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CACBL-Net: a lightweight skin cancer detection system for portable diagnostic devices using deep learning based channel attention and adaptive class balanced focal loss function

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Multimedia Tools and applications 2025年第14期84卷 12877-12900页

作者： Agrawal, Rishi Gupta, Neeraj Jalal, Anand Singh Department of Computer Engineering & Applications GLA University Mathura India

Accurate skin disease detection is one of the most challenging tasks due to high-class imbalance and limited labeled datasets. Recently Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) with ensemble learning has achieved significant popularity in skin cancer classification. However, implementing DCNN models with ensemble learning is not feasible for deployment on portable diagnostic devices due to the limitation in computing resources and computing time. This paper proposes a Channel Attention and Adaptive Class Balanced Focal Loss function based lightweight Deep CNN model (CACBL-Net) for handling the issues of data imbalance and limited computing resources of portable diagnostic devices, such as mobile phones or tablets. Channel attention explores interdependencies between channels by recalibrating channel-wise feature responses. To deal with the issue of high-class imbalance, the proposed method used an adaptive class balance focal loss function which can quickly concentrate the model on complex cases while automatically downweighting the contribution of easy examples during training. The proposed CACBL-Net is validated on three popular skin cancer datasets which are HAM-10000, PAD-UFES-20, and MED-NODE. Dermoscopic, non-dermoscopic and smartphone images are taken from all three datasets for experimental work. The quantitative findings indicate that the proposed CACBL-Net model achieved a sensitivity of 90.60%, 91.88%, and 91.31% for the HAM-10000, PAD-UFES-20, and MED-NODE datasets, respectively. Additionally, the average prediction time per patient was recorded at 0.006, 0.010, and 0.011 s. These results demonstrate superior performance compared to other state-of-the-art deep learning models. The experimental finding suggested that the proposed method can achieve a significant performance at a low cost of computational resources and inference time, which makes it potentially feasible for deployment in portable diagnostic devices for automated diagnosis of skin lesions.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Physiological biometric image quality assessment -a review

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Multimedia Tools and applications 2025年 1-35页

作者： Choudhary, Parul Pathak, Pooja Gupta, Phalguni Department of Computer Engineering & Applications GLA University U.P Mathura India

This paper makes a literature survey on biometric image quality assessment (BIQA) techniques focusing on physiological traits. It covers a wide range of methodologies, metrics and evaluation techniques. Objective image quality assessment (IQA) methods primarily focus on quantifying image quality using computational algorithms, while subjective IQA methods rely on human observers to provide quality ratings based on visual perception. The paper categorises the existing IQA techniques based on their characteristics and applications. It explores different types of distortion models, such as noise, blur, compression artefacts, and colour inconsistencies that are commonly encountered in digital images. Additionally, it investigates the influence of various factors on image quality, including image content, context and viewer preferences. The survey concludes by summarising the key findings and identifying the current trends and future directions in BIQA research. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Biometrics

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Seizure Prediction on EEG Signals using Feature Augmentation based Multi Model Ensemble

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Recent Patents on engineering 2025年第1期19卷 41-49页

作者： Anandaraj, A. Alphonse, P.J.A. Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sri Eshwar College of Engineering Coimbatore India Department of Computer Applications National Institute of Technology Tamilnadu Tiruchirappalli India

Background: Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that leads to seizures. This occurs due to excessive electrical discharge by the brain cells. An effective seizure prediction model can aid in improving the lifestyle of epilepsy patients. After analyzing various patents related to seizure prediction, it is observed that monitoring electroencephalography (EEG) signals of epileptic patients is an important task for the early diagnosis of seizures. Objective: The main objective of this paper is to assist epileptic patients to enhance their way of living by predicting the seizure in advance. Methods: This paper builds a feature augmentation-based multi-model ensemble-based architecture for seizure prediction. The proposed technique is divided into 2 broad categories;feature augmentation and ensemble modeling. The feature augmentation process builds temporal features while the multi-model ensemble has been designed to handle the high complexity levels of the EEG data. The first phase of the multi-model ensemble has been designed with heterogeneous classifier models. The second phase is based on the prediction results obtained from the first phase. Experiments were performed using the seizure prediction dataset from the University Hospital of Bonn. Results: Comparison indicates 98.7% accuracy, with improvement of 5% from the existing model. High prediction levels indicate that the model is highly capable of providing accurate seizure predictions, hence ensuring its applicability in real time. Conclusion: The result of this paper has been compared with existing methods of predicting seizures and it indicated that the proposed model has better enhancement in the accuracy levels. © 2025 Bentham Science Publishers.

关键词： Electroencephalography

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Robust Image Forgery Localization Using Hybrid CNN-Transformer Synergy Based Framework

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computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第3期82卷 4691-4708页

作者： Sachin Sharma Brajesh Kumar Singh Hitendra Garg Department of Computer Science Abdul Kalam Technical UniversityLucknow226031India Department of Computer Engineering & Applications GLA UniversityMathura281406India Department of Computer Science Raja Balwant Singh Engineering Technical CampusAgra283105India

Image tampering detection and localization have emerged as a critical domain in combating the pervasive issue of image manipulation due to the advancement of the large-scale availability of sophisticated image editing *** manual forgery localization is often reliant on forensic *** recent times,machine learning(ML)and deep learning(DL)have shown promising results in automating image forgery ***,the ML-based method relies on hand-crafted ***,the DL method automatically extracts shallow spatial features to enhance the ***,DL-based methods lack the global co-relation of the features due to this performance degradation noticed in several *** the proposed study,we designed FLTNet(forgery localization transformer network)with a CNN(convolution neural network)encoder and transformer-based *** encoder extracts local high-dimensional features,and the transformer provides the global co-relation of the *** the decoder,we have exclusively utilized a CNN to upsample the features that generate tampered mask ***,we evaluated visual and quantitative performance on three standard datasets and comparison with six state-of-the-art *** IoU values of the proposed method on CASIA V1,CASIA V2,and CoMoFoD datasets are 0.77,0.82,and 0.84,*** addition,the F1-scores of these three datasets are 0.80,0.84,and 0.86,***,the visual results of the proposed method are clean and contain rich information,which can be used for real-time forgery *** code used in the study can be accessed through URL:https://***/ajit2k5/Forgery-Localization(accessed on 21 January 2025).

关键词： Image tampering convolution neural network(CNN) hybrid transformer localization

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Classifying the state of knowledge-based question answering: patterns, progress, and prospects

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International Journal of computers and applications 2025年第1期47卷 93-105页

作者： Sharma, Sumit Jain, Sarika Tiwari, Mukesh Kumar lal, Sohan Department of Computer Science and Engineering Quantum University Roorkee Uttarakhand Roorkee India Department of Computer Applications National Institute of Technology Haryana Kurukshetra India

In response to inquiries posed in natural languages, question-answering systems (QASs) produce responses. The capabilities of early QASs are limited because they were designed for certain domains. The current generation of QASs focuses on the types of inquiries that users typically enquire, the features of the data sources that are used, and the formats in which the right responses are produced. Many QASs have been developed since the 1960s when research on the subject first started. There are several cutting-edge frameworks for answering questions that can be used to categorize the QA system according to a number of criteria. The necessity for an extensive survey on QASs comes naturally in order to determine the future focus of research in this field. In this study, QASs are analyzed by the number of criteria used to categorize question-answering (QA) and provide the dimension using a variety of standards to cover all the QAS. We describe the current state of research in each QAS area and make recommendations for its future direction. Based on the dimension criteria outlined in the research methodology, research studies are chosen for additional review and comparison. Constructed some criteria to classify the QASs, we provide the classification and go over the benefits and drawbacks of each class's QAS, as well as the problems with the corresponding study. Results are detailed summarized and compared. As a result of this study, a general architecture of frameworks for QA over knowledge base (KB) is drawn in addition to the comparative analysis of systems, serving as a reference for academics working on related topics. © 2024 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

关键词： Question answering

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CNN-DBO: Dung Beetle Optimization Based Urban Area Change Detection Using Satellite Images

CNN-DBO: Dung Beetle Optimization Based Urban Area Change De...

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2025 IEEE International Conference on Computational, Communication and Information Technology, ICCCIT 2025

作者： Pujari, Jambukeshwar Wasim, Javed Tripathi, Aprna Mangalayatan University Department of Computer Engineering and Applications Aligarh20221385 India Mangalayatan University Department of Computer Engineering and Applications Aligarh India Manipal University Department of Data Science Engineering Jaipur India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331512965

In recent years, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have garnered a significant deal of interest for their ability to detect changes in metropolitan areas. One of the uses of change detection in satellite photographs is in the field of urban planning. Other applications include environmental monitoring and remote surveillance. A number of different approaches have been suggested in recent times for the purpose of automatically identifying alterations in the land cover based on GIS photographs. However, due to poor texture, cluttered context, and considerable object scale disparities, the convolutional neural network (CNN) method is only partially successful in capturing the context from geographic information systems (GISs). This is despite the fact that it remains an effective method for detecting change in urban environments. The article presents the construction of a CNN-based change detection model using the utilization of Dung Beetle Optimization (DBO). The DBO algorithm is used to adjust the loss parameter in order to increase the overall performance. The approach that was proposed makes use of the Onera satellite data set and displays an overall accuracy of 97.50% percent. In light of this, it appears that the strategy that is proposed is both very efficient and effective. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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A Secure Healthcare Monitoring System for Disease Diagnosis in the IoT Environment

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Multimedia Tools and applications 2025年第7期84卷 3767-3792页

作者： Verma, Ankit Gupta, Amit Kumar Kumar, Vipin Rajak, Akash Kumar, Sushil Panda, Rabi Narayan Department of Computer Applications KIET Group of Institutions Delhi-NCR Ghaziabad India Computer Science & Engineering KIET Group of Institutions Ghaziabad Delhi-NCR India

People who lead hectic lives daily suffer from a variety of illnesses, including diabetes, high blood pressure, hypertension, etc. For someone to survive, they must become aware of these illnesses promptly. The Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud computing are the two critical prerequisites for digital healthcare. In the present research, the attacked data are detected and removed using the security module to enhance the security of the healthcare system. However, an accurate prediction mechanism is needed for the early diagnosis of the diseases. To predict the sickness and its severity more accurately, a unique Dragon Fly-based Generalised Approximate Reasoning Intelligence Control (DF-GARIC) is devised in this article. This system was primarily responsible for preprocessing the cloud medical records entered into the system. Additionally, the regression algorithm extracts the relevant features. Based on the retrieved features, the dragonfly function is used to classify the disease and estimate its severity. Subsequently, a warning is given to the providers for the abnormal condition via SMS or e-mail. The system validated a higher accuracy level of 99.8% from the MATLAB execution. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Internet of things

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Prediction of Cryptocurrency Price Using Deep Learning

Prediction of Cryptocurrency Price Using Deep Learning

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2025 International Conference on Multi-Agent Systems for Collaborative Intelligence, ICMSCI 2025

作者： Rahunathan, L. Suhana Nafais, A. Rivitha, S. Saran, K. Kumari, Swetha Kongu Engineering College Department of Computer Applications Tamil Nadu Perundurai638060 India Sona College of Technology Department of Computer Applications Salem India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331509828

Cryptocurrencies have gained popularity since the launch of virtual currencies like Bitcoin, Ethereum, and many more. Because of their extreme volatility, the cryptocurrency markets present both opportunities and challenges for traders and investors. In this volatile market, accurate cryptocurrency price prediction is essential for making wise investment choices. In this research, created a ground-breaking deep learning-based technique for forecasting bitcoin values. LSTM, GRU, Random Forest Regressor (RFR), and Super Vector Regressor (SVR) are a few of the deep learning algorithms that are used. The proposed model considers a number of elements that may have an impact on the value of cryptocurrencies, including historical price information, trading volume, market mood, and technical signals. In this research cross model is suggested that combines LSTM and GRU for the accurate prediction. Based on the results of evaluation measures such RMSE, MAE, MSE, R-Square Error, and Variance Regression Score, the optimal model is selected. In comparison to previous deep learning models, the hybrid model of LSTM+GRU has performed well in price prediction, according to the results of evaluation metrics. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Prediction models

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Chi-Square Target Encoding for Categorical Data Representation: A Real-World Sensor Data Case Study

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SN computer Science 2025年第3期6卷 1-22页

作者： Anitha, M. Savarimuthu, Nickolas Bhanu, S. Mary Saira Department of Computer Applications National Institute of Technology Trichy India Department of Computer Science and Engineering National Institute of Technology Trichy India

Feature engineering is critical for improving machine learning performance (ML), especially when handling categorical data. Traditional encoding methods, such as one-hot and label encoding, often result in challenges like high dimensionality and loss of category significance. To address these limitations, this study introduces a novel Chi-Square Target Encoding (CSTE) approach, which transforms categorical variables into numerical representations by leveraging the chi-square statistic to evaluate the association between categories and the target variable, preserving information effectively. Unlike conventional techniques, CSTE uses Chi-square test values to generate target-based encoded representations, ensuring reliable transformation without information loss. Comprehensive empirical evaluations were conducted on various datasets for binary classification, showcasing CSTE’s superiority over methods like regularized target encoding, basic target encoding, and fuzzification. A case study on real-world sensor data further validated its efficiency and scalability for large-scale data-driven applications. The proposed CSTE method achieved an average increment rate of 3.9447%, surpassing one-hot and fuzzification (1.0430%) and regularized target encoding (1.8308%). Classification outcomes demonstrated F1-scores exceeding 0.90 and AUC values nearing 0.99 across diverse datasets, highlighting its robustness. Furthermore, the reduced dimensionality significantly enhanced inference time while maintaining high accuracy. The CSTE method offers a robust framework for categorical data transformation, addressing limitations of traditional encoding techniques. It improves the interpretability and efficiency of categorical data representation, boosting ML performance. This innovative approach is well-suited for applications across various domains involving categorical data. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Categorical data encoding Chi- Square statistics Data distribution preservation Feature engineering Machine learning Target encoding

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IoT Based Agricultural Monitoring and Alert System 4

IoT Based Agricultural Monitoring and Alert System

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4th International Conference on Sentiment Analysis and Deep Learning, ICSADL 2025

作者： Priya, V Vishnu Nisanth, G. Dhanushree, D. Sindhu, M. Varshini, T. Preteka, A.T. Kongu Engineering College Department of Computer Science and Engineering Perundurai India Kongu Engineering College Department of Computer Applications Perundurai India Kongu Engineering College Department of Computer Technology Perundurai India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331523923

The goal of this project is to implement an Internet of Things (IoT)-based Agricultural Monitoring & Alert System (AMAS) that will integrate multiple sensors to continuously monitor agricultural parameters, such as soil moisture levels, soil temperature, water levels, irrigation pump operation status, and water quality, to improve precision farming practices. Enabling farmers to make well-informed decisions, maximize resources, and enhance crop output in real time is the primary objective of the AMAS system. The challenges of using IoT for agricultural monitoring, include issues with adoption among farmers, dependable technology, efficient data administration, and connectivity. Small-scale farmers' financial hardship and rural areas' restricted access to technology. Many obstacles stand in the way of the widespread adoption of IoT-based agricultural monitoring systems, such as smallscale farmers' limited financial resources, rural communities' restricted access to technology, and problems with connectivity, dependable data handling, and system scalability. Machine learning-based prediction models and IoT-integrated smart irrigation are two recent approaches that have showed promise in tackling these issues, but they still face obstacles such high implementation costs, technical complexity, and infrastructure dependence. By improving yields, increasing output, and facilitating remote monitoring, the AMAS system seeks to overcome these limits while taking into account the unique requirements and limitations of farmers. This study plan to enhance productivity, optimize yield, and implement remote monitoring. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Soil moisture

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