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Lossy Compression: An Online Multi-Stage Technology for High-Fidelity Synchro-Waveform Measurements

IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 2025年第3期61卷 4290-4300页

作者： Qiu, Wei Yin, He Wu, Yuru Dong, Yuqing Zheng, Yao Yao, Wenxuan Liu, Yilu Hunan University Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Changsha410082 China University of Tennessee Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science KnoxvilleTN37996 United States Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37831 United States

Effective real-time monitoring and analysis of distributed grids necessitate the use of synchro-waveform measurements, which capture almost all high-frequency disturbances and transient phenomena. However, due to limitations in high-speed measurements and network bandwidth, it is challenging to transfer all high-fidelity synchro-waveforms losslessly and successfully. To cope with these challenges, a hybrid-based online multi-stage compression algorithm is proposed to significantly improve the compression efficiency for synchro-waveform measurements. Initially, the multiple discrete Wavelet transformation is deployed to deconstruct the waveform components. The delta encoding is further developed to decrease the magnitude. In conjunction with the Lempel-Ziv-Markov chain, the hybrid compression algorithm is implemented to achieve real-time compression for the synchro-waveform measurements. Moreover, an innovative error index that synergizes the time and frequency domain error and correlation is formulated to evaluate the waveform distortion. By integrating compression ratio, suitable parameters can be optimally selected. Finally, the simulation, laboratory experiments, as well as field tests across a spectrum of sampling frequencies and time intervals are conducted to substantiate the efficacy of the proposed method. The outcomes demonstrated that a compression ratio of approximately 15.5 and 17.83 can be reached for 0.5 s and 1 s data under both offline and online scenarios, which equates to a substantial 93.5% to 94.39% reduction in data storage requirements. © 1972-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Synchros

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Content Moderation of Generative AI Prompts

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SN computer science 2025年第4期6卷 1-28页

作者： Pardhi, Praful Computer Science and Engineering Department Shri Ramdeobaba College of Engineering and Management Nagpur India

Recent advances in Generative AI, have encouraged many industries to use generative models in their products for generating components such as images, text, audio, or video. Generative foundation models like Large Language Models and Diffusion Models are trained on large amounts of data scraped from the internet. Analysis with respect to the quality and content of this extensive data is not possible before training, which leads to generating inappropriate content that may contain profanity, violence, NSFW content, hate speech, and substance use. We cannot rely on the content the generative AI models may generate when the user prompts to generate the content. To generate fair and safe content the input prompt should be analyzed before generating the content to avoid generating unsafe content. If the prompt is unsafe the filters should avoid such a prompt or replace the improper and unsuitable words with the proper and suitable words. Here, we provide a framework for analyzing the text prompts based on the content moderation taxonomy. We define the taxonomy for content moderation and explore different language models to classify the prompt as per the moderation taxonomy. The proposed moderation taxonomy can be used to analyze user’s behavior and misuse of any generative AI application. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Content moderation Generative model Language model Large language models Prompt

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An Integrated ELM Based Feature Reduction Combination Detection for Gene Expression Data Analysis

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SN computer science 2025年第1期6卷 1-19页

作者： Tripathy, Jogeswar Dash, Rasmita Pattanayak, Binod Kumar Mishra, Sambit Kumar Department of Computer Science and Engineering ITER Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan Deemed to be University Bhubaneswar 751030 India Department of Computer Science and Engineering SRM University-AP Amaravati 522240 India

Globally, cancer stands as the second leading cause of mortality. Various strategies have been proposed to address this issue, with a strong emphasis on utilizing gene expression data to enhance cancer detection methods. However, challenges arise due to the high dimensionality, limited sample size relative to its dimensions, and the inherent redundancy and noise in many genes. Consequently, it is advisable to employ a subset of genes rather than the entire set for classifying gene expression data. This research introduces a model that incorporates Ranked-based Filter (RF) techniques for extracting significant features and employs Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) for data classification. The computational cost of using RF technique over high dimensional data is low. However extraction of significant genes using one or two stage of reduction is not effective. Thus, a 4-stage feature reduction strategy is applied. The reduced data is then utilized for classification using few variants of ELM model and activation function. Subsequently, a two-stage grading approach is implemented to determine the most suitable classifier for data classification. This analysis is conducted over four microarray gene expression data using four activation function with seven learning based classifiers, from which it is shown that II-ELM classifier outperforms in terms of performance matrix and ROC graph. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Classification Extreme learning machine Gene expression data Grading approach Ranked based feature selection

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Android offloading computation over the cloud 1st

Android offloading computation over the cloud

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1st International Conference on Applications of AI in 5G and IOT, ICAAI5GI 2024

作者： Prakash, Vijay Dudeja, Deepak Chhabra, Gunjan Garg, Lalit Department of Computer Information Systems University of Malta Msida Malta Department of Computer Science and Engineering MMEC MMDU Haryana Mullana India Department of Computer Science & Engineering Graphic Era Hill University Dehradun India Department of Computer Science & Engineering Graphic Era Deemed to be University Dehradun India

ISBN: (纸本)9781032874036

This paper analyzes whether Android apps may outsource computational activities to cloud servers. Due to the complexity of mobile apps, shifting computing operations to the cloud has become popular to improve performance and reduce energy consumption. This paper explains how to deploy an Android app on Cloudflare and tests it under various settings. The testing showed that cloud computing can boost Android app efficiency. The findings show that shifting computing workloads to the cloud reduces mobile device CPU utilization. This frees up device resources, allowing it to perform other tasks. However, cloud processing has limitations. Network latency between the mobile device and the cloud server may affect application performance. In addition, the cost of offloading computation to the cloud can be a concern for some users, especially in high data consumption scenarios. Our findings can be helpful for developers who want to optimize the performance of their Android applications and for researchers who wish to investigate this topic further. Future research could explore ways to minimize the impact of network latency on offloading computation and investigate the cost-effectiveness of this technique for different types of applications. © 2025 the Author(s).

关键词： Cloud security

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Salp swarm algorithm using lens opposition-based learning and local search for constrained optimization problems

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Iran Journal of computer science 2025年 1-28页

作者： Majumdar, Parijata Mitra, Sanjoy Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Information Technology Agartala Jirania 799046 India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Tripura Institute of Technology Agartala Narsingarh 799009 India

The Salp swarm algorithm (SSA) simulates how salps forage and travel in the ocean. SSA suffers from low initial population diversity, improper balancing of exploration and exploitation, and slow convergence speed. Thus, we have proposed a novel variant of SSA (LOLSSA) by integrating lens opposition learning with the fundamental evolutionary techniques of SSA to increase the initial population variety. During exploration, the information about the local best position for each individual is effectively shared with the follower, using the salp position update process to avoid getting stuck at the local optimum. At the end of each iteration, the local search algorithm is utilized to increase exploitation. Additionally, the leader’s salp position incorporates inertia weight to speed up the convergence speed. Swarm intelligence algorithms have proven their efficacy in feature selection, since they search for an optimal set of features in a large search area that will have the best impact on the accuracy of the training system. LOLSSA is thus employed for feature selection to select informative features in 11 high-dimensional datasets, where it outperforms well-known metaheuristics in average fitness, accuracy, and average number of feature reductions. In the software-as-a-service cloud computing model, a task scheduling problem is solved to satisfy the QoS requirement of both the service provider and the user. Experiments show that LOLSSA optimizes this problem in terms of different performance metrics. LOLSSA also outperforms other metaheuristics regarding 23 well-known benchmark functions, IEEE CEC-C06 2019, and CEC-06 2020 benchmark functions, and in solving engineering design problems. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Convergence speed Feature selection Global optimization Lens opposition learning Salp swarm algorithm Task scheduling problem

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An improved image compression framework in modern multimedia applications using tetrolet transformation

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第6期84卷 3305-3338页

作者： Yadav, Satya Prakash Department of Computer Science and Engineering Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology U.P Gorakhpur India

The fast advancement of the multimedia era has led to an explosion in the use and technology of large amounts of digital snapshots. It has created a developing call for Image compression techniques that can reduce the dimensions of Image without compromising their perceptual excellence. Lossless picture compression techniques have emerged as a popular answer in this regard, as they maintain the precise statistics of the original Image. However, current lossless compression techniques face demanding situations in accomplishing high compression ratios without sacrificing the picture best. This paper proposes a more robust lossless Image compression framework based on the Tetrolet transformation. The framework introduces an adaptive quantization method, which adjusts the quantization step length based totally on the neighborhood Image characteristics, resulting in better compression overall performance for exclusive sorts of Image. Context modeling is also included in the framework to make the most of the inter-Image correlations inside the Image. This method uses context information from the Detroit-converted coefficients, which might be used to estimate the probability of prevalence for every Image value. The proposed model obtained 94.09% accuracy, 92.90% Precision, 95.25% Recall, 92.91% F1-Score and 93.87% Compression Duration. Using as it should be modeling these chances;the framework improves the entropy coding performance and ultimately results in better compression ratios. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Image compression

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User-trust centric lightweight access control for smart IoT crowd sensing applications in healthcare systems

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Personal and Ubiquitous Computing 2025年第1期29卷 31-44页

作者： Mahmood, Zahid Ashraf, Zeeshan Iqbal, Muddesar Farooq, Beenish Department of Computer Science & IT University of Kotli Azad Jammu & Kashmir Kotli Pakistan Department of Computer Science The University of Chenab Gujrat Pakistan Renewable Energy Lab College of Engineering Prince Sultan University Riyadh Saudi Arabia

The Internet of Things (IoT) enables healthcare systems to handle emergencies, where multiple authorities interact to perform tasks. Prevention of unauthorized access and defining access domains for legitimate users are crucial. Attribute-Based Access Control System (ABACS) techniques play a vital role in defining boundaries in a multi-agent environment. However, adopting traditional ABAC in IoT-based resource-constrained networks is not feasible. This research analyzes the effects of attributes as key performance metrics, including execution time, memory overhead, and computational complexities. To address these challenges, this research proposes a Physical-Social Attributes Access Control Policy (PS-ABACS) framework that secures Multiparty Computation (SMC), symmetric encryption, and randomization-based access control methods. PS-ABASC introduces a lightweight two-party set intersection technique to generate an access policy. The analysis shows that the proposed technique is efficient in computing access policy and session key generation, and less number of attributes based on randomness characteristics is appropriate for resource-constrained networks. Moreover, it demonstrates advancements by reducing memory usage up to 0.048 KB for 60 attributes. The framework generates session keys proficiently, encrypts data, and minimizes computational expenses through a randomized attribute vector. In terms of communication overhead, the framework surpasses expectations by supporting up to 100 attributes, resulting in a reduction of transmission costs to 1120 bits. Overall, this framework improves security, reduces resource consumption, and enhances data exchange efficiency in IoT ecosystems. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Access control

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Pruning techniques for artificial intelligence networks: a deeper look at their engineering design and bias: the first review of its kind

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第11期84卷 9591-9665页

作者： Mohanty, Lopamudra Kumar, Ashish Mehta, Vivek Agarwal, Mohit Suri, Jasjit S. School of Computer Science Engineering and Technology Bennett University Gr. Noida India Department of Computer Science ABES Engineering College UP Ghaziabad India Stroke Diagnostic and Monitoring Division AtheroPoint™ RosevilleCA United States

Trained Artificial Intelligence (AI) models are challenging to install on edge devices as they are low in memory and computational power. Pruned AI (PAI) models are therefore needed with minimal degradation in performance. This is the first study of its kind where we have characterized three types of PAI paradigms, namely, weight pruning (WP), channel pruning (CP), and hybrid pruning (HP). Further, the study also analyses the risk of bias (RoB) in PAI models, and explainable PAI (XPAI) networks. PRISMA model was adapted for the selection of the best 145 studies. The review had two hypotheses: (i) PAI had bias and (ii) the order of performance for the three PAI is: HP > CP > WP in terms of performance. Thirty-two AI attributes using each of two experts were categorized into four clusters, namely, architecture, optimization, dataset design, and scientific validation. The RoB was analyzed in these PAI studies using AP(ai)Bias 2.0 (AtheroPoint™, CA, USA), which was based on a scoring-and-ranking strategy. This was then compared against the Butterfly model, composed of radial and regional biases, and analyzed using a Venn diagram in three independent bins based on low-moderate and moderate-high cut-offs. Recommendations were laid out for low-bias studies. PAI studies that lack adequate AI attributes were more inclined to the RoB. It has been observed that 19.64%, 21.42%, and 58.92% studies were in low-bias, moderate-bias, and high-bias bins, respectively. Pruning made inference faster and reduced sparsity. We have observed low participation of the PAI studies in the XPAI framework. The study presented the challenges and five-step recommendations for mitigating bias in PAI models. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Risk assessment

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Cryptography machine: Encryption and decryption model for multimedia data 1st

Cryptography machine: Encryption and decryption model for mu...

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1st International Conference on Applications of AI in 5G and IOT, ICAAI5GI 2024

ISBN: (纸本)9781032874036

The digital era has brought a surge in the amount of data generated, increasing the need for data security across individuals, organizations, and governments. Protecting sensitive information from unauthorized access is a top priority in today’s digital world. Cryptography is used to ensure secure communication over the internet, including email, instant messaging, and web browsing. Our paper’s primary goal is to develop a cryptography machine capable of encrypting and decrypting different data types, such as plain text, images, audio and videos using the cryptography of the symmetric key. The proposed model will be implemented using Python and Java. Developing the cryptography machine will significantly protect sensitive information and ensure its confidentiality and integrity. The machine’s ability to encrypt and decrypt different data types using symmetrickey cryptography will provide an added layer of security to individuals, organizations, and governments in the digital era. © 2025 the Author(s).

关键词： algorithms Cryptography decryption encryption keys machine

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Multilevel characterization of unknown protein sequences using hierarchical long short term memory model

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第9期84卷 6593-6614页

作者： Agrawal, Saurabh Sisodia, Dilip Singh Nagwani, Naresh Kumar Department of Computer Science & Engineering National Institute of Technology Raipur GE Road Chhattisgarh Raipur492010 India

Multilevel characterization of the recently developed Unknown Protein Sequence (UPS) is significant for the drug-designing, disease-diagnosis, and treatment plans. UPS can demonstrate harmful as well as useful characters. Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) based Multilevel Protein Characterization (ML_PC) model using Neuro-Fuzzy Classifier (NFC) and transfer learning has been proposed in this paper for characteristics, species, and function prediction of the UPS. Gram Negative (GN) dataset with known 2286 protein sequences, is used for formation and validation of the ML_PC model. Thereafter NFC is applied at initial stage of the validated ML_PC model to filter the 518 independent protein sequences of the UPS dataset as GN or Non-GN in context with known GN dataset. However, NFC is competent to handle likelihood classification complications of supervised learning. Characteristics, species, and functions of the filtered GN UPS have been predicted in succeeding levels of the ML_PC framework through Protein Characterization (PC) model. LSTM and transfer learning based PC model has been trained and validated using augmented feature of the known GN protein sequence samples, while tested with UPS and filtered GN protein sequences. Transfer learning has been applied as requisite postprocessing to overcome overfitting in the prediction of bacterial protein species with insufficient protein sequence samples. Performance of the multilevel model is improved by 7.52% after combining with transfer learning and NFC. ML_PC model has been compatible to extract relevant biological information of the UPS in context to various categories of bacterial proteins. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Long short-term memory

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