Like other global mass gatherings, religious pilgrimages, such as Hajj, Arba’een, and the Hindu festival Kumbh Mela, attract millions of pilgrims to gather at specific holy sites on specific dates. During disease pan...
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Like other global mass gatherings, religious pilgrimages, such as Hajj, Arba’een, and the Hindu festival Kumbh Mela, attract millions of pilgrims to gather at specific holy sites on specific dates. During disease pandemics, mass gatherings can become super spreader events, causing exponential growth of infections in multiple regions. Epidemic modeling approaches can be valuable tools for studying the impact of mass gatherings on global health during disease outbreaks. To assess the use of epidemic models at religious pilgrimages, we compile published studies that proposed epidemic models at mass religious gatherings. A review of existing epidemic models at various religious gatherings highlights the role of epidemic modeling approaches in assessing the implications of religious pilgrimages on disease pandemics. All the articles surveyed showed a link between hosting religious gatherings and an increase in the number of cases of the simulated epidemic. In addition, we found that the SEIR mathematical model was the most common type developed with variations in some of the retrieved papers. The results reported in these studies motivate further investigation of the role of epidemic modeling and simulation in estimating the size and geographic scale of infections while hosting religious gatherings. Finally, we believe that this survey paper draws attention to the application of epidemic models in the advanced planning of recurrent religious pilgrimages, as it is not feasible to cancel, suspend, or reallocate these pilgrimages. These epidemic models can provide a baseline for policymakers to determine which control measures should be implemented and when.
Online learning is a framework for the design and analysis of algorithms that build predictive models by processing data one at the time. Besides being computationally efficient, online algorithms enjoy theoretical pe...
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Online learning is a framework for the design and analysis of algorithms that build predictive models by processing data one at the time. Besides being computationally efficient, online algorithms enjoy theoretical performance guarantees that do not rely on statistical assumptions on the data source. In this review, we describe some of the most important algorithmic ideas behind online learning and explain the main mathematical tools for their analysis. Our reference framework is online convex optimization, a sequential version of convex optimization within which most online algorithms are formulated. More specifically, we provide an in-depth description of online mirror descent and follow the regularized leader, two of the most fundamental algorithms in online learning. As the tuning of parameters is a typically difficult task in sequential data analysis, in the last part of the review we focus on coin-betting, an information-theoretic approach to the design of parameter-free online algorithms with good theoretical guarantees.
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Knowledge science, engineering and Management, KSEM 2014, held in Sibiu, Romania, in October 2014. The 30 revised full papers prese...
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ISBN:
(数字)9783319120966
ISBN:
(纸本)9783319120959
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Knowledge science, engineering and Management, KSEM 2014, held in Sibiu, Romania, in October 2014. The 30 revised full papers presented together with 5 short papers and 3 keynotes were carefully selected and reviewed from 77 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on formal semantics; content and document analysis; concept and lexical analysis; clustering and classification; metamodeling and conceptual modeling; enterprise knowledge; knowledge discovery and retrieval; formal knowledge processing; ontology engineering and management; knowledge management; and hybrid knowledge systems.
In the last years, research on Web mining has reached maturity and has broadened in scope. Two different but interrelated research threads have emerged, based on the dual nature of the Web: – The Web is a practically...
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ISBN:
(数字)9783540301233
ISBN:
(纸本)9783540232582
In the last years, research on Web mining has reached maturity and has broadened in scope. Two different but interrelated research threads have emerged, based on the dual nature of the Web: – The Web is a practically in?nite collection of documents: The acquisition and - ploitation of information from these documents asks for intelligent techniques for information categorization, extraction and search, as well as for adaptivity to the interests and background of the organization or person that looks for information. – The Web is a venue for doing business electronically: It is a venue for interaction, information acquisition and service exploitation used by public authorities, n- governmental organizations, communities of interest and private persons. When observed as a venue for the achievement of business goals, a Web presence should be aligned to the objectives of its owner and the requirements of its users. This raises the demand for understandingWeb usage, combining it with other sources of knowledge inside an organization, and deriving lines of action. ThebirthoftheSemanticWebatthebeginningofthedecadeledtoacoercionofthetwo threadsintwoaspects:(i)theextractionofsemanticsfromtheWebtobuildtheSemantic Web;and(ii)theexploitationofthesesemanticstobettersupportinformationacquisition and to enhance the interaction for business and non-business purposes. Semantic Web mining encompasses both aspects from the viewpoint of knowledge discovery.
Finding knowledge – or meaning – in data is the goal of every knowledge d- covery e?ort. Subsequent goals and questions regarding this knowledge di?er amongknowledgediscovery(KD) projectsandapproaches. Onecentralque...
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ISBN:
(数字)9783540476986
ISBN:
(纸本)9783540476979
Finding knowledge – or meaning – in data is the goal of every knowledge d- covery e?ort. Subsequent goals and questions regarding this knowledge di?er amongknowledgediscovery(KD) projectsandapproaches. Onecentralquestion is whether and to what extent the meaning extracted from the data is expressed in a formal way that allows not only humans but also machines to understand and re-use it, i. e. , whether the semantics are formal semantics. Conversely, the input to KD processes di?ers between KD projects and approaches. One central questioniswhetherthebackgroundknowledge,businessunderstanding,etc. that the analyst employs to improve the results of KD is a set of natural-language statements, a theory in a formal language, or somewhere in between. Also, the data that are being mined can be more or less structured and/or accompanied by formal semantics. These questions must be asked in every KD e?ort. Nowhere may they be more pertinent, however, than in KD from Web data (“Web mining”). Thisis due especially to the vast amounts and heterogeneity of data and ba- ground knowledge available for Web mining (content, link structure, and - age), and to the re-use of background knowledge and KD results over the Web as a global knowledge repository and activity space. In addition, the (Sem- tic) Web can serve as a publishing space for the results of knowledge discovery from other resources, especially if the whole process is underpinned by common ontologies.
Most contemporary work on magnetic tunnel junctions either consider ballistic quantum transport across the tunneling barrer, for instance via the Non Equilibrium Green's Function (NEGF) formalism, or treat the tun...
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It is with great pleasure that we welcome you all to the proceedings of the 2nd InternationalSymposiumonVisualComputing(ISVC2006)heldinLakeTahoe. Followinga successfulmeeting lastyear,wewitnesseda muchstrongerandmore ...
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ISBN:
(数字)9783540486312
ISBN:
(纸本)9783540486282
It is with great pleasure that we welcome you all to the proceedings of the 2nd InternationalSymposiumonVisualComputing(ISVC2006)heldinLakeTahoe. Followinga successfulmeeting lastyear,wewitnesseda muchstrongerandmore productive event this year. ISVC o?ers a common umbrella for the four main areas of visual computing including vision, graphics, visualization, and virtual reality. Its goal is to provide a forum for researchers, scientists, engineers and practitionersthroughouttheworldtopresenttheirlatestresearch?ndings,ideas, developments and applications in the broader area of visual computing. This year, the program consisted of 13 oral sessions, one poster session, ten special tracks, and six keynote presentations. The response to the call for - pers was very strong. We received more than twice the papers received last year. Speci?cally, we received over 280 submissions for the main symposium from which we accepted 65 papers for oral presentation (23% acceptance) and 56 papers for poster presentation (20% acceptance). Special track papers were solicited separately through the Organizing and Program Committees of each track. A total of 57 papers were accepted for presentation in the special tracks. All papers were reviewed with an emphasis on potential to contribute to the state of the art in the ?eld. Selection criteria included accuracy and originality of ideas, clarity and signi?cance of results, and presentation quality. The review process was quite rigorous, involving two to three independent blind reviews followed by several days of discussion. During the discussion period we tried to correct anomalies and errors that might have existed in the initial reviews.
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