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7th IET Smart Cities Symposium (SCS 2023)

作者： Mohammad Aljanabi Alaa Hamza Omran Maad M Mijwil Mostafa Abotaleb El-Sayed M. El-kenawy Sahar Yousif Mohammed Abdelhameed Ibrahim Department of computer College of Education Aliarqai university Baghdad Iraq University of information technology and communications Baghdad Iraq Computer Techniques Engineering Department Baghdad College of Economic Sciences University Baghdad Iraq Department of System Programming South Ural State University Chelyabinsk Russia Department of Communications and Electronics Delta Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology Egypt Computer Science Department Computer Science & Information Technology College Anbar University Anbar Iraq Computer Engineering and Control Systems Department Faculty of Engineering Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt

Data poisoning attacks, where adversaries manipulate training data to degrade model performance, are an emerging threat as machine learning becomes widely deployed in sensitive applications. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of data poisoning including attack techniques, adversary incentives, impacts on security and reliability, detection methods, defenses, and key research gaps. We examine label flipping, instance injection, backdoors, and other attack categories that enable malicious outcomes ranging from IP theft to accidents in autonomous systems. Promising detection approaches include statistical tests, robust learning, and forensics. However, significant challenges remain in translating academic defenses like adversarial training and sanitization into practical tools ready for operational use. With safety and trustworthiness at stake, more research on benchmarking evaluations, adaptive attacks, fundamental tradeoffs, and real-world deployment of defenses is urgently needed. Understanding vulnerabilities and developing resilient machine learning pipelines will only grow in importance as data integrity is fundamental to developing safe artificial intelligence.

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Policy Evaluation in Distributional LQR

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Wang, Zifan Gao, Yulong Wang, Siyi Zavlanos, Michael M. Abate, Alessandro Johansson, Karl H. Division of Decision and Control Systems KTH Royal Institute of Technology Sweden Department of Computer Science University of Oxford United Kingdom Information-oriented Control Technical University of Munich Germany Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Duke University United States

Distributional reinforcement learning (DRL) enhances the understanding of the effects of the randomness in the environment by letting agents learn the distribution of a random return, rather than its expected value as in standard RL. At the same time, a main challenge in DRL is that policy evaluation in DRL typically relies on the representation of the return distribution, which needs to be carefully designed. In this paper, we address this challenge for a special class of DRL problems that rely on discounted linear quadratic regulator (LQR) for control, advocating for a new distributional approach to LQR, which we call distributional LQR. Specifically, we provide a closed-form expression of the distribution of the random return which, remarkably, is applicable to all exogenous disturbances on the dynamics, as long as they are independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.). While the proposed exact return distribution consists of infinitely many random variables, we show that this distribution can be approximated by a finite number of random variables, and the associated approximation error can be analytically bounded under mild assumptions. Using the approximate return distribution, we propose a zeroth-order policy gradient algorithm for risk-averse LQR using the Conditional Value at Risk (CVaR) as a measure of risk. Numerical experiments are provided to illustrate our theoretical results. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Reinforcement learning

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Leakage Localization in Water Distribution Networks: A Model-Based Approach

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Lindström, Ludvig Gracy, Sebin Magnússon, Sindri Sandberg, Henrik The Division of Decision and Control Systems School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science KTH Royal Institute of Technology and Digital Futures Stockholm Sweden The Department of Computer and Systems Sciences Stockholm University Sweden

The paper studies the problem of leakage localization in water distribution networks. For the case of a single pipe that suffers from a single leak, by taking recourse to pressure and flow measurements, and assuming those are noiseless, we provide a closed-form expression for leak localization, leak exponent and leak constant. For the aforementioned setting, but with noisy pressure and flow measurements, an expression for estimating the location of the leak is provided. Finally, assuming the existence of a single leak, for a network comprising of more than one pipe and assuming that the network has a tree structure, we provide a systematic procedure for determining the leak location, the leak exponent, and the leak constant. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Water distribution systems

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Observer-Based Fuzzy Adaptive Command Filtering Finite-Time control of Stochastic Nonlinear systems

Observer-Based Fuzzy Adaptive Command Filtering Finite-Time ...

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2021 International Conference on Security, Pattern Analysis, and Cybernetics, SPAC 2021

作者： Wang, Libin Wang, Huanqing Liu, Peter Xiaoping School of Mechanical Electronic and Control Engineering Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing China School of Mathematical Sciences Bohai University Jinzhou China Carleton University Department of Systems and Computer Engineering OttawaON Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781665443227

The output feedback problem of finite-time command filtering for nonlinear systems with random disturbance is addressed in this paper. This is the first time that command filtering and output feedback are integrated so that a nonlinear system with random disturbance converge rapidly in finite time. The uncertain functions and unmeasured states are estimated by the fuzzy logic system (FLS) and nonlinear state observer, respectively. Based on the adaptive framework, command filtering technology is applied to mitigate the problem of 'term explosion' inherent in traditional methods, and error compensation mechanism is considered to improve the control performance of the system. The developed output feedback controller ensures the boundedness of all signals in the stochastic system within a finite time, and the convergence residual can converge to a small region. The validity of this scheme is well verified in a numerical example. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： Error compensation

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Pattern Recognition Method for Detecting engineering Errors on Technical Drawings

Pattern Recognition Method for Detecting Engineering Errors ...

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AI IoT Congress (AIIoT), World

作者： Rimma Dzhusupova Richa Banotra Jan Bosch Helena Holmströ m Olsson Department of Electrical &#x0026 Instrumentation Control &#x0026 Safety Systems McDermott The Hague The Netherlands Department of Instrumentation Control &#x0026 Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden Department of Computer Science and Media Technology Malm&#x00F6 University Malm&#x00F6 Sweden

Many organizations are looking for how to automate repetitive tasks to reduce manual work and free up resources for innovation. Machine Learning, especially Deep Learning, increases the chance of achieving this goal while working with technical documentation. Highly costly engineering hours can be saved, for example, by empowering the manual check with AI, which helps to reduce the total time for technical documents review. This paper proposes a way to substantially reduce the hours spent by process engineers reviewing P&IDs (Piping & Instrumentation Diagrams). The developed solution is based on a deep learning model for analyzing complex real-life engineering diagrams to find design errors - patterns that are combinations of high-level objects. Through the research on an extensive collection of P&ID files provided by McDermott, we prove that our model recognizes patterns representing engineering mistakes with high accuracy. We also describe our experience dealing with class-imbalance problems, labelling, and model architecture selection. The developed model is domain agnostic and can be re-trained on various schematic diagrams within engineering fields and, as well, could be used as an idea for other researchers to see whether similar solutions could be built for different industries.

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Reinforcement Learning-Based Optimal Multiple Waypoint Navigation

Reinforcement Learning-Based Optimal Multiple Waypoint Navig...

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IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)

作者： Christos Vlachos Panagiotis Rousseas Charalampos P. Bechlioulis Kostas J. Kyriakopoulos Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Patras Greece School of Mechanical Engineering Control Systems Laboratory National Technical University of Athens Greece Center of AI & Robotics (CAIR) New York University Abu Dhabi

In this paper, a novel method based on Artificial Potential Field (APF) theory is presented, for optimal motion planning in fully-known, static workspaces, for multiple final goal configurations. Optimization is achieved through a Reinforcement Learning (RL) framework. More specifically, the parameters of the underlying potential field are adjusted through a policy gradient algorithm in order to minimize a cost function. The main novelty of the proposed scheme lies in the method that provides optimal policies for multiple final positions, in contrast to most existing methodologies that consider a single final configuration. An assessment of the optimality of our results is conducted by comparing our novel motion planning scheme against a RRT* method.

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Analysis of Power Transformer Inrush Current in the Presence of Quasi-Direct Currents

Analysis of Power Transformer Inrush Current in the Presence...

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International Conference on Environment and Electrical engineering (EEEIC)

作者： Behzad Behdani Reza Shariatinasab Mousa Afrasiabi Jamshid Aghaei Department of Power and Control Engineering School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Shiraz University Shiraz Iran Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of Birjand Birjand Iran Department of Electrical Engineering School of Energy Systems Lappeenranta University of Technology Lappeenranta Finland

ISBN: (数字)9781665485371

ISBN: (纸本)9781665485388

The flow of quasi-direct currents (QDCs) in AC electrical networks, is a disturbing factor that mainly prevails upon mutual impacts between different system components or due to geophysical phenomena. These QDCs can alter the normal behavior of the system components, e.g., power transformer inrush currents. In this paper, an analysis of the inrush current phenomenon in power transformers under the influence of QDCs has been performed. The effect of QDCs on power transformer inrush currents is first mathematically analyzed, and then investigated by computer simulations in EMTP-RV software. Results show that power transformer inrush currents can severely increase in the presence of QDCs.

关键词： Resistors Mathematical analysis Switches Transformer cores Behavioral sciences Steady-state Power transformers

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Optimal Linear Deception Attacks on Remote State Estimation with Constrained Alarm Rates: A Low-Dimensional Case

Optimal Linear Deception Attacks on Remote State Estimation ...

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IEEE Conference on Decision and control

作者： Jun Shang Hanwen Zhang Jing Zhou Tongwen Chen Department of Control Science and Engineering Shanghai Research Institute for Intelligent Autonomous Systems National Key Laboratory of Autonomous Intelligent Unmanned Systems and Frontiers Science Center for Intelligent Autonomous Systems Tongji University Shanghai China Key Laboratory of Knowledge Automation for Industrial Processes of Ministry of Education School of Automation and Electrical Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada

ISBN: (数字)9798350316339

ISBN: (纸本)9798350316346

This study addresses linear attacks on remote state estimation within the context of a constrained alarm rate. Smart sensors, which are equipped with local Kalman filters, transmit innovations instead of raw measurements through a wireless communication network. This transmission is vulnerable to malicious data interception and manipulation by attackers. The aim of this research is to identify the optimal attack strategy that degrades the system performance while adhering to stealthiness constraints. A notable innovation of this paper is the direct association of the attack’s stealthiness with the alarm rate, diverging from traditional approaches that rely on the covariance of the innovation or the Kullback–Leibler divergence, which are conventional metrics that have been extensively explored in previous studies. Our findings reveal that the optimal attack strategy exhibits some structural characteristics in systems of low dimensions. The performance of the proposed attack strategy is demonstrated through numerical examples.

关键词： Wireless communication Measurement Technological innovation System performance Kalman filters State estimation Intelligent sensors

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Pinning control of chimera states in systems with higher-order interactions

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Muolo, Riccardo Gambuzza, Lucia Valentina Nakao, Hiroya Frasca, Mattia Department of Systems and Control Engineering Institute of Science Tokyo former Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo152-8552 Japan Department of Electrical Electronics and Computer Science Engineering University of Catania Catania95125 Italy Research Center for Autonomous Systems Materialogy Institute of Innovative Research Institute of Science Tokyo former Tokyo Institute of Technology Kanagawa226-8501 Japan

Understanding and controlling the mechanisms behind synchronization phenomena is of paramount importance in nonlinear science. In particular, the emergence of chimera states, patterns in which order and disorder coexist simultaneously, continues to puzzle scholars, due to its elusive nature. Recently, it has been shown that higher-order (many-body) interactions greatly enhance the presence of chimera states, which are easier to be found and more persistent. In this work, we show that the higher-order framework is fertile not only for the emergence of chimera states, but also for its control. Via pinning control, a technique consisting in applying a forcing to a subset of the nodes, we are able to trigger the emergence of chimera states with only a small fraction of controlled nodes, at striking contrast with the case without higher-order interactions. We show that our setting is robust for different higher-order topologies and types of pinning control and, finally, we give a heuristic interpretation of the results via phase reduction theory. Our numerical and theoretical results provide further understanding on how higher-order interactions shape collective behaviors in nonlinear dynamics. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Synchronization

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Inverse Kalman Filtering for systems with Correlated Noises

Inverse Kalman Filtering for Systems with Correlated Noises

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IEEE Conference on Decision and control

作者： Yibei Li Xiaoming Hu Bo Wahlberg Lihua Xie School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore Department of Mathematics Division of Optimization and Systems Theory KTH Royal Institute of Technology Sweden Division of Decision and Control Systems School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciencem KTH Royal Institute of Technology Sweden

This paper focuses on two inverse problems of the Kalman filter in which the process and measurement noises are correlated. The unknown covariance matrix in a stochastic system is reconstructed from observations of its posterior beliefs. For the standard inverse Kalman filtering problem, a novel duality-based formulation is proposed, where a well-defined inverse optimal control (IOC) problem is solved instead. Identifiability of the underlying model is proved, and a least squares estimator is designed that is statistically consistent. The time-invariant case using the steady-state Kalman gain is further studied. Since this inverse problem is ill-posed, a canonical class of covariance matrices is constructed, which can be uniquely identified from the dataset with asymptotic convergence. Finally, the performances of the proposed methods are illustrated by numerical examples.

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