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Indo - Taiwan 2nd International Conference on Computing, Analytics and Networks, Indo-Taiwan ICAN 2020

作者： Salahuddin Morsalin, S.M. Lai, Shin-Chi Master's Program of Green Technology for Sustainability Nanhua University Chiayi County Taiwan Nanhua University Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Chiayi County Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9781728149998

Electroencephalography (EEG) signals are recorded for knowing the electrical activity of the brain from the scalp, and the recorded waveform provides acquits into the dynamic aspects of brain activity. This study incorporates the circuit design and device development to achieve the Electroencephalography signal acquisition front-end circuit design for future Brain-computer Interface (BCI) applications. The amplitude of acquired signals should be strong enough and is usually expressed in the unit of millivolts. The data acquisition procedure consists three stages: 1) The acquisition of original EEG signal can be done by the active electrode and an instrumentation amplifier with a smaller gain;2) Improves the signal quality by using band-pass filter and band-stop filter;3) Those EEG signals convert into the digital code through the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) that will be integrated into a micro-controller. The digital code is stored into an embedded memory and is further transmitted via the Bluetooth module. The experimental results show that the system could implement the acquisition and storage of the EEG signals efficiently. The size of the printed circuit board (PCB) for the proposed design is smaller than 5.5 cm2. This system would be a benefit to all involved in the use of EEG for clinical diagnosis and monitoring, or even for the braincomputer interface. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Electrodes

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Antithetic Multilevel Methods for Elliptic and Hypo-Elliptic Diffusions with Applications

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Iguchi, Yuga Jasra, Ajay Maama, Mohamed Beskos, Alexandros Department of Statistical Science University College London LondonWC1E 6BT United Kingdom School of Data Science The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen China Applied Mathematics and Computational Science Program Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal23955-6900 Saudi Arabia

In this paper we present a new antithetic multilevel Monte Carlo (MLMC) method for the estimation of expectations with respect to laws of diffusion processes that can be elliptic or hypo-elliptic. In particular, we consider the case where one has to resort to time discretization of the diffusion and numerical simulation of such schemes. Motivated by recent developments, we introduce a new MLMC estimator of expectations, which does not require simulation of intractable Lévy areas but has a weak error of order 2 and achieves the optimal computational complexity. We then show how this approach can be used in the context of the filtering problem associated to partially observed diffusions with discrete time observations. We illustrate with numerical simulations that our new approaches provide efficiency gains for several problems relative to some existing methods. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Diffusion

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Feasibility of Inferring Spatial Transcriptomics from Single-Cell Histological Patterns for Studying Colon Cancer Tumor Heterogeneity

Feasibility of Inferring Spatial Transcriptomics from Single...

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18th International Joint Conference on Biomedical engineering Systems and Technologies, BIOSTEC 2025

作者： Fatemi, Michael Y. Lu, Yunrui Azher, Zarif L. Sharma, Cyril Feng, Eric Diallo, Alos B. Srinivasan, Gokul Rosner, Grace M. Pointer, Kelli B. Christensen, Brock C. Salas, Lucas A. Tsongalis, Gregory J. Palisoul, Scott M. Perreard, Laurent Kolling, Fred W. Vaickus, Louis J. Levy, Joshua J. University of Virginia CharlottesvilleVA United States Emerging Diagnostic and Investigative Technologies Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Dartmouth Health LebanonNH United States Department of Computer Science Purdue University West LafayetteIN United States Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology AlexandriaVA United States Department of Epidemiology Dartmouth College Geisel School of Medicine HanoverNH United States Program in Quantitative Biomedical Sciences Dartmouth College Geisel School of Medicine HanoverNH United States Department of Medicine Section of Radiology Oncology Dartmouth Health LebanonNH United States Department of Molecular and Cell Biology Dartmouth College Geisel School of Medicine HanoverNH United States Genomics Shared Resource Dartmouth Cancer Center LebanonNH United States Department of Dermatology Dartmouth Health LebanonNH United States Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Cedars Sinai Medical Center Los AngelesCA United States Department of Computational Biomedicine Cedars Sinai Medical Center Los AngelesCA United States Division of Biology and Biological Engineering California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA United States

Spatial transcriptomics (ST) enables studying spatial organization of gene expression within tissues, offering insights into the molecular diversity of tumors. Recent methods have demonstrated the capability to disaggregate this information at subspot resolution by leveraging both expression and histological patterns. Elucidating such information from histology alone presents a significant challenge, but if solved can enable spatial molecular analysis at cellular resolution even where ST data is not available, reducing study costs. This study explores integrating single-cell histological and transcriptomic data to infer spatial mRNA expression patterns in colorectal cancer whole slide images. A cell-graph neural network algorithm was developed to align histological information extracted from detected cells with single cell RNA, facilitating the analysis of cellular groupings and gene relationships. We demonstrate that single-cell transcriptional heterogeneity within a spot could be predicted from histological markers extracted from cells detected within it. Our model exhibited proficiency in delineating overarching gene expression patterns across whole-slide images. This approach compared favorably to traditional computer vision methods which did not incorporate single cell expression during the model training. This innovative approach augments the resolution of spatial molecular assays utilizing histology as sole input through co-mapping of histological and transcriptomic datasets at the single-cell level. © 2025 by SCITEPRESS– Science and technology Publications, Lda.

关键词： Tumors

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GNN-Based Point Cloud Maps Feature Extraction and Residual Feature Fusion for 3D Object Detection

GNN-Based Point Cloud Maps Feature Extraction and Residual F...

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IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)

作者： Wei-Hsiang Liao Chieh-Chih Wang Wen-Chieh Lin Graduate Degree Program of Artificial Intelligence National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan Mechanical and Mechatronics Systems Research Laboratories Industrial Technology Research Institute Hsinchu Taiwan Institute of Multimedia Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan

LiDAR detection of long-range vehicles is challenging because very few and sparse points are measured in long distances and vehicles with similar shapes of targets could lead to false positives easily. To tackle these challenges, taking the environment information (HD maps) into account could be beneficial to predetermine where targets are more or less likely to appear. Compared with semantic maps, HD maps formed by point clouds provide much richer information from surrounding static objects and scenes. In this work, we construct a GNN-based feature extraction of point cloud maps to increase the receptive fields of learning map features. Our work is based on PVRCNN, the state-of-the-art LiDAR object detection method. With point-wise and voxel-wise features obtained from PVRCNN, residual feature fusion is proposed to fuse the features from PVRCNN and the map features from GNN. Our approach is evaluated on NuScenes dataset. It achieves a 24.78% average precision improvement for long-range objects at 40–50 meters, the farthest areas with ground truth annotation. Our approach also has a 4.22% reduction of false positives in the entire sensing areas.

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Emergent dimer-model topological order and quasi-particle excitations in liquid crystals: combinatorial vortex lattices

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2025年

作者： Meng, Cuiling Wu, Jin-Sheng Kos, Žiga Dunkel, Jörn Nisoli, Cristiano Smalyukh, Ivan I. Department of Physics and Chemical Physics Program University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States Hiroshima University Hiroshima Higashihiroshima Japan Department of Mathematics Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Faculty of Mathematics and Physics University of Ljubljana Ljubljana Slovenia Department of Condensed Matter Physics Jožef Stefan Institute Ljubljana Slovenia Theoretical Division Physics of Condensed Matter and Complex Systems Center For Nonlinear Studies Los Alamos National Laboratory Los AlamosNM87545 United States Department of Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute National Renewable Energy Laboratory University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States

Liquid crystals have proven to provide a versatile experimental and theoretical platform for studying topological objects such as vortices, skyrmions, and hopfions. In parallel, in hard condensed matter physics, the concept of topological phases and topological order has been introduced in the context of spin liquids to investigate emergent phenomena like quantum Hall effects and high-temperature superconductivity. Here, we bridge these two seemingly disparate perspectives on topology in physics. Combining experiments and simulations, we show how topological defects in liquid crystals can be used as versatile building blocks to create complex, highly degenerate topological phases, which we refer to as ‘Combinatorial Vortex Lattices’ (CVLs). CVLs exhibit extensive residual entropy and support locally stable quasi-particle excitations in the form of charge-conserving topological monopoles, which can act as mobile information carriers and be linked via Dirac strings. CLVs can be rewritten and reconfigured on demand, endowed with various symmetries, and modified through laser-induced topological surgery — an essential capability for information storage and retrieval. We demonstrate experimentally the realization, stability, and precise optical manipulation of CVLs, thus opening new avenues for understanding and technologically exploiting higher-hierarchy topology in liquid crystals and other ordered media. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Laser surgery

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Quantum simulation of an extended Dicke model with a magnetic solid

Communications Materials

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Communications Materials 2024年第1期5卷 42页

作者： Marquez Peraca, Nicolas Li, Xinwei Moya, Jaime M. Hayashida, Kenji Kim, Dasom Ma, Xiaoxuan Neubauer, Kelly J. Fallas Padilla, Diego Huang, Chien-Lung Dai, Pengcheng Nevidomskyy, Andriy H. Pu, Han Morosan, Emilia Cao, Shixun Bamba, Motoaki Kono, Junichiro Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University HoustonTX United States Department of Physics California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA United States Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley–Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX United States Division of Applied Physics Graduate School of Engineering Hokkaido University Hokkaido Japan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University HoustonTX United States Department of Physics International Center of Quantum and Molecular Structures and Materials Genome Institute Shanghai University Shanghai China Department of Physics and Center for Quantum Frontiers of Research and Technology National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan Department of Chemistry Rice University HoustonTX United States Department of Physics I Kyoto University Kyoto Japan The Hakubi Center for Advanced Research Kyoto University Kyoto Japan PRESTO Japan Science and Technology Agency Saitama Japan Department of Physics Yokohama National University Yokohama Japan Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering Rice University HoustonTX United States

The Dicke model describes the cooperative interaction of an ensemble of two-level atoms with a single-mode photonic field and exhibits a quantum phase transition as a function of light–matter coupling strength. Extending this model by incorporating short-range atom–atom interactions makes the problem intractable but is expected to produce new physical phenomena and phases. Here, we simulate such an extended Dicke model using a crystal of ErFeO3, where the role of atoms (photons) is played by Er3+ spins (Fe3+ magnons). Through terahertz spectroscopy and magnetocaloric effect measurements as a function of temperature and magnetic field, we demonstrated the existence of a novel atomically ordered phase in addition to the superradiant and normal phases that are expected from the standard Dicke model. Further, we elucidated the nature of the phase boundaries in the temperature–magnetic-field phase diagram, identifying both first-order and second-order phase transitions. These results lay the foundation for studying multiatomic quantum optics models using well-characterized many-body solid-state systems. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Atoms

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Mechatronic Design of an Amphibious Drone

Mechatronic Design of an Amphibious Drone

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International Conference on Autonomous Robots and Agents, ICARA

作者： Nikolaos Evangeliou Dimitris Chaikalis Nikolaos Giakoumidis Anthony Tzes Electrical Engineering Program New York University Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Electrical & Computer Engineering Department New York University Brooklyn NY USA Kinesis Lab Core Technology Platform New York University Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Center for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics New York University Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates

This paper is concerned with the mechatronic design of a tricopter drone which can move as a ground vehicle and/or as a vessel. The tricopter has three pairs of coaxial rotors and is capable of providing 100N of thrust with a 15 minute flight time using an 8S LiPo 12.5Ah battery. Three waterproof motors are attached to an isosceles triangular omniwheel configuration for operating as a ground vehicle after landing. The customized wheels allow the vehicle to move with a linear velocity up to 2 m/sec at a tilt slope up to 20°. Two submersible parallel water thrusters provide 24N collective force leading to a maximum vessel velocity of 1 m/s and a turn radius of 1.5 m. The design alternatives are highlighted and prioritized according to their weight while the overall amphibious drone is shown in several flight/omniwheel vehicle/vessel modes.

关键词： Mechatronics Navigation Force Wheels Rotors Prototypes Land vehicles

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Ramsey envelope modulation in NV diamond magnetometry

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Physical Review B 2022年第5期106卷 054110-054110页

作者： Jner Tzern Oon Jiashen Tang Connor A. Hart Kevin S. Olsson Matthew J. Turner Jennifer M. Schloss Ronald L. Walsworth Department of Physics University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 USA Quantum Technology Center University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 USA Intelligence Community Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 USA Lincoln Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lexington Massachusetts 02421 USA

Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) spin ensembles in diamond provide an advanced magnetic sensing platform, with applications in both the physical and life sciences. The development of isotopically engineered NV15 diamond offers advantages over naturally occurring NV14 for magnetometry, due to its simpler hyperfine structure. However, for sensing modalities requiring a bias magnetic field not aligned with the sensing NV axis, the absence of a quadrupole moment in the N15 nuclear spin leads to pronounced envelope modulation effects in time-dependent measurements of NV15 spin evolution. While such behavior in spin echo experiments are well studied, analogous effects in Ramsey measurements and the implications for magnetometry remain underexplored. Here, we derive the modulated NV15 Ramsey response to a misaligned bias field, using a simple vector description of the effective magnetic field on the nuclear spin. The predicted modulation properties are then compared to experimental results, revealing significant magnetic sensitivity loss if unaddressed. We demonstrate that double-quantum coherences of the NV S=1 electronic spin states dramatically suppress these envelope modulations, while additionally proving resilient to other parasitic effects such as strain heterogeneity and temperature shifts.

关键词： NV centers Quantum metrology Quantum sensing Nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond Magnetization measurements Numerical approximation & analysis Perturbation theory

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Tracking fast neural adaptation by globally adaptive point process estimation for brain-machine interface

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

作者： Chen, Shuhang Zhang, Xiang Shen, Xiang Huang, Yifan Wang, Yiwen The Program of Bioengineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Kowloon Hong Kong The Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Kowloon Hong Kong The Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

Brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) help the disabled restore body functions by translating neural activity into digital commands to control external devices. Neural adaptation, where the brain signals change in response to external stimuli or movements, plays an important role in BMIs. When subjects purely use neural activity to brain-control a prosthesis, some neurons will actively explore a new tuning property to accomplish the movement task. The prediction of this neural tuning property can help subjects adapt more efficiently to brain control and maintain good decoding performance. Existing prediction methods track the slow change of the tuning property in the manual control, which is not suitable for the fast neural adaptation in brain control. In order to identify the active neurons in brain control and track their tuning property changes, we propose a globally adaptive point process method (GaPP) to estimate the neural modulation state from spike trains, decompose the states into the hyper preferred direction and reconstruct the kinematics in a dual-model framework. We implement the method on real data from rats performing a two-lever discrimination task under manual control and brain control. The results show our method successfully predicts the neural modulation state and identifies the neurons that become active in brain control. Compared to existing methods, ours tracks the fast changes of the hyper preferred direction from manual control to brain control more accurately and efficiently and reconstructs the kinematics better and faster. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Neurons

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Reduction of interface defects in gate-recessed GaN HEMTs by neutral beam etching

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Materials Today Advances 2024年 23卷

作者： Yu, Chia Hao Chiang, Wei Hsiang Chen, Yi-Ho Samukawa, Seiji Wuu, Dong Sing Chung, Chin-Han Hsiao, Ching-Lien Horng, Ray Hua Institute of Electronics National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Chung Hsing University Graduate Degree Program of College of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Institute of Comunications Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Department of Applied Materials and Optoelectronic Engineering National Chi Nan University International College of Semiconductor Technology National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Thin Film Physics Division Department of Physics Chemistry and Biology (IFM) Linköping University

This study investigates and compares the impact of different etching techniques on the fabrication of GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) between the inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching (ICP-RIE) and the neutral beam etching (NBE) for the gate recess. By conducting direct current analysis, it was found that devices manufactured using the NBE exhibited superior electrical performance as compared with those produced using the ICP-RIE. These enhanced electrical characteristics include a transconductance of up to 100.4 mS/mm, a threshold voltage (V_th) of −2.3 V, an on/off current ratio of 1.1 × 10⁹, a subthreshold swing (S.S.) of 99.63 mV/dec, and a remarkably low gate leakage current. Additionally, we noted varying degrees of hysteresis in the I–V characteristics were related to process disparities possibly leading to interface defects. Multi-frequency capacitance-voltage (C–V) measurements were used to identify the interface defects at the oxide/AlGaN interface of the gate. The results revealed that devices fabricated using the NBE exhibited a lower interface defect density as compared with those fabricated using the ICP-RIE, thereby elucidating the reduced hysteresis observed in the I–V characteristics. These findings indicated the significant advantages of the NBE process in the fabrication of GaN HEMTs. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： GaN HEMTs Gate recess Interface defects Multi-frequency C–V Neutral beam etching

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