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xCViT:Improved Vision Transformer Network with Fusion of CNN and Xception for Skin Disease Recognition with Explainable AI

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computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第4期83卷 1367-1398页

作者： Armughan Ali Hooria Shahbaz Robertas Damaševicius Department of Electrical Engineering Wah Engineering CollegeUniversity of WahWah Cantt47040Pakistan Department of Computer Science HITEC UniversityTaxila47080Pakistan Department of Applied Informatics Vytautas Magnus UniversityKaunas44309Lithuania

Skin cancer is the most prevalent cancer globally,primarily due to extensive exposure to Ultraviolet(UV)*** identification of skin cancer enhances the likelihood of effective treatment,as delays may lead to severe tumor *** study proposes a novel hybrid deep learning strategy to address the complex issue of skin cancer diagnosis,with an architecture that integrates a Vision Transformer,a bespoke convolutional neural network(CNN),and an Xception *** were evaluated using two benchmark datasets,HAM10000 and Skin Cancer *** the HAM10000,the model achieves a precision of 95.46%,an accuracy of 96.74%,a recall of 96.27%,specificity of 96.00%and an F1-Score of 95.86%.It obtains an accuracy of 93.19%,a precision of 93.25%,a recall of 92.80%,a specificity of 92.89%and an F1-Score of 93.19%on the Skin Cancer ISIC *** findings demonstrate that the model that was proposed is robust and trustworthy when it comes to the classification of skin *** addition,the utilization of Explainable AI techniques,such as Grad-CAM visualizations,assists in highlighting the most significant lesion areas that have an impact on the decisions that are made by the model.

关键词： Skin lesions vision transformer CNN Xception deep learning network fusion explainable AI Grad-CAM skin cancer detection

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Addressing Imbalance in Health Datasets: A New Method NR-Clustering SMOTE and Distance Metric Modification

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computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第2期82卷 2931-2949页

作者： Hairani Hairani Triyanna Widiyaningtyas Didik Dwi Prasetya Afrig Aminuddin Department of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Faculty of EngineeringUniversitas Negeri MalangMalang65145Indonesia Department of Computer Science Universitas BumigoraMataram83127Indonesia Department of Computer Graphic and Multimedia Faculty of ComputingCollege of Computing and Applied SciencesUniversiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan AbdullahPekan26600Malaysia

An imbalanced dataset often challenges machine learning, particularly classification methods. Underrepresented minority classes can result in biased and inaccurate models. The Synthetic Minority Over-Sampling Technique (SMOTE) was developed to address the problem of imbalanced data. Over time, several weaknesses of the SMOTE method have been identified in generating synthetic minority class data, such as overlapping, noise, and small disjuncts. However, these studies generally focus on only one of SMOTE’s weaknesses: noise or overlapping. Therefore, this study addresses both issues simultaneously by tackling noise and overlapping in SMOTE-generated data. This study proposes a combined approach of filtering, clustering, and distance modification to reduce noise and overlapping produced by SMOTE. Filtering removes minority class data (noise) located in majority class regions, with the k-nn method applied for filtering. The use of Noise Reduction (NR), which removes data that is considered noise before applying SMOTE, has a positive impact in overcoming data imbalance. Clustering establishes decision boundaries by partitioning data into clusters, allowing SMOTE with modified distance metrics to generate minority class data within each cluster. This SMOTE clustering and distance modification approach aims to minimize overlap in synthetic minority data that could introduce noise. The proposed method is called “NR-Clustering SMOTE,” which has several stages in balancing data: (1) filtering by removing minority classes close to majority classes (data noise) using the k-nn method;(2) clustering data using K-means aims to establish decision boundaries by partitioning data into several clusters;(3) applying SMOTE oversampling with Manhattan distance within each cluster. Test results indicate that the proposed NR-Clustering SMOTE method achieves the best performance across all evaluation metrics for classification methods such as Random Forest, SVM, and Naїve Bayes, compared t

关键词： SMOTE modification Clustering-SMOTE manhattan distance

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Early Parkinson's Disease Detection and Classification using Machine Learning and Neutrosophic Sets

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Neutrosophic Sets and Systems 2025年 82卷 873-886页

作者： Oudah, Hasan H. Metwaly, Ahmed A. Eassa, Mohamed Abdelhafeez, Ahmed Nagm, Ahmad M. Salama, Ahmed S. College of Arts Department of Journalism Ahl Al Bayt University Karbala Iraq Department of Computer Science Faculty of Computers and Informatics Zagazig University Zagazig44519 Egypt Computer Science Department Faculty of Information System and Computer Science October 6 University Giza12585 Egypt Applied Science Research Center Applied Science Private University Amman Jordan Department of Computer Engineering and Electronics Cairo Higher Institute for Engineering Computer Science and Management New Cairo Egypt

Optimizing therapy and rehabilitation for Parkinson's disease (PD) requires early identification and precise evaluation of the illness's course. However, there is disagreement about the best way to use gait analysis to categorize the severity of motor symptoms and identify early-stage Parkinson's disease. The precision of machine learning (ML) models in identifying early and intermediate stages of Parkinson's disease was assessed in this study. Six ML models are used in this study for the prediction of PD. Different metrics are used to evaluate ML models such as accuracy, precision, recall, f1-score, and AUC score. Then we propose a multi-criteria decision-making methodology (MCDM) to evaluate the ML models and select the best one. Two MCDM methods are used such as CRITIC method to compute the criteria weights and the TOPSIS method to rank the alternatives. These methods are used under the bipolar neutrosophic sets (BNSs) to deal with uncertainty information. The results show the support vector machine is the best ML model for the prediction of PD. © 2025, University of New Mexico. All rights reserved.

关键词： Neurodegenerative diseases

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LSTM-XGBoost: An Ensemble Model for Blood Demand Distribution Forecasting – A Case Study in Zakho City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

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Operations Research Forum 2025年第1期6卷 1-22页

作者： Zebari, Rizgar R. Zebari, Gheyath M. Al-zebari, Adel Mohammed, Marwan Aziz Department of Computer Science College of Science Knowledge University Erbil 44001 Iraq Department of Information Technology Technical College of Informatics Akre University for Applied Sciences Kurdistan Akre Iraq Department of Computer Engineering College of Engineering Knowledge University Erbil 44001 Iraq

A safe and adequate blood supply is essential for healthcare systems to function effectively. Accurately forecasting blood demand plays a key role in efficient inventory management and resource allocation. Traditional forecasting methods, like moving averages and ARIMA models, often fall short due to the complexity of factors influencing blood demand. This study introduces an innovative hybrid ensemble model that combines Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks with XGBoost, harnessing their combined strengths to enhance forecasting accuracy. By analyzing blood donation data from the Zakho Blood Bank (January 1, 2015—July 22, 2022), the model outperforms individual LSTM and XGBoost models, excelling in metrics such as Mean Square Error (MSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE). These findings underscore the potential of advanced machine learning techniques to improve healthcare supply chain management and ensure the timely availability of critical blood supplies. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Blood banking Blood demand forecasting Healthcare supply chain LSTM network Machine learning XGBoost

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Enhancing Classification Algorithm Recommendation in Automated Machine Learning: A Meta-Learning Approach Using Multivariate Sparse Group Lasso

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computer Modeling in engineering & Sciences 2025年第2期142卷 1611-1636页

作者： Irfan Khan Xianchao Zhang Ramesh Kumar Ayyasamy Saadat M.Alhashmi Azizur Rahim School of Software Dalian University of TechnologyDalian116620China Faculty of Information and Communication Technology Universiti Tunku Abdul RahmanKampar31900Malaysia College of Computing and Informatics University of SharjahSharjah27272United Arab Emirates Department of Computer Systems Engineering University of Engineering and Applied SciencesSwat19200Pakistan

The rapid growth of machine learning(ML)across fields has intensified the challenge of selecting the right algorithm for specific tasks,known as the Algorithm Selection Problem(ASP).Traditional trial-and-error methods have become impractical due to their resource *** Machine Learning(AutoML)systems automate this process,but often neglect the group structures and sparsity in meta-features,leading to inefficiencies in algorithm recommendations for classification *** paper proposes a meta-learning approach using Multivariate Sparse Group Lasso(MSGL)to address these *** method models both within-group and across-group sparsity among meta-features to manage high-dimensional data and reduce multicollinearity across eight meta-feature *** Fast Iterative Shrinkage-Thresholding Algorithm(FISTA)with adaptive restart efficiently solves the non-smooth optimization *** validation on 145 classification datasets with 17 classification algorithms shows that our meta-learning method outperforms four state-of-the-art approaches,achieving 77.18%classification accuracy,86.07%recommendation accuracy and 88.83%normalized discounted cumulative gain.

关键词： Meta-learning machine learning automated machine learning classification meta-features

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Groundbreaking taxonomy of metaverse characteristics

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Artificial Intelligence Review 2025年第8期58卷 1-50页

作者： Sadeghi-Niaraki, Abolghasem Rahimi, Fatema Azlan, Nur Alya Emanuelle Binti Song, Houbing Ali, Farman Choi, Soo-Mi Department of Computer Science and Engineering and Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Drone XR Research Center Sejong University Seoul Korea Republic of BaltimoreMD21250 United States Department of Applied AI School of Convergence College of Computing and Informatics Sungkyunkwan University Seoul03063 Korea Republic of

The Metaverse, a dynamic and immersive virtual realm, has captured the imagination of researchers and enthusiasts worldwide. This survey paper aims to introduce a groundbreaking taxonomy for the characteristics of the Metaverse offering a structured and adaptable framework that extends beyond existing categorizations by incorporating dynamic transformations. Unlike prior taxonomies, which often focus on fixed attributes, our approach emphasizes the dynamic evolution of Metaverse characteristics. Through an extensive review of published literature, this study explores key technological, social, economic, and ethical dimensions of the Metaverse. It introduces a process-oriented classification based on 23 distinct characteristics, including immersification, spatiotemporalification, interactification, persistentification, presentification, personification, unification, imaginification, economification, uncertaintification, and credification. By mapping these evolving aspects, we provide a structured and future-proof foundation for understanding the Metaverse’s continuous development. This survey establishes a new standard for comprehensiveness and innovation, shedding light on the diverse facets that have been explored in literature. Through this novel taxonomy, we provide a detailed map of the current landscape and offer insights that pave the way for future research and development in this burgeoning digital frontier. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Comprehensive analysis Futuristic exploration Metaverse characteristics Paradigm-shifting taxonomy Revolutionary categorization

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Designing Quantum-Resilient Blockchain Frameworks: Enhancing Transactional Security with Quantum Algorithms in Decentralized Ledgers

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International Journal of Advanced computer Science and Applications 2025年第4期16卷 618-628页

作者： Kale, Meenal R. Baker El-Ebiary, Yousef A. Sathiya, L. Burugari, Vijay Kumar Yulduz, Erkiniy Muniyandy, Elangovan Alanazi, Rakan Department of Humanities Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineering Hingna Nagpur India Faculty of Informatics and Computing UniSZA University Malaysia Department of CSE Panimalar Engineering College Chennai India Dept of Computer Science and Engineering Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation Vaddeswaram Andhra Pradesh Guntur India Automatic Control and Computer Engineering Department Turin Polytechnic University in Tashkent Tashkent Uzbekistan Department of Biosciences-Saveetha School of Engineering Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Chennai India Applied Science Research Center Applied Science Private University Amman Jordan Department of Information Technology Faculty of Computing and Information Technology Northern Border University Rafha Saudi Arabia

Quantum computing is progressing at a fast rate and there is a real threat that classical cryptographic methods can be compromised and therefore impact the security of blockchain networks. All of the ways used to secure blockchain like Rivest–Shamir–Adleman (RSA), Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) and Secure Hash Algorithm 256-bit (SHA256) are the characteristic of the traditional cryptographic techniques vulnerable to attack by quantum algorithms: Shor’s and Grover’s algorithms: can efficiently break asymmetric encryption and speed up brute force attacks. Because of this vulnerability, there exists a need to develop an advance quantum resilient blockchain framework to protect the decentralized ledgers from the future threats of the quantum. This research proposes Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC), Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) and Quantum Random Number Generation (QRNG) as a formidable architectural integration, to fortify security of blockchain. Classical encryption is replaced with PQC, QKD with secure key exchange by detecting eavesdropping, and QRNG with improving cryptographic randomness to remove the predictable key vulnerability. Only with a small loss of transaction efficiency, we increase transaction encryption accuracy, key exchange security, and resistance to quantum attacks. In this quantum enhanced blockchain design, the idea is to preserve the decentralization, transparency and security and at the same time overcome the future quantum threat. By going through rigorous analysis and comparative evaluation, we demonstrate that the approach saves blockchain networks from the emerging quantum risks to make sure that the decentralized finance, smart contracts and cross chain transactions. © (2025), (Science and Information Organization). All rights reserved.

关键词： Quantum cryptography

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Chaos-Based Novel Watermarked Satellite Image Encryption Scheme

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computer Modeling in engineering & Sciences 2025年第4期143卷 1049-1070页

作者： Mohamed Medani Yahia Said Nashwan Adnan Othman Farrukh Yuldashev Mohamed Kchaou Faisal Khaled Aldawood Bacha Rehman Applied College of Muhayil Aseer King Khalid UniversityAbha62529Saudi Arabia Center for Scientific Research and Entrepreneurship Northern Border UniversityArar73213Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Engineering College of EngineeringKnowledge UniversityErbil44001Iraq Department of Computer Engineering Al-Kitab UniversityAltun Kupri36001Iraq Department of Informatics and Its Teaching Methods Tashkent State Pedagogical UniversityTashkent100070Uzbekistan Department of Industrial Engineering College of EngineeringUniversity of BishaBishaP.O.Box 001Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Solent UniversitySouthamptonSO140YNUK

Satellite images are widely used for remote sensing and defence applications,however,they are subject to a variety of *** ensure the security and privacy of these images,theymust be watermarked and encrypted before ***,this paper proposes a novel watermarked satellite image encryption scheme based on chaos,Deoxyribonucleic Acid(DNA)sequence,and hash *** watermark image,DNA sequence,and plaintext image are passed through the Secure Hash Algorithm(SHA-512)to compute the initial condition(keys)for the Tangent-Delay Ellipse Reflecting Cavity Map(TD-ERCS),Henon,and Duffing chaotic maps,*** bitwise XOR and substitution,the TD-ERCS map encrypts the watermark *** ciphered watermark image is embedded in the plaintext *** embedded plaintext image is permuted row-wise and column-wise using the Henon chaotic *** permuted image is then bitwise XORed with the values obtained from the Duffing *** additional security,the XORed image is substituted through a dynamic *** evaluate the efficiency and performance of the proposed algorithm,several tests are performed which prove its resistance to various types of attacks such as brute-force and statistical attacks.

关键词： DNA sequence TD-ERCS chaoticmap henon chaoticmap duffing chaotic system SHA-512 encryption technique watermark embedding

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Optimization of 6G resource allocation using CyberTwin function-based service enhancement scheme

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Eurasip Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking 2025年第1期2025卷 1-27页

作者： Aldrees, Asma Min, Hong Daradkeh, Yousef Ibrahim Dutta, Ashit Kumar Anjum, Mohd Department of Informatics and Computer Systems College of Computer Science King Khalid University Abha61421 Saudi Arabia School of Computing Gachon University Seongnam13120 Korea Republic of Department of Computer Engineering and Information College of Engineering in Wadi Alddawasir Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University Al-Kharj16273 Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science and Information Systems College of Applied Sciences Almaarefa University Ad Diriyah Riyadh13713 Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Engineering Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh202002 India

The most innovative Service-Optimized Logging for Resource Allocation (SOL-RA) is in situations that support 6G connection. The CyberTwin architecture optimizes the quality of service provided to end users in 6G communications by using the dependability of terahertz connections and interactions of a machine-type nature. Elastically sharing elastic resources among users is made possible by the proposed resource allocation strategy, which makes use of proprietary logger functions. This ensures that efficient allocation is achieved without overlapping or lengthy wait periods. Within the framework of SOL-RA, a categorization mechanism is implemented for dense requests, which differentiates them as either stationary or priority services. Resource allocations are dynamically done based on this categorization, which enhances the organization's responsiveness to different needs. Through a tree classifier learning mechanism, CyberTwin logs play an essential part in the processing of requests and the preparation of resources. This helps to ensure that resources are distributed without inefficiency. Requests that are generating a backlog are identified and processed in parallel by the system, which significantly reduces the amount of time that is wasted waiting. In order to guarantee a specialized distribution for the categorized outputs, resource allocations are directed by CyberTwin data logs. An examination of the performance of the SOL-RA scheme takes into account important metrics such service latency, service backlog, resource usage, and request-to-response ratio. This research offers insights into the efficacy of the scheme in maximizing service quality and resource consumption in 6G settings. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Resource allocation

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A Multi-Modal Assessment Framework for Comparison of Specialized Deep Learning and General-Purpose Large Language Models

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IEEE Transactions on Big Data 2025年第3期11卷 1001-1012页

作者： Nadeem, Mohammad Sohail, Shahab Saquib Madsen, Dag Oivind Alzahrani, Ahmed Abrahim Ser, Javier Del Muhammad, Khan Aligarh Muslim University Department of Computer Science Aligarh India VIT Bhopal University School of Computing Science and Engineering Bhopal-Indore Highway Kothrikalan Madhya Pradesh Sehore466114 India University of South-Eastern Norway Norway King Saud University Computer Science Department Community College Riyadh11437 Saudi Arabia TECNALIA Derio48160 Spain Department of Communications Engineering Bilbao48013 Spain Department of Applied Artificial Intelligence School of Convergence College of Computing and Informatics Seoul03063 Korea Republic of

Recent years have witnessed tremendous advancements in Al tools (e.g., ChatGPT, GPT 4, and Bard), driven by the growing power, reasoning, and efficiency of Large Language Models (LLMs). LLMs have been shown to excel in tasks ranging from poem writing and coding to essay generation and puzzle solving. Despite their proficiency in general queries, specialized tasks such as metaphor understanding and fake news detection often require finely tuned models, posing a comparison challenge with specialized Deep Learning (DL). We propose an assessment framework to compare task-specific intelligence with general-purpose LLMs on suicide and depression tendency identification. For this purpose, we trained two DL models on a suicide and depression detection dataset, followed by testing their performance on a test set. Afterward, the same test dataset is used to evaluate the performance of four LLMs (GPT 3.5, GPT 4, Google Bard, and MS Bing) using four classification metrics. The BERT-based DL model performed the best among all, with a testing accuracy of 94.61%, while GPT 4 was the runner-up with accuracy 92.5%. Results demonstrate that LLMs do not outperform the specialized DL models but are able to achieve comparable performance, making them a decent option for downstream tasks without specialized training. However, LLMs outperformed specialized models on the reduced dataset. © 2015 IEEE.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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