and perform ineffectively on close-set dataset classes. Inspired by techniques on open set recognition, in this paper, we propose a Class-aware Input Preprocessing (CLAIP) approach to improve the detection of the Out-of-distribution samples by perturbing the input images. In this approach, we employ two techniques to leverage its performance. First, we introduce the middle class samples as auxiliary data during the network training process to force each category's boundaries. Second, we add a Class-aware Input Preprocessing module that can be easily plugged into the testing process by perturbing the salient regions of the input images to further improve the out-of-distribution generalization. The experimental results show that CLAIP achieves high quality and significant performance compared to the existing solutions. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Image enhancement

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Identity Based Encryption and Biometric Authentication Scheme for Secure Data Access in Cloud Computing

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2023年第2期21卷 254-259页

作者： Hongbing Cheng Chunming Rong Zhenghua Tan Qingkai Zeng State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Nanjing University Nanjing China Department of Information Engineering Jiangsu City Vocation College Nanjing China Department of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science University of Stavanger Stavanger Norway Department of Electronic Systems Aalborg University Aalborg Denmark

Cloud computing will be a main information infrastructure in the future; it consists of many large datacenters which are usually geographically distributed and heterogeneous. How to design a secure data access for cloud computing platform is a big challenge. In this paper, we propose a secure data access scheme based on identity-based encryption and biometric authentication for cloud computing. Firstly, we describe the security concern of cloud computing and then propose an integrated data access scheme for cloud computing, the procedure of the proposed scheme include parameter setup, key distribution, feature template creation, cloud data processing and secure data access control. Finally, we compare the proposed scheme with other schemes through comprehensive analysis and simulation. The results show that the proposed data access scheme is feasible and secure for cloud computing.

关键词： Access control Cloud computing Identity-based encryption Biometrics (access control) Authentication Process control Memory

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