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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： Yulin Yang Jing Liu Qingqing Chen Yinhao Li Xian-Hua Han Hongjie Hu Lanfen Lin Yen-Wei Chen Gradate School of Information Science and Engineering Ritsumeikan University Shiga Japan Research Center for Healthcare Data Science Zhejiang Lab. Hangzhou China Department of Radiology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China College of Information Science and Engineering Ritsumeikan University Shiga Japan Artificial Intelligence Research Center Yamaguchi University Yamaguchi Japan College of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang University Hangzhou China

ISBN: (数字)9798350371499

ISBN: (纸本)9798350371505

In contrast to non-contrast computed tomography (NC-CT) scans, contrast-enhanced (CE) CT scans can highlight discrepancies between abnormal and normal areas, commonly used in clinical diagnosis of focal liver lesions. However, the use of contrast agents in CE-CT scans imposes significant physical and economic burdens on patients in clinical practice. Recently, Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs)-based synthesis models offer an alternative approach that obtains CE-CT images from NC-CT images. However, poor coverage and mode collapse greatly limit their performance. Diffusion models (DMs)-based methods have demonstrated superior performance in natural image synthesis tasks. Nevertheless, our experiment shows that CE-CT images synthesized from DMs-based method exhibit higher overall quality but lower local quality. The quality of local areas, particularly those related to lesion areas, is crucial in medical image synthesis tasks. Hence, we propose a GANs-guided conditional diffusion model (GANs-CDM), combining the GANs and conditional diffusion model (CDM), to generate CECT images. In the proposed GANs-CDM, the GANs is to generate a preliminary CE-CT image, serving as conditional input for guiding the subsequent CDM to produce refined CE-CT images. Qualitative and quantitative evaluation on arterial and portal venous phase synthesis tasks demonstrates that our proposed GANs-CDM can significantly improve both the local and global quality of synthetic images.

关键词： Economics Image synthesis Computed tomography Biological system modeling Liver Diffusion models Generative adversarial networks Lesions Portals Medical diagnostic imaging

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Deep Kernel Embedded Clustering Network

SSRN

引用

SSRN 2024年

作者： Ren, Lina Huang, Ruizhang Chen, Yanping Lin, Chuan Qin, Yongbin State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data Text Computing and Cognitive Intelligence Engineering Research Center of National Education Ministry College of Computer Science and Technology Guizhou University Guiyang550025 China Department of Information Engineering Guizhou Light Industry Technical College Guiyang550025 China

In this paper, we propose a deep kernel embedded clustering network, namely DKEC, which learns data partitions with kernelized semantic embeddings of data samples via a self-supervised deep neural network. A kernelized semantic embedding learner is designed to learn high quality data representations, which not only capture the data semantic characteristics but also show good structural separable characteristics. Other than directly apply traditional predefined kernel mapping methods, the kernelized semantic embedding learner, investigated by a deep variational Gaussian process, is able to learn the kernel mapping according to the nature of various datasets automatically, while maintain reasonable computational complexity. The DKEC, which is an end-to-end deep clustering network, is invested based on the kernelized semantic embedding learner. A triplet self-supervised optimization objective is designed in the DKEC model to guide the clustering partition, the separable factor of the kernelized semantic embedding, and the data reconstruction factor of the kernelized semantic embedding, simultaneously. We conducted extensive experiments on $ 7 $ real-world datasets. The results unequivocally showcase the exceptional clustering performance of the proposed DKEC. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Deep neural networks

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Leveraging ASR Pretrained Conformers for Speaker Verification through Transfer Learning and Knowledge Distillation

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Cai, Danwei Li, Ming The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Duke University DurhamNC27705 United States The Suzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Multimodal Intelligent Systems Data Science Research Center Duke Kunshan University Kunshan China

This paper focuses on the application of Conformers in speaker verification. Conformers, initially designed for Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR), excel at modeling both local and global contexts within speech signals effectively. Previous research has established that ASR and speaker verification tasks can naturally complement each other. Building on this synergistic relationship, this study introduces three strategies for leveraging ASR-pretrained Conformers in speaker verification: (1) Transfer learning: We use a pretrained ASR Conformer encoder to initialize the speaker embedding network, thereby enhancing model generalization and mitigating the risk of overfitting. (2) Knowledge distillation: We distill the complex capabilities of an ASR Conformer into a speaker verification model. This not only allows for flexibility in the student mode's network architecture but also incorporates frame-level ASR distillation loss as an auxiliary task to reinforce speaker verification. (3) Parameter-efficient transfer learning with speaker adaptation: A lightweight speaker adaptation module is proposed to convert ASR-derived features into speaker-specific embeddings, without altering the core architecture of the original ASR Conformer. This strategy facilitates the concurrent execution of ASR and speaker verification tasks within a singular model. Experiments were conducted on VoxCeleb datasets. The results are compelling: models employing ASR pretraining and knowledge distillation significantly outperform standard Conformers. Specifically, the best model using the ASR pretraining method achieved a 0.43% equal error rate (EER) on the VoxCeleb1-O test trial, while the knowledge distillation approach yielded a 0.38% EER. Furthermore, by adding a mere 4.92 million parameters to a 130.94 million-parameter ASR Conformer encoder, the speaker adaptation approach achieved a 0.45% EER, enabling parallel speech recognition and speaker verification within a single ASR Conformer encoder.

关键词： Transfer learning

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Two-Stream Regression Network for Dental Implant Position Prediction

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Yang, Xinquan Li, Xuguang Li, Xuechen Chen, Wenting Shen, Linlin Li, Xin Deng, Yongqiang College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen China AI Research Center for Medical Image Analysis and Diagnosis Shenzhen University Shenzhen China National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data System Computing Technology Shenzhen University China Department of Stomatology Shenzhen University General Hospital Shenzhen China Department of Electrical Engineering City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong

In implant prosthesis treatment, the design of surgical guide requires lots of manual labors and is prone to subjective variations. When deep learning based methods has started to be applied to address this problem, the space between teeth are various and some of them might present similar texture characteristic with the actual implant region. Both problems make a big challenge for the implant position prediction. In this paper, we develop a two-stream implant position regression framework (TSIPR), which consists of an implant region detector (IRD) and a multi-scale patch embedding regression network (MSPENet), to address this issue. For the training of IRD, we extend the original annotation to provide additional supervisory information, which contains much more rich characteristic and do not introduce extra labeling costs. A multi-scale patch embedding module is designed for the MSPENet to adaptively extract features from the images with various tooth spacing. The global-local feature interaction block is designed to build the encoder of MSPENet, which combines the transformer and convolution for enriched feature representation. During inference, the RoI mask extracted from the IRD is used to refine the prediction results of the MSPENet. Extensive experiments on a dental implant dataset through five-fold cross-validation demonstrated that the proposed TSIPR achieves superior performance than existing methods. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Embeddings

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Understanding the Bad Development Practices of Android Custom Permissions in the Wild

引用

IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing 2025年

作者： Zhang, Xiaohan Yu, Zhiyuan Li, Xinghua Zhang, Cen Sun, Cong Zhang, Ning Deng, Robert H. Xidian University State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks School of Cyber Engineering Xi'an710071 China Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Big data Security China Washington University in St. Louis Department of Computer Science and Engineering St. LouisMO63130 United States Nanyang Technological University 639798 Singapore Singapore Management University 188065 Singapore

Android system provides application developers with the ability to define custom permissions, which serve to regulate the sharing of resources and functionalities with other applications. However, developers' improper development practices can render the permission mechanism ineffective, facilitating easy exploitation by attackers. This paper presents a comprehensive examination of the problematic practices surrounding custom permissions employed by developers, referred to as Bad Practices of Custom Permissions (BPCP issues). To accomplish this, we conducted an empirical study and identified nine common BPCP issue patterns that can lead to various adverse consequences, such as installation failures, crashes, and even component hijacking. To automatically identify these patterns of bad practices, we devised PERMEAGRE, a static analysis tool. Employing PERMEAGRE, we performed a large-scale analysis of 83,085 applications obtained from seven major app markets, aiming to detect instances of BPCP issues. The results revealed that more than 26% of the analyzed apps contained at least one issue, and a significant number of apps had garnered millions of downloads. Our analysis delved into the underlying causes of these issues. Consequently, this analysis sheds light on the potential threat landscape associated with bad practices in custom permissions, emphasizing the urgent requirement for effective mitigation strategies. © 2004-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Android custom permission empirical study static analysis

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Identification of Clinical Features Associated with Mortality in COVID-19 Patients

引用

Operations research Forum 2023年第1期4卷 16页

作者： Eskandarian, Rahimeh Alizadehsani, Roohallah Behjati, Mohaddeseh Zahmatkesh, Mehrdad Sani, Zahra Alizadeh Haddadi, Azadeh Kakhi, Kourosh Roshanzamir, Mohamad Shoeibi, Afshin Hussain, Sadiq Khozeimeh, Fahime Darbandy, Mohammad Tayarani Joloudari, Javad Hassannataj Lashgari, Reza Khosravi, Abbas Nahavandi, Saeid Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Internal Medicine Research Center Semnan University of Medical Sciences Semnan Iran Institute for Intelligent Systems Research and Innovation (IISRI) Deakin University Victoria Australia Rajaei Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Omid Hospital Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Biology Faculty of Basic Sciences Shahrekord Branch Islamic Azad University Shahrekord Iran Department of Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering Fasa University Fasa 74617-81189 Iran Data Science and Computational Intelligence Institute University of Granada Granada Spain System Administrator Dibrugarh University Assam 786004 India School of Architecture Islamic Azad University Taft Taft *** Iran Department of Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Birjand Birjand Iran Department of Computer Engineering Amol Institute of Higher Education Amol Iran Institute of Medical Science and Technology Shahid Beheshti University Tehran Iran School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard Paulson Harvard University Allston 02134 MA United States Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences Deakin University Geelong 3220 VIC Australia Cardiovascular Division The George Institute for Global Health Newtown Australia Sydney Medical School University of Sydney Camperdown Australia

Understanding clinical features and risk factors associated with COVID-19 mortality is needed to early identify critically ill patients, initiate treatments and prevent mortality. A retrospective study on COVID-19 patients referred to a tertiary hospital in Iran between March and November 2020 was conducted. COVID-19-related mortality and its association with clinical features including headache, chest pain, symptoms on computerized tomography (CT), hospitalization, time to infection, history of neurological disorders, having a single or multiple risk factors, fever, myalgia, dizziness, seizure, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and anorexia were investigated. Based on the investigation outcome, decision tree and dimension reduction algorithms were used to identify the aforementioned risk factors. Of the 3008 patients (mean age 59.3 ± 18.7 years, 44% women) with COVID-19, 373 died. There was a significant association between COVID-19 mortality and old age, headache, chest pain, low respiratory rate, oxygen saturation < 93%, need for a mechanical ventilator, having symptoms on CT, hospitalization, time to infection, neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases and having a risk factor or multiple risk factors. In contrast, there was no significant association between mortality and gender, fever, myalgia, dizziness, seizure, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and anorexia. Our results might help identify early symptoms related to COVID-19 and better manage patients according to the extracted decision tree. The proposed ML models identified a number of clinical features and risk factors associated with mortality in COVID-19 patients. These models if implemented in a clinical setting might help to early identify patients needing medical attention and care. However, more studies are needed to confirm these findings. © 2023, The Author(s).

关键词： COVID‐19 Machine learning Mortality Risk factors Symptoms

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DiGAN Breakthrough: Advancing diabetic data analysis with innovative GAN-based imbalance correction techniques

引用

computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine Update 2024年 5卷

作者： Zhao, Puyang Liu, Xinhui Yue, Zhiyi Zhao, Qianyu Liu, Xinzhi Deng, Yuhui Wu, Jingjin Department of Biostatistics The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston TX United States Department of Statistics The London School of Economics and Political Science London United Kingdom Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Duke University Durham NC United States School of Physics Southeast University Nanjing China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Research and Application for Data Science Department of Statistics and Data Science BNU-HKBU United International College Zhuhai China

In the rapidly evolving field of medical diagnostics, the challenge of imbalanced datasets, particularly in diabetes classification, calls for innovative solutions. The study introduces DiGAN, a groundbreaking approach that leverages the power of Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) to revolutionize diabetes data analysis. Marking a significant departure from traditional methods, DiGAN applies GANs, typically seen in image processing, to the realm of diabetes data. This novel application is complemented by integrating the unsupervised Laplacian Score for sophisticated feature selection. The pioneering approach not only surpasses the limitations of existing techniques but also sets a new benchmark in classification accuracy with a 90% weighted F1-score, achieving a remarkable improvement of over 20% compared to conventional methods. Additionally, DiGAN demonstrates superior performance over popular SMOTE-based methods in handling extremely imbalanced datasets. This research, focusing on the integrated use of Laplacian Score, GAN, and Random Forest, stands at the forefront of diabetic classification, offering a uniquely effective and innovative solution to the long-standing data imbalance issue in medical diagnostics. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： Correction techniques Diabetes GAN Imbalanced classification Laplacian score

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Jointly Optimizing Power Allocation and Device Association for Robust IoT Networks under Infeasible Circumstances

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2024年

作者： Tung, Nguyen Xuan Van Chien, Trinh Hoang, Dinh Thai Hwang, Won Joo Department of Information Convergence Engineering Pusan National University Busan46241 Korea Republic of Viet Nam School of Electrical and Data Engineering University of Technology Sydney SydneyNSW2007 Australia School of Computer Science and Engineering Center for Artificial Intelligence Research Pusan National University Busan46241 Korea Republic of

Jointly optimizing power allocation and device association is crucial in Internet-of-Things (IoT) networks to ensure devices achieve their data throughput requirements. Device association, which assigns IoT devices to specific access points (APs), critically impacts resource allocation. Many existing works often assume all data throughput requirements are satisfied, which is impractical given resource limitations and diverse demands. When requirements cannot be met, the system becomes infeasible, causing congestion and degraded performance. To address this problem, we propose a novel framework to enhance IoT system robustness by solving two problems, comprising maximizing the number of satisfied IoT devices and jointly maximizing both the number of satisfied devices and total network throughput. These objectives often conflict under infeasible circumstances, necessitating a careful balance. We thus propose a modified branch-and-bound (BB)-based method to solve the first problem. An iterative algorithm is proposed for the second problem that gradually increases the number of satisfied IoT devices and improves the total network throughput. We employ a logarithmic approximation for a lower bound on data throughput and design a fixed-point algorithm for power allocation, followed by a coalition game-based method for device association. Numerical results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm, serving fewer devices than the BB-based method but with faster running time and higher total throughput. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Approximation algorithms

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Cooperative and Competitive Functional Connectivity Based on Improved Ising Model

Cooperative and Competitive Functional Connectivity Based on...

引用

International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： Gengqian Wei Chuang Liang Tülay Adali Rongtao Jiang Daoqiang Zhang Vince D. Calhoun Shile Qi Department of Artificial Intelligence Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing China Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering University of Maryland Baltimore Maryland USA Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging Yale University New Haven CT USA Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS) Georgia State University Atlanta GA USA

ISBN: (数字)9798350368741

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368758

As a highly interconnected complex network system, the brain exhibits changes in interactions due to common brain disorders. Studying changes in brain network interactions can help us quantitatively analyze functional network patterns and changes in these patterns that are linked to brain disorders. However, relationships between brain regions estimated by most current approaches use a single connectivity that does not fully reflect multiple interactions. Here, we propose a novel functional connectivity (FC) construction method, which can estimate both cooperative and competitive (C-C) relationships between the same regions of interest (ROIs) through improved Ising model. We redefine the Ising dynamic equation to represent pairwise interactions from single to C-C relationships. Results show that the estimated C-C connectivities are normally distributed, with intra-subjects’ (n=970) similarity being consistently and significantly higher than inter-subjects’ similarity across datasets. C-C FCs between occipital, parietal, temporal cortex and the limbic system of schizophrenia (SZ, n=178) are more competitive, while healthy control (HC, n=219) tends to be more cooperative. Group differences in C-C patterns between SZ and HC show significant differences in frontal, parietal and occipital regions. The proposed C-C approach provide new insights into the brain dysfunction in SZ, which can also be applied to investigate other brain disorders.

关键词： Complex networks Signal processing Schizophrenia Brain modeling Mathematical models Limbic system Acoustics Reliability Speech processing

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Reference-Guided Parallel Independent Component Analysis: Estimating Cognition Associated Multimodal Patterns In Schizophrenia

Reference-Guided Parallel Independent Component Analysis: Es...

引用

International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： Jingxian Hu Chuang Liang Tülay Adali Qi Zhu Daoqiang Zhang Rongtao Jiang Vince D. Calhoun Shile Qi Department of Artificial Intelligence Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing China Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering University of Maryland Baltimore MD USA Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging Yale School of Medicine New Haven USA Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS) Georgia State University Atlanta GA USA

ISBN: (数字)9798350368741

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368758

Multimodal fusion provides cross-modality information to understand the human brain from different perspectives that may be missed in single modality analysis. Supervised fusion focuses on extracting multimodal patterns related to specific clinical measures by further incorporating a prior interested reference. However, existing supervised fusion methods cannot extract component that have weak correlations with the reference, which may be lost during the optimization process. Here, we propose a reference-guided parallel independent component analysis (RG-PICA) aiming at identifying multimodal covarying features related to interested reference through global optimization. The intra-modality independence, the inter-modality correlation, and the correlation between modalities and the reference are maximized globally. Simulations show that RG-PICA can accurately extract multimodal features correlated with the weak related reference while keeping cross-modality linkage comparing with seven fusion methods. In real data application, RG-PICA reveals co-varying patterns in schizophrenia (SZ) that links with cognition and correlates between modalities. These results demonstrate RG-PICA can jointly optimize for target components that correlate with the reference while keeping cross-modality linkage. This approach can improve the meaningful detection of reliable reference-linked multimodal brain patterns for brain disorders.

关键词： Couplings Analytical models Correlation Independent component analysis Schizophrenia Feature extraction Brain modeling Cognition data mining Optimization

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