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Automatic detection of lung nodule in CT scan slices using CNN segmentation schemes: A study

Procedia computer science 2023年 218卷 2786-2794页

作者： Seifedine Kadry Enrique Herrera-Viedma Rubén González Crespo Sujatha Krishnamoorthy Venkatesan Rajinikanth Faculty of Applied Computing and Technology Noroff University College Kristiansand 94612 Norway Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence University of Granada Granada Andalusian Spain Computer Science Department School of Engineering and Technology Universidad Internacional de La Rioja 26006 Spain Zhejiang Bioinformatics International Science and Technology Cooperation Center Wenzhou-Kean University Zhejiang Province China Wenzhou Municipal Key Lab of Applied Biomedical and Biopharmaceutical Informatics Wenzhou-Kean University Zhejiang Province China Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering St. Joseph's College of Engineering OMR Chennai 600119 Tamil Nadu India

The lung is one of the prime respiratory organs in human physiology, and its abnormality will severely disrupt the respiratory system. Lung Nodule (LN) is one of the abnormalities, and early screening and treatment are necessary to reduce its harshness. The proposed work aims to implement the Convolutional-Neural-Network (CNN) segmentation methodology to extract the LN in various lung CT slices, such as axial, coronal, and sagittal planes. This work consists of the following phases; (i) Image collection and pre-processing, (ii) Ground-truth generation, (iii) CNN-supported segmentation, and (iv) Performance evaluation and validation. In this work, the merit of pre-trained CNN segmentation schemes is verified using (i) One-fold training and (ii) Two-fold training methods. The test images for this study are collected from The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA) database. The experimental investigation is executed using Python®, and the outcome of this study confirms that the VGG-SegNet helps to get better values of Jaccard (>88%), Dice (>93%), and Accuracy (>96%) compared to other CNN methods.

关键词： Lung nodule CT scan CNN segmentation VGG-SegNet Accuracy Detection

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Deep and handcrafted feature supported diabetic retinopathy detection: A study

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Procedia computer science 2023年 218卷 2675-2683页

作者： Seifedine Kadry Rubén González Crespo Enrique Herrera-Viedma Sujatha Krishnamoorthy Venkatesan Rajinikanth Faculty of Applied Computing and Technology Noroff University College Kristiansand 94612 Norway Computer Science Department School of Engineering and Technology Universidad Internacional de La Rioja 26006 Andalusian Spain Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence University of Granada Granada Spain Zhejiang Bioinformatics International Science and Technology Cooperation Center Wenzhou-Kean University Zhejiang Province China Wenzhou Municipal Key Lab of Applied Biomedical and Biopharmaceutical Informatics Wenzhou-Kean University Zhejiang Province China Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering St. Joseph's College of Engineering OMR Chennai 600119 Tamil Nadu India

The eye is the prime sensory organ in physiology, and the abnormality in the eye severely influences the vision system. Therefore, eye irregularity is commonly assessed using imaging schemes, and Fundus Retinal Image (FRI) supported eye screening is one of the ophthalmological practices. This work proposed a Deep-Learning Procedure (DLP) to recognize Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) in FI. The proposed work presents the experimental work with different DLP methods found in the literature. This work is executed with two modes; (i) DR detection using conventional deep-features and (ii) DR discovery using deep ensemble features. To demonstrate this work, 1800 fundus images (900 regular and 900 DR class) are considered for the assessment, and the advantage of proposed plan is confirmed using various performance metrics. The experimental outcome of this study confirms that the AlexNet-based detection provides a better detection (>96%), and the deep ensemble features of AlexNet, VGG16, and ResNet18 provide a detection accuracy of >98% on the chosen FRI database.

关键词： Eye abnormality Diabetic retinopathy Fundus imaging Deep-Learning Classification

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An Approach to Prevent Weight Manipulation by Minimum Adjustment and Maximum Entropy Method in Large-Scale Group Decision Making

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Sun, Qi Wu, Jian Chiclana, Francisco Wang, Sha Herrera-Viedma, Enrique School of Economics and Management Shanghai Maritime University Shanghai201306 China Center for Artificial Intelligence and Decision Sciences Shanghai Maritime University Shanghai201306 China Institute of Artificial Intelligence Faculty of Computing Engineering and Media De Montfort University Leicester United Kingdom Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence Dept. of Computer Science and AI University of Granada Granada18071 Spain Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering King Abdulaziz University Jeddah21589 Saudi Arabia

This paper proposes a theoretical framework to prevent weight manipulation in large-scale group decision making (LSGDM). Firstly, a community detection based method is used to cluster the large group. The power relations of subgroups are measured by the rights index (RI), which depends on the subgroups size and cohesion. Then, a minimum adjustment feedback model with maximum entropy is proposed to prevent subgroups’manipulation behavior. The minimum adjustment rule aims for ‘effificiency’ while the maximum entropy rule aims for ‘justice’. Consequently, by keeping a balance between ‘effificiency’ and ‘justice’ in the mechanism of assigning weights, the rationality of weight allocation to reach consensus effificiently can be ensured. Detailed numerical and simulation analyses are carried out to verify the validity of the proposed method. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Decision making

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Modeling CO2 solubility in polyethylene glycol polymer using data driven methods

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Separation science and Technology (Philadelphia) 2025年第11期60卷 1451-1470页

作者： Lei, YunLi Sead, Fadhel F. Sur, Dharmesh Yadav, Anupam Ballal, Suhas Singh, Abhayveer Krithiga, T. Kumar, Akshay Yuldashev, Farrukh Ahmad, Irfan Sherzod, Samim Guangxi Technological College of Machinery and Electricity Nanning China Department of Dentistry College of Dentistry The Islamic University Iraq Department of medical analysis Medical laboratory technique college the Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah Al Diwaniyah Iraq Department of medical analysis Medical laboratory technique college the Islamic University of Babylon Babylon Iraq Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering & Technology Marwadi University Research Center Rajkot India Department of Computer engineering and Application GLA University Mathura India Bangalore India Centre for Research Impact & Outcome Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology Chitkara University Rajpura India Department of Chemistry Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology Chennai India Department of Mathematics Graphic Era Hill University Dehradun India Graphic Era Deemed to be University Dehradun India Department of Informatics and Its Teaching Methods Tashkent State Pedagogical University Tashkent Uzbekistan Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences College of Applied Medical Sciences King Khalid University Abha Saudi Arabia Faculty of Engineering Nangarhar University Nangarhar Afghanistan

The solubility of CO2 in polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymer is a critical parameter for optimizing its use in various industrial processes, underscoring the need for precise predictive models. In this research, a Random Forest (RF) machine learning model is meticulously tuned through four sophisticated optimization algorithms: Batch Bayesian Optimization (BBO), Self-Adaptive Differential Evolution (SADE), Bayesian Probability Improvement (BPI), and Gaussian Processes Optimization (GPO). The model leverages a dataset of 164 experimental samples, incorporating essential input parameters such as pressure, PEG molar mass, and temperature to predict CO2 solubility. To prevent overfitting, K-fold cross-validation is applied throughout model training. The efficacy of each optimization method is evaluated using computational runtime and performance metrics, including R-squared (R2), mean squared error (MSE), and average absolute relative error (AARE%). Correlation analysis indicates that pressure has a moderate positive relationship with CO2 solubility (correlation coefficient: 0.58), while PEG molar mass and temperature exhibit weaker associations (0.2 and 0.05, respectively). Among the optimization techniques, RF-BPI proves to be the most effective, delivering superior predictive performance. The results show RF-BPI achieves an R2 of 0.9625 for the training set and 0.9307 for the test set, surpassing other methods. For benchmarking, a conventional multiple linear regression (LR) model was tested, demonstrating significantly lower accuracy (R2 notably inferior to RF-BPI’s 0.9307 on the test set). In terms of computational efficiency, BPI records the shortest runtime (63.9 seconds), while SADE is the least efficient, requiring 2370.2 seconds. Sensitivity analysis further clarifies the relative impact of each input variable on CO2 solubility, affirming the power of data-driven approaches in modeling complex systems. The created models can be seen as promising predictive tools

关键词： Mean square error

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Systematically Evaluation of Challenge Obfuscated APUFs

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Gao, Yansong Yao, Jianrong Pang, Lihui Zhang, Zhi Fu, Anmin Xiong, Naixue Kim, Hyoungshick School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology China School of Electrical Engineering University of South China China Department of Software Sungkyunkwan University Korea Republic of Data61 CSIRO Sydney Australia National Engineering Research Center for E-Learning Central China Normal University Wuhan430079 China

As a well-known physical unclonable function that can provide huge number of challenge response pairs (CRP) with a compact design and fully compatibility with current electronic fabrication process, the arbiter PUF (APUF) has attracted great attention. To improve its resilience against modeling attacks, many APUF variants have been proposed so far. Though the modeling resilience of response obfuscated APUF variants such as XOR-APUF and lightweight secure APUF (LSPUF) have been well studied, the challenge obfuscated APUFs (CO-APUFs) such as feed-forward APUF (FF-APUF), and XOR-FF-APUF are less elucidated, especially, with the deep learning (DL) methods. This work systematically evaluates five CO-APUFs including three influential designs of FF-APUF, XOR-FF-APUF, iPUF, one very recently design (dubbed as MnS1,S2,S3-APUF) and our newly optimized design (dubbed as OAX-FF-APUF), in terms of their reliability, uniformity (related to uniqueness), and modeling resilience. Three DL techniques of GRU, TCN and MLP are employed to examine these CO-APUFs' modeling resilience-the first two are newly explored. With computation resource of a common personal computer, we show that all five CO-APUFs with relatively large scale can be successfully modeled-attacking accuracy higher or close to its reliability. The hyper-parameter tuning of DL technique is crucial for implementing efficient attacks. Increasing the scale of the CO-APUF is validated to be able to improve the resilience but should be done with minimizing the reliability degradation. As the powerful capability of DL technique affirmed by us, we recommend the DL, specifically the MLP technique always demonstrating best efficacy, to be always considered for examining the modeling resilience when newly composited APUFs are devised or to a large extent, other strong PUFs are constructed. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Deep learning

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Denoising Diffusion Models for 3D Healthy Brain Tissue Inpainting

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Durrer, Alicia Wolleb, Julia Bieder, Florentin Friedrich, Paul Melie-Garcia, Lester Ocampo-Pineda, Mario Bercea, Cosmin I. Hamamci, Ibrahim E. Wiestler, Benedikt Piraud, Marie Yaldizli, Özgür Granziera, Cristina Menze, Bjoern H. Cattin, Philippe C. Kofler, Florian Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Basel Switzerland University Hospital Basel Switzerland Computational Imaging and AI in Medicine Technical University of Munich Germany Institute of Machine Learning in Biomedical Imaging Helmholtz Center Munich Germany Department of Quantitative Biomedicine University of Zurich Switzerland Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology School of Medicine Klinikum rechts der Isar Technical University of Munich Germany Helmholtz AI Helmholtz Munich Germany Department of Computer Science TUM School of Computation Information and Technology Technical University of Munich Germany TranslaTUM Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research Technical University of Munich Germany

Monitoring diseases that affect the brain's structural integrity requires automated analysis of magnetic resonance (MR) images, e.g., for the evaluation of volumetric changes. However, many of the evaluation tools are optimized for analyzing healthy tissue. To enable the evaluation of scans containing pathological tissue, it is therefore required to restore healthy tissue in the pathological areas. In this work, we explore and extend denoising diffusion models for consistent inpainting of healthy 3D brain tissue. We modify state-of-the-art 2D, pseudo-3D, and 3D methods working in the image space, as well as 3D latent and 3D wavelet diffusion models, and train them to synthesize healthy brain tissue. Our evaluation shows that the pseudo-3D model performs best regarding the structural-similarity index, peak signal-to-noise ratio, and mean squared error. To emphasize the clinical relevance, we fine-tune this model on data containing synthetic MS lesions and evaluate it on a downstream brain tissue segmentation task, whereby it outperforms the established FMRIB Software Library (FSL) lesion-filling method. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Magnetic resonance

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An artificially intelligent magnetic resonance spectroscopy quantification method: Comparison between QNet and LCModel on the cloud computing platform CloudBrain-MRS

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Lin, Meijin Guo, Lin Chen, Dicheng Chen, Jianshu Tu, Zhangren Huang, Xu Wang, Jianhua Qi, Ji Long, Yuan Huang, Zhiguo Guo, Di Qu, Xiaobo Han, Haiwei College of Ocean & Earth Sciences Xiamen University Xiamen361102 China Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance Xiamen University Xiamen361102 China National Integrated Circuit Industry Education Integration Innovation Platform Xiamen University Xiamen361100 China Department of Electronic Science Xiamen University Xiamen361102 China Department of Radiology the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University School of Medicine Xiamen University Xiamen361100 China Software Technology Company Limited Suzhou215163 China School of Computer and Information Engineering Fujian Engineering Research Center for Medical Data Mining and Application Xiamen University of Technology Xiamen361024 China

Objctives: This work aimed to statistically compare the metabolite quantification of human brain magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) between the deep learning method QNet and the classical method LCModel through an easy-to-use intelligent cloud computing platform CloudBrain-MRS. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, two 3 T MRI scanners Philips Ingenia and Achieva collected 61 and 46 in vivo 1H magnetic resonance (MR) spectra of healthy participants, respectively, from the brain region of pregenual anterior cingulate cortex from September to October 2021. The analyses of Bland-Altman, Pearson correlation and reasonability were performed to assess the degree of agreement, linear correlation and reasonability between the two quantification methods. Results: Fifteen healthy volunteers (12 females and 3 males, age range: 21-35 years, mean age ± standard deviation = 27.4 ± 3.9 years) were recruited. The analyses of Bland-Altman, Pearson correlation and reasonability showed high to good consistency and very strong to moderate correlation between the two methods for quantification of total N-acetylaspartate (tNAA), total choline (tCho), and inositol (Ins) (relative half interval of limits of agreement = 3.04%, 9.3%, and 18.5%, respectively;Pearson correlation coefficient r = 0.775, 0.927, and 0.469, respectively). In addition, quantification results of QNet are more likely to be closer to the previous reported average values than those of LCModel. Conclusion: There were high or good degrees of consistency between the quantification results of QNet and LCModel for tNAA, tCho, and Ins, and QNet generally has more reasonable quantification than LCModel. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Metabolites

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Automated Retrieval of Focal Liver Lesions in Multi-phase CT Images Using Tensor Sparse Representation 9th

Automated Retrieval of Focal Liver Lesions in Multi-phase CT...

引用

9th KES International Conference on Innovation in Medicine and Healthcare, KES-InMed 2021

作者： Wang, Jian Zhao, Junlin Han, Xian-Hua Lin, Lanfen Hu, Hongjie Xu, Yingying Chen, Qingqing Iwamoto, Yutaro Chen, Yen-Wei College of Info. Science and Engineering Ritsumeikan University Shiga Japan School of Information Science and Engineering Shandong Normal University Jinan250358 China Faculty of Science Yamaguchi University Yamaguchi Japan College of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang University Hangzhou China Department of Radiology Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital College of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China Zhejiang Lab Research Center for Healthcare Data Science Hangzhou China

ISBN: (纸本)9789811630125

Content based image retrieval (CBIR) that searches for similar images in a large database has been attracting increasing research interest recently, and it has been applied to medical image characterization for sharing experts’ experiences. One challenging task in CBIR is to extract features for effective image representation. To this end, bag-of-visual-words (BoVW) has been proven to be effective to extract middle-level features for image analysis. However, it is necessary to first vectorize the two- or three-dimensional spatial structure for analysis in conventional BoVW and then destroy the spatial relationships of nearby voxels. In this study, we propose a tensor sparse coding method, which is a multilinear generalization of conventional sparse coding (soft assignment in BoVW), to learn features from multi-dimensional medical images. We regard high-dimensional local structures as tensors and propose a K-CP (CANDECOMP/PARAFAC) algorithm to learn an overcomplete tensor dictionary iteratively. By using the learned overcomplete tensor dictionary, sparse coefficients of tensor local structures are calculated by employing the tensor orthogonal matching pursuit (Tensor-OMP) algorithm, which is an extended multilinear version of the conventional vector-based OMP. The proposed method is applied to the retrieval of focal liver lesions (FLLs) by using a medical database consisting of contrast-enhanced multi-phase computer-tomography (CT) images. Experiments show that the proposed tensor sparse coding method achieved better retrieval performance than conventional methods. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Tensors

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Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Assisted High-Speed Train Communications: Coverage Performance Analysis and Placement Optimization

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Liu, Changzhu He, Ruisi Niu, Yong Han, Zhu ai, Bo Gao, Meilin Ma, Zhangfeng Wang, Gongpu Zhong, Zhangdui The State Key Laboratory of Advanced Rail Autonomous Operation The School of Electronics and Information Engineering The Frontiers Science Center for Smart High-speed Railway System The Beijing Engineering Research Center of High-Speed Railway Broadband Mobile Communications Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing100044 China The State Key Laboratory of Advanced Rail Autonomous Operation Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing100044 China The National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Southeast University Nanjing211189 China The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Houston HoustonTX77004 United States The Department of Computer Science and Engineering Kyung Hee University Seoul446-701 Korea Republic of Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Intelligent Networking and Data Analysis Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou450001 China Research Center of Networks and Communications Peng Cheng Laboratory Shenzhen China The Tsinghua Space Center the Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology Tsinghua University Beijing100091 China The College of Information Engineering Shaoyang University Shaoyang422000 China The Beijing Key Lab of Transportation Data Analysis and Mining School of Computer and Information Technology Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing100044 China

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) emerges as maximization problem is formulated to facilitate RIS discrete an efficient and promising technology for the next wireless phase design and RIS placement optimization, which is subject generation networks and has attracted a lot of attention owing to coverage probability constraint. Simulation results validate to the capability of extending wireless coverage by reflecting that better coverage performance and higher travel distance signals toward targeted receivers. In this paper, we consider can be achieved with deployment of RIS. The impacts of some a RIS-assisted high-speed train (HST) communication system key system parameters including transmission power, signal-to-to enhance wireless coverage and improve coverage probability. noise ratio threshold, number of RIS elements, number of RIS First, coverage performance of the downlink single-input-single- quantization bits, horizontal distance between base station and output system is investigated, and the closed-form expression RIS, and speed of HST on system performance are investigated. of coverage probability is derived. Moreover, travel distance In addition, it is found that RIS can well improve coverage probability with limited power consumption for HST communications. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Railroads

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MOST DISCRIMINATIVE STIMULI FOR FUNCTIONAL CELL TYPE CLUSTERING

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Burg, Max F. Zenkel, Thomas Vystrčilová, Michaela Oesterle, Jonathan Höfling, Larissa Willeke, Konstantin F. Lause, Jan Müller, Sarah Fahey, Paul G. Ding, Zhiwei Restivo, Kelli Sridhar, Shashwat Gollisch, Tim Berens, Philipp Tolias, Andreas S. Euler, Thomas Bethge, Matthias Ecker, Alexander S. International Max Planck Research School for Intelligent Systems Tübingen Germany Institute of Computer Science University of Göttingen Campus Institute Data Science Germany Tübingen AI Center University of Tübingen Germany Institute of Ophthalmic Research University of Tübingen Germany Centre for Integrative Neuroscience University of Tübingen Germany Institute for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics Tübingen University Germany Hertie Institute for AI in Brain Health University of Tübingen Germany Department of Neuroscience Baylor College of Medicine HoustonTX United States Center for Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence Baylor College of Medicine HoustonTX United States University Medical Center Göttingen Department of Ophthalmology Germany Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Göttingen Germany University of Göttingen Germany Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University HoustonTX United States Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization Göttingen Germany

Identifying cell types and understanding their functional properties is crucial for unraveling the mechanisms underlying perception and cognition. In the retina, functional types can be identified by carefully selected stimuli, but this requires expert domain knowledge and biases the procedure towards previously known cell types. In the visual cortex, it is still unknown what functional types exist and how to identify them. Thus, for unbiased identification of the functional cell types in retina and visual cortex, new approaches are needed. Here we propose an optimization-based clustering approach using deep predictive models to obtain functional clusters of neurons using Most Discriminative Stimuli (MDS). Our approach alternates between stimulus optimization with cluster reassignment akin to an expectation-maximization algorithm. The algorithm recovers functional clusters in mouse retina, marmoset retina and macaque visual area V4. This demonstrates that our approach can successfully find discriminative stimuli across species, stages of the visual system and recording techniques. The resulting most discriminative stimuli can be used to assign functional cell types fast and on the fly, without the need to train complex predictive models or show a large natural scene dataset, paving the way for experiments that were previously limited by experimental time. Crucially, MDS are interpretable: they visualize the distinctive stimulus patterns that most unambiguously identify a specific type of neuron. © 2023, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Maximum principle

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