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Deep Learning-based Environmental Sound Classification Using Feature Fusion and Data Enhancement

computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第1期74卷 1069-1091页

作者： Rashid Jahangir Muhammad Asif Nauman Roobaea Alroobaea Jasem Almotiri Muhammad Mohsin Malik Sabah M.Alzahrani Department of Computer Science COMSATS University IslamabadVehari CampusPakistan Department of Computer Science University of Engineering and Technology LahorePakistan Department of Computer Science College of Computers and Information TechnologyTaif UniversityTaif21974Saudi Arabia

Environmental sound classification(ESC)involves the process of distinguishing an audio stream associated with numerous environmental *** common aspects such as the framework difference,overlapping of different sound events,and the presence of various sound sources during recording make the ESC task much more complicated and *** research is to propose a deep learning model to improve the recognition rate of environmental sounds and reduce the model training time under limited computation *** this research,the performance of transformer and convolutional neural networks(CNN)are *** audio features,chromagram,Mel-spectrogram,tonnetz,Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients(MFCCs),delta MFCCs,delta-delta MFCCs and spectral contrast,are extracted fromtheUrbanSound8K,ESC-50,and ESC-10,***,this research also employed three data enhancement methods,namely,white noise,pitch tuning,and time stretch to reduce the risk of overfitting issue due to the limited audio *** evaluation of various experiments demonstrates that the best performance was achieved by the proposed transformer model using seven audio features on enhanced *** UrbanSound8K,ESC-50,and ESC-10,the highest attained accuracies are 0.98,0.94,and 0.97 *** experimental results reveal that the proposed technique can achieve the best performance for ESC problems.

关键词： Environmental sound classification convolutional neural network deep learning transformer data augmentation

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Improved security with novel M-Log chaos steganography algorithm for huffman compressed english text

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第2期84卷 665-688页

作者： Raghuvanshi, Devvrat Joshi, Kamaldeep Nandal, Rainu Sehrawat, Harkesh Singh, Surender Singh, Srishti Department of Computer Science and Engineering University Institute of Engineering and Technology Maharshi Dayanand University Rohtak Haryana India

This paper addresses the underexplored landscape of chaotic functions in steganography, existing literature when examined under PRISMA-ScR framework it was realized that most of the studies predominantly focuses on utilizing chaotic functions for either concealing or diffusing messages within cover images. This study explored a different direction of using chaotic function as guards for concealed data by proposing the M-Log chaos algorithm which employs logarithmic chaotic function to drive a unique bomb generator equation, strategically placing bomb bits in the image. These bombs act as sentinels, safeguarding the concealed message. Successful retrieval involves diffusing the bombs before extracting data from the rest of the image. Failure to defuse these bombs prior to access results in irreversible damage to concealed information, thwarting unauthorized access. Our proposed method demonstrates notable advancements across quantitative performance metrics, including a 40% increase in payload capacity, a mean PSNR of 45.8981, and a mean SSIM of 0.9931. Future avenues include exploring multi-dimensional chaotic functions and employing nature-based searching algorithms such as genetic algorithms or particle swarm optimization for optimal chaos bomb placement. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Steganography

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A Lightweight Deep Learning-Based Model for Tomato Leaf Disease Classification

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computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第12期77卷 3969-3992页

作者： Naeem Ullah Javed Ali Khan Sultan Almakdi Mohammed S.Alshehri Mimonah Al Qathrady Eman Abdullah Aldakheel Doaa Sami Khafaga Department of Software Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxila4400Pakistan Department of Computer Science Faculty of PhysicsEngineeringand Computer ScienceUniversity of HertfordshireHatfieldAL109ABUK Department of Computer Science College of Computer Science and Information SystemNajran UniversityNajran55461Saudi Arabia Departments of Information Systems College of Computer Science and Information SystemsNajran UniversityNajran61441Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Sciences College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityRiyadh11671Saudi Arabia

Tomato leaf diseases significantly impact crop production,necessitating early detection for sustainable *** Learning(DL)has recently shown excellent results in identifying and classifying tomato leaf ***,current DL methods often require substantial computational resources,hindering their application on resource-constrained *** propose the Deep Tomato Detection Network(DTomatoDNet),a lightweight DL-based framework comprising 19 learnable layers for efficient tomato leaf disease classification to overcome *** Convn kernels used in the proposed(DTomatoDNet)framework is 1×1,which reduces the number of parameters and helps in more detailed and descriptive feature extraction for *** proposed DTomatoDNet model is trained from scratch to determine the classification success rate.10,000 tomato leaf images(1000 images per class)from the publicly accessible dataset,covering one healthy category and nine disease categories,are utilized in training the proposed DTomatoDNet *** specifically,we classified tomato leaf images into Target Spot(TS),Early Blight(EB),Late Blight(LB),Bacterial Spot(BS),Leaf Mold(LM),Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus(YLCV),Septoria Leaf Spot(SLS),Spider Mites(SM),Tomato Mosaic Virus(MV),and Tomato Healthy(H).The proposed DTomatoDNet approach obtains a classification accuracy of 99.34%,demonstrating excellent accuracy in differentiating between tomato *** model could be used on mobile platforms because it is lightweight and designed with fewer *** farmers can utilize the proposed DTomatoDNet methodology to detect disease more quickly and easily once it has been integrated into mobile platforms by developing a mobile application.

关键词： CNN deep learning DTomatoDNet tomato leaf disease classification smart agriculture

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Detection of brain tumor using Hybridized 3D U-Net model on MRI images

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-29页

作者： Shreeharsha, J. Department of Computer Science and Engineering Rao Bahadur Y. Mahabaleswarappa Engineering College Karnataka Ballari India

The automatic detection of brain tumor is an emerging challenge because tumors vary in mass, nature, position, and similarities between the normal and brain lesions. First, the Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) images are acquired from Brain Tumor Segmentation (BraTS) 2018, 2019 and 2020 databases;here, BraTS2018, BraTS2019 and BraTS2020 databases are considered as DB1, DB2 and DB3. Next, the image denoising is carried out by employing a normalization technique to enhance contrast and intensity levels of the acquired MRI images. Then, a hybridized 3D U-Net model is introduced for Brain Tumor Detection (BTD). In the hybridized 3D U-Net model, a ResNet-50 model is incorporated as a feature extractor in the conventional 3D U-Net model. In this particular context, the ResNet-50 model extracts intricate textures and patterns from the denoised 3D brain images, and assists the 3D U-Net model in accurate segmentation and classification of four modalities of brain tumors: T1, T2, Contrast-Enhanced (CE) -T1, and flair. In the segmentation phase, the hybridized 3D U-Net model obtains maximum segmentation results with a dice coefficient of 96.82%, 98.06% and 98.80%, and Jaccard coefficient of 96.64%, 97.25%, and 98.60% on the DB1, DB2, and DB2 databases. Additionally, in the classification phase, the hybridized 3D U-Net model achieves significant classification results with accuracies of 99.32%, 99.40%, and 99.80% on the DB1, DB2, and DB3 databases, correspondingly. The implementation of this research has been uploaded to the GitHub repository at https://***/shreeharsha-revanth/Hybrid-3D-UNet/. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Image segmentation

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Systematic Security Guideline Framework through Intelligently Automated Vulnerability Analysis

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computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第3期78卷 3867-3889页

作者： Dahyeon Kim Namgi Kim Junho Ahn Computer Information Technology Korea National University of TransportationChungju27469Korea Department of AI Computer Science and Engineering Kyonggi UniversitySuwon16227Korea

This research aims to propose a practical framework designed for the automatic analysis of a product’s comprehensive functionality and security vulnerabilities,generating applicable guidelines based on real-world *** existing analysis of software security vulnerabilities often focuses on specific features or *** partial and arbitrary analysis of the security vulnerabilities makes it challenging to comprehend the overall security vulnerabilities of the *** key novelty lies in overcoming the constraints of partial *** proposed framework utilizes data from various sources to create a comprehensive functionality profile,facilitating the derivation of real-world security *** guidelines are dynamically generated by associating functional security vulnerabilities with the latest Common Vulnerabilities and Exposure(CVE)and Common Vulnerability Scoring System(CVSS)scores,resulting in automated guidelines tailored to each *** guidelines are not only practical but also applicable in real-world software,allowing for prioritized security *** proposed framework is applied to virtual private network(VPN)software,wherein a validated Level 2 data flow diagram is generated using the Spoofing,Tampering,Repudiation,Information Disclosure,Denial of Service,and Elevation of privilege(STRIDE)technique with references to various papers and examples from related *** analysis resulted in the identification of a total of 121 *** successful implementation and validation demonstrate the framework’s efficacy in generating customized guidelines for entire systems,subsystems,and selected modules.

关键词： Framework automation vulnerability analysis security guidelines

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An Investigation of Frequency-Domain Pruning Algorithms for Accelerating Human Activity Recognition Tasks Based on Sensor Data

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computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第11期81卷 2219-2242页

作者： Jian Su Haijian Shao Xing Deng Yingtao Jiang School of Computer Jiangsu University of Science and TechnologyZhenjiang212003China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of NevadaLas VegasNV 89154USA

The rapidly advancing Convolutional Neural Networks(CNNs)have brought about a paradigm shift in various computer vision tasks,while also garnering increasing interest and application in sensor-based Human Activity Recognition(HAR)***,the significant computational demands and memory requirements hinder the practical deployment of deep networks in resource-constrained *** paper introduces a novel network pruning method based on the energy spectral density of data in the frequency domain,which reduces the model’s depth and accelerates activity *** traditional pruning methods that focus on the spatial domain and the importance of filters,this method converts sensor data,such as HAR data,to the frequency domain for *** emphasizes the low-frequency components by calculating their energy spectral density ***,filters that meet the predefined thresholds are retained,and redundant filters are removed,leading to a significant reduction in model size without compromising performance or incurring additional computational ***,the proposed algorithm’s effectiveness is empirically validated on a standard five-layer CNNs backbone *** computational feasibility and data sensitivity of the proposed scheme are thoroughly ***,the classification accuracy on three benchmark HAR datasets UCI-HAR,WISDM,and PAMAP2 reaches 96.20%,98.40%,and 92.38%,***,our strategy achieves a reduction in Floating Point Operations(FLOPs)by 90.73%,93.70%,and 90.74%,respectively,along with a corresponding decrease in memory consumption by 90.53%,93.43%,and 90.05%.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks human activity recognition network pruning frequency-domain transformation

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A Voting Approach for Heart Sounds Classification Using Discrete Wavelet Transform and CNN Architecture

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SN computer science 2024年第2期5卷 251页

作者： Das, Sunanda Ahsan, Sk. Md. Masudul Rahman, Mahfujur Karim, Md. Shahriar Department of Computer Science and Engineering Khulna University of Engineering & amp

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a group of diseases that affect the heart or blood vessels and are the leading cause of mortality around the world. The main focus of this work is to classify heart sounds accurately before the condition of the heart worsens. Over the past few decades, audio-based classifications of medical data have received high consideration among various researchers. However, there are mainly two drawbacks while working with audio data. (1) variable length of the audio data and, (2) an inadequate number of class quintessential audio samples. In this work, reflection operation and the sliding window approach are employed to generate fixed-sized audio data. The proposed method applied Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Mel-Spectrogram for feature extraction. Furthermore, different augmentation techniques such as time-stretching and pitch-shifting are utilized in the method so that the proposed deep learning-based CNN architecture can be trained on a large amount of data. The proposed method is verified using two datasets provided by the ‘PASCAL Heart Sounds Challenge’, each of which contains a small number of heart sound samples of various lengths. In comparison, the experimental outcomes exhibit that the proposed approach outperforms many state-of-the-art methods with respect to sensitivity, specificity, precision, Youden index, etc. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd 2024.

关键词： Augmentation Convolutional neural network (CNN) Discrete wavelet transform (DWT) Sliding window Spectrogram

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Enhanced Steganalysis for Color Images Using Curvelet Features and Support Vector Machine

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computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第1期78卷 1311-1328页

作者： Arslan Akram Imran Khan Javed Rashid Mubbashar Saddique Muhammad Idrees Yazeed Yasin Ghadi Abdulmohsen Algarni Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology Department of Computer ScienceSuperior UniversityLahore54000Pakistan Machine Learning Code(MLC)Lab Meharban HouseHouse Number 209Zafar ColonyOkara56300Pakistan Information Technology Services University of OkaraOkara56310Pakistan Department of Computer Science&Engineering University of Engineering&Technology LahoreNarowal CampusNarowal51601Pakistan Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Al Ain UniversityAl Ain11671Abu Dhabi Department of Computer Science King Khalid UniversityAbha61421Saudi Arabia

Algorithms for steganography are methods of hiding data transfers in media *** machine learning architectures have been presented recently to improve stego image identification performance by using spatial information,and these methods have made it feasible to handle a wide range of problems associated with image *** with little information or low payload are used by information embedding methods,but the goal of all contemporary research is to employ high-payload images for *** address the need for both low-and high-payload images,this work provides a machine-learning approach to steganography image classification that uses Curvelet transformation to efficiently extract characteristics from both type of *** Vector Machine(SVM),a commonplace classification technique,has been employed to determine whether the image is a stego or *** Wavelet Obtained Weights(WOW),Spatial Universal Wavelet Relative Distortion(S-UNIWARD),Highly Undetectable Steganography(HUGO),and Minimizing the Power of Optimal Detector(MiPOD)steganography techniques are used in a variety of experimental scenarios to evaluate the performance of the *** WOW at several payloads,the proposed approach proves its classification accuracy of 98.60%.It exhibits its superiority over SOTA methods.

关键词： Curvelets fast fourier transformation support vector machine high pass filters steganography

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Automotive Visible-Light Communication: Alternative Devices and Systems

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Tsinghua science and Technology 2023年第4期28卷 719-728页

作者： Lin Cheng Yue Wu Chenren Xu Khadija Ashraf Ashwin Ashok Department of Engineering Trinity CollegeHartfordCT 06106USA Department of Computer Science Yale UniversityNew HavenCT 06520USA Department of Computer Science and Technology Peking UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Computer Science Georgia State UniversityAtlantaGA 30302USA

Continuous advancements in visible-light communication(VLC)technology have paved the way for future high-capacity communication links that can simultaneously provide data transmission and *** is being accepted as a potential complementary technology in 5G networks,and standardization efforts through IEEE 802.15.7 are on their ***,vehicular networking applications have become increasingly complex with tight power and performance ***,devices and systems that can meet diverse vehicular networking applications are in great *** this article,we discuss three alternatives for vehicular networking applications in(1)LED–photodiode-based active VLC,(2)VLC with a multicamera array receiver,and(3)passive VLC based on decoding information from optical *** also present our recent experimental and modeling work using our camera-based and passive VLC prototype implementations.

关键词： visible-light communications automobile camera communications

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Metaheuristic-Driven Two-Stage Ensemble Deep Learning for Lung/Colon Cancer Classification

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computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第9期80卷 3855-3880页

作者： Pouyan Razmjouei Elaheh Moharamkhani Mohamad Hasanvand Maryam Daneshfar Mohammad Shokouhifar Department of Electrical&Computer Engineering Valie-e-Asr University of RafsanjanKerman***Iran International Academic Relations Office(IRO) Computer Science DepartmentUniversity of HalabjaHalabja46018Iraq Department of Computer Engineering University of Mohaghegh ArdabiliArdabil***Iran Department of Biomedical Engineering Islamic Azad University of MashhadMashhad***Iran Department of Electrical&Computer Engineering Shahid Beheshti UniversityTehran***Iran

This study investigates the application of deep learning,ensemble learning,metaheuristic optimization,and image processing techniques for detecting lung and colon cancers,aiming to enhance treatment efficacy and improve survival *** introduce a metaheuristic-driven two-stage ensemble deep learning model for efficient lung/colon cancer *** diagnosis of lung and colon cancers is attempted using several unique indicators by different versions of deep Convolutional Neural Networks(CNNs)in feature extraction and model constructions,and utilizing the power of various Machine Learning(ML)algorithms for final ***,we consider different scenarios consisting of two-class colon cancer,three-class lung cancer,and fiveclass combined lung/colon cancer to conduct feature extraction using four *** extracted features are then integrated to create a comprehensive feature *** the next step,the optimization of the feature selection is conducted using a metaheuristic algorithm based on the Electric Eel Foraging Optimization(EEFO).This optimized feature subset is subsequently employed in various ML algorithms to determine the most effective ones through a rigorous evaluation *** top-performing algorithms are refined using the High-Performance Filter(HPF)and integrated into an ensemble learning framework employing weighted *** findings indicate that the proposed ensemble learning model significantly surpasses existing methods in classification accuracy across all datasets,achieving accuracies of 99.85%for the two-class,98.70%for the three-class,and 98.96%for the five-class datasets.

关键词： Lung cancer colon cancer feature selection electric eel foraging optimization deep learning ensemble learning

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