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Handover QG: Question Generation by Decoder Fusion and Reinforcement Learning

IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio Speech and Language Processing 2024年 32卷 3644-3655页

作者： Chung, Ho-Lam Chan, Ying-Hong Fan, Yao-Chung The Department of Computer Science Engineering National Chung Hsing University Taichung402 Taiwan

—In recent years, Question Generation (QG) has gained significant attention as a research topic, particularly in the context of its potential to support automatic reading comprehension assessment preparation. However, current QG models are mostly trained on factoid-type datasets, which tend to produce questions that are too simple for assessing advanced abilities. One promising alternative is to train QG models on exam-type datasets, which contain questions that require content reasoning. Unfortunately, there is a shortage of such training data compared to factoid-type questions. To address this issue and improve the quality of QG for generating advanced questions, we propose the Handover QG framework. This framework involves the joint training of exam-type QG and factoid-type QG, and controls the question generation process by interleavingly using the exam-type QG decoder and the factoid-type QG decoder. Furthermore, we employ reinforcement learning to enhance QG performance. Our experimental evaluation shows that our model significantly outperforms the compared baselines, with a BLEU-4 score increase from 5.31 to 6.48. Human evaluation also confirms that the questions generated by our model are answerable and appropriately difficult. Overall, the Handover QG framework offers a promising solution for improving QG performance in generating advanced questions for reading comprehension assessment. © 2024 IEEE. Personal use is permitted, but republication/redistribution requires IEEE permission.

关键词： Reinforcement learning

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Automated Disease Detection and Classification in Jackfruit Leaves: An Efficient Deep Learning-Based Approach 3rd

Automated Disease Detection and Classification in Jackfrui...

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3rd International Conference on Trends in Electronics and Health Informatics, TEHI 2023

作者： Saha, Dip Kumar Mahmud Joy, Md. Ashif Reza, Md. Rokonuzzaman Shovon, Reduanul Bari Department of Computer Science and Engineering American International University-Bangladesh Kuratoli Bangladesh Department of Computer Science and Engineering United International University Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Computer Science and Engineering The International University of Scholars Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Computer Science and Engineering Military Institute of Science and Technology Dhaka Bangladesh

ISBN: (纸本)9789819739363

Jackfruit is the national fruit of Bangladesh, and one of the most consumed fruits in India, Sri Lanka, Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Australia, and many more countries. The every year due to diseases jackfruit production stays lower than the expectation. The early identification of these diseases is crucial for agricultural productivity, and our research showcases the effectiveness of deep learning techniques in addressing this issue. This study introduces an innovative approach to detect and classify two common jackfruit leaf diseases, algal spot and black spot, combining the YOLOv8 object detection model and the EfficientNetB7 pre-trained deep convolutional neural network model. The models trained on 6,360 images of those two diseases and our methodology achieved an accuracy of 99.9% on training and 99.5% on testing. This work represents a valuable contribution to agriculture, emphasizing the synergy between cutting-edge technology and age-old challenges, with the potential to positively impact the agricultural industry and global food security. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Citrus fruits

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Enhancement of patient's health prediction system in a graphical representation using digital twin technology

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2024年 1-25页

作者： Sobhana, M. Ch, Smitha Chowdary Koneru, Sowmya Mohan, G. Krishna Kumar, K. Kranthi Department of Computer Science and Engineering V.R. Siddhartha Engineering College Andhra Pradesh Vijayawada520007 India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation Andhra Pradesh Vaddeswaram522302 India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Dhanekula Institute of Engineering & ampTechnology Andhra Pradesh Vijayawada521139 India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation Andhra Pradesh Vaddeswaram India Department of IT Vasireddy Venkatadri Institute of Technology Andhra Pradesh Guntur522508 India

The patient health prediction system is the most critical study in medical research. Several prediction models exist to predict the patient's health condition. However, a relevant result was not attained because of poor quality. The IoT-sensed data contains more noise content, which maximizes the complexity of the health prediction. These demerits resulted in low prediction and performance scores. So the proposed work aims to develop a novel Coati-based Recurrent Digital Twin Framework (CbRDTF) to predict the patients' health conditions. The novelty of this research lies in the combined function of the coati optimization and recurrent network with the digital twin for health prediction. Initially, the IoT-sensed data was imported, the data were preprocessed, and meaningful features were selected. Then predict the health condition of the patients and classify the conditions. Here the incorporated coati function at the classification layer extracted the relevant features from the sensed medical data for the robust prediction and also modified the parameters of the recurrent digital twin to improve the prediction and classification accuracy. Finally, the performance was measured;the presented model attained a high exactness score of 99.81% in the prediction accuracy, recall, f-value, and precision;it also, validated the computation time of 611.81 s. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Deep neural networks

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Comprehensive analysis of various imputation and forecasting models for predicting PM2.5 pollutant in Delhi

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年 1-18页

作者： Karnati, Hemanth Soma, Anuraag Alam, Adnan Kalaavathi, B. School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Tamil Nadu Vellore632014 India Department of IoT School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Tamil Nadu Vellore632014 India

Understanding and predicting air quality is pivotal for public health and environmental management, especially in urban areas like Delhi. This study utilizes a comprehensive dataset from the Central Pollution Control Board, detailing air pollutant concentrations at the ITO (Income Tax Office), Delhi station, from 2017 to 2023. Our focus on pollutants such as PM2.5, PM10, NO2, NH3, SO2, ozone, and CO highlights the challenges posed by missing data in environmental studies. Through the application of several imputation models, including KNN, linear regression, forward fill + backward fill, Fourier + KNN, linear interpolation, and statistical methods, we identified combination of forward fill and backward fill as the most effective method for addressing data gaps, specifically for ozone measurements. Building on this imputed dataset, we employ various forecasting models to predict PM2.5 levels, a critical pollutant. Our exploration includes time series and deep learning approaches, such as LSTM, Bi-LSTM, CNN-LSTM, GRU, Deep AR, WaveNet, TCN, ARIMA, SARIMA, and Prophet. The performance of these models is evaluated using daily data, with Bi-LSTM and LSTM with attention emerging as the top performers due to their accuracy in predicting PM2.5 concentrations. The implications of our findings extend beyond academic interest, offering practical insights for environmental policy and health advisories in Delhi. By demonstrating the efficacy of specific imputation and forecasting techniques, our research contributes to the broader effort of improving air quality monitoring and prediction. The success of Bi-LSTM and LSTM with attention models, in particular, suggests a promising avenue for future studies aiming to enhance the precision of environmental forecasts. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Time series

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An Optimised Task Scheduling of Remote Sensing Data Processing for Smart Patient Health Monitoring

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Remote Sensing in Earth Systems sciences 2024年第4期7卷 542-553页

作者： Ravikishan, Surapaneni Reddy, B. Eswar Rao, K. V. Sambasiva Department of Computer Science and Engineering JNTUA Anantapur 515002 India Department of Computer Science and Engineering NRI Institute of Technology Vijayawada 521212 India

In healthcare, remote sensing technologies are popular for smart patient health monitoring. Real-time health assessment and early intervention are possible using remote sensing data from wearable sensors and imaging equipment. However, processing and analysing huge remote sensing data are complex. Task scheduling improves processing workflow for accurate and fast health monitoring. This research offered the optimised task scheduling of remote sensing data processing for smart patient health monitoring, to describe the processing activities such as data preparation, task scheduling algorithms, and decision-making involved in data analysis from remote sensing. We used datasets associated with Internet of Things (IoT) devices that patients wear as sensors on their wrists. We used min–max normalisation to standardise the data’s scale after preprocessing the data and choose the task scheduling algorithm methods to distribute work among resources effectively. We proposed the multi-objective dwarf mongoose optimised with Deep Q Network (MODMO-DQN), which aims to address the task scheduling issue for remote sensing data processing in the Internet of Things by monitoring vital sign data of faraway patients. Next, to optimise the e-health services, an optimisation module built on top of MODMO-DQN is developed. The experiment compares the variation in completion time in the remote sensing data process. The results showed that the proposed perform to compare the existing methods. This will make it possible to evaluate the suggested works in terms of throughput, latency, energy usage, and task scheduling efficiency. The performance analysis shows that the recommended method is successful and may be a feasible and efficient solution to track patient vital sign data in Internet of Things-based e-Health. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.

关键词： Cloud E-health Min–max normalisation Multi-objective dwarf mongoose optimised with Deep Q Network (MODMO-DQN) Remote sensing Smart healthcare Task scheduling algorithm

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A review on deepfake generation and detection: bibliometric analysis

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2024年第40期83卷 87579-87619页

作者： Kaushal, Anukriti Kumar, Sanjay Kumar, Rajeev Department of Computer Science and Engineering Delhi Technological University New Delhi110042 India

Deepfake refers to an artificial intelligence-based technique to produce manipulated videos that look realistic. However, this good aspect of Deepfake sometimes pose serious threats to society as malicious intenet users exploit deepfakes to disseminate false information. That’s why a lot of research and applications are being developed in both the deepfake generation as well as detection field to mitigate its negative effect. Given the intensity of the work and its imporatnce in the field, there is a need to comprehensively review the existing literature and provide probable directions for future works considering the identified gaps and limitations. So, in this paper, a bibliometric analysis is conducted to provide a comprehensive analysis of this topic from various aspects such as influential authors who are active in this field and their collaboration, as well as countries and more specific institutions investing annually. In this study, the primary source of data is Web of science (WoS), and we’ve employed keyword-based searches to retrieve pertinent information. The collected data from WoS has been scrutinized along several dimensions, including top document types, publication trends, source titles, and the productivity of various locations with an annual breakdown. To delve into collaborative efforts among institutions, authors, and regions, we utilized the VOSviewer tool. Additionally, the CiteSpace tool aided in identifying key focal points, research trajectories, and pinpointing significant shifts in citations for keywords. This comprehensive approach contributes to the in-depth analysis presented in this paper. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Bibliometric analysis Deepfake GAN WoS

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Unsupervised Point Cloud Co-Part Segmentation via Co-Attended Superpoint Generation and Aggregation

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IEEE Transactions on Multimedia 2024年 26卷 7775-7786页

作者： Umam, Ardian Yang, Cheng-Kun Chuang, Jen-Hui Lin, Yen-Yu National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Department of Computer Science Hsinchu30010 Taiwan National Taiwan University Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Taipei10617 Taiwan

We propose a co-part segmentation method that takes a set of point clouds of the same category as input where neither a ground truth label nor a prior network is required. With difficulties caused by the label absence, we formulate the co-part segmentation task into two subtasks, including superpoint generation and part aggregation. In the first subtask, our superpoint generation network divides each point cloud into homogeneous partitions, each called superpoint, while in the second subtask, these superpoints are further aggregated into a few semantic parts via our part aggregation network. We introduce the coupled attention blocks in the part aggregation network to explicitly enforce semantic consistency in the segmentation by exploiting intra-, inter-, and paired-cloud geometrical information by minimizing the devised intra-, inter-, and paired-cloud losses, respectively. The intra-cloud loss triggers a semantic segmentation in each point cloud, while the inter-cloud loss considers all clouds to enforce their semantic consistency. The paired-cloud loss is designed to ensure that each part of one point cloud can be discriminatively reconstructed from the superpoints of another point cloud. We perform experiments on two benchmark datasets, ShapeNet part and COSEG, and provide quantitative and qualitative results to demonstrate the superiority of our method over existing methods. We also show that the proposed method can help several downstream tasks, including semi-supervised part segmentation and data augmentation for shape classification. © 1999-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Semantics

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Designing New Blood-Brain Barrier Penetrating Molecules Using Novel Hybridized Gravitational Search Algorithm and Explainable AI

IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence

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IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence 2024年第5期5卷 2127-2138页

作者： Singh, Vishakha Sharma, Ritesh Singh, Sanjay Kumar Indian Institute of Technology BHU Department of Computer Science and Engineering Varanasi221005 India

Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a powerful tool in computational biology, where it is being used to analyze large datasets to detect difficult biological patterns. This has enabled the design of new drug molecules. In this article, a novel method called hybridized gravitational search algorithm (HyGSA) has been proposed to design novel blood-brain barrier penetrating peptides (B3P2s) with desirable characteristics that enable them to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and deliver neurological drugs directly to the brain. The HyGSA has two important modules in the form of an explainable machine learning classifier (with an accuracy, f1-score, and area under the ROC curve (AUROC) of 84%, 84%, and 91%, respectively) and an explainable deep learning-based B3P2 classifier (with an accuracy, f1-score, and AUROC of 89%, 91%, and 95%, respectively). The former was used to determine the crucial hand-engineered features, and the latter was designed to determine the critical amino acids that play an important role in the BBB penetrability of a peptide. Moreover, the population of particles was sampled at the beginning of each iteration to ensure a good mix of particles with low, average, and high fitness. This was achieved using a novel method that takes inspiration from the subset-sum problem and uses the mean and variance of the distribution of particles. For the pilot study, some B3P2s were discovered and optimized from a set of cell-penetrating peptides. Lastly, a free online tool has been deployed at https://*** to help the scientific community discover and optimize B3P2s in protein sequences. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Peptides

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xCCL:A Survey of Industry-Led Collective Communication Libraries for Deep Learning

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Journal of computer science & Technology 2023年第1期38卷 166-195页

作者： Adam Weingram 李雨珂戚昊 Darren Ng 代柳瑶鲁小亿 Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of CaliforniaMercedMerced 95343U.S.A.

Machine learning techniques have become ubiquitous both in industry and academic *** model sizes and training data volumes necessitate fast and efficient distributed training *** communications greatly simplify inter-and intra-node data transfer and are an essential part of the distributed training process as information such as gradients must be shared between processing *** this paper,we survey the current state-of-the-art collective communication libraries(namely xCCL,including NCCL,oneCCL,RCCL,MSCCL,ACCL,and Gloo),with a focus on the industry-led ones for deep learning *** investigate the design features of these xCCLs,discuss their use cases in the industry deep learning workloads,compare their performance with industry-made benchmarks(i.e.,NCCL Tests and PARAM),and discuss key take-aways and interesting *** believe our survey sheds light on potential research directions of future designs for xCCLs.

关键词： collective deep learning distributed training GPUDirect RDMA(remote direct memory access)

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Optimizing Round Robin Scheduling with DBSCAN Clustering and Machine Learning

Optimizing Round Robin Scheduling with DBSCAN Clustering and...

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2024 IEEE International Conference on Signal Processing, Information, Communication and Systems, SPICSCON 2024

作者： Hossain, Md Mehrab Biva, Nanziba Khan Nahid, Nafiz Rifat, Ariful Islam Islam, Ashraful Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sylhet Engineering College Sylhet Bangladesh Department of Computer Science and Engineering Faridpur Engineering College Faridpur Bangladesh Department of Computer Science and Engineering American International University Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Computer Science University of Regina Regina Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9798331510213

In the intricate realm of operating systems, scheduling algorithms play a pivotal role in resource allocation and process completion, directly impacting overall system performance. The quest for an efficient and optimized scheduling algorithm is perpetual in the pursuit of optimal operating system utilization. The Round Robin algorithm, known for its robust time-sharing methodology, emerges as a stalwart in the scheduling context. Its versatility spans various domains, making it a preferred choice in both general-purpose computing environments and real-time systems. This study aims to elevate the performance of the Round Robin algorithm in terms of average waiting time and number of context switches without altering its core algorithmic structure. A novel approach is proposed, utilizing DBSCAN to group related processes and determine a more accurate and efficient time quantum. Departing from the conventional practice of using a single time quantum for the entire schedule, we divide the schedule into groups. The optimal time quantum for each group is derived through machine learning and deep learning algorithms, leveraging rigorous features extracted from the schedule. Notably, the LSTM model emerges as the top performer, achieving an impressive 97% accuracy. The proposed modified version consistently outshines its traditional counterpart. In 92% of cases, the modified version demonstrates superior performance in average waiting time while achieving a 96.5% improvement in context switching. Considering both metrics, the modified version showcases a notable enhancement in 87.8% of cases. This holistic assessment unveils a 5% reduction in average waiting time and a substantial 15% decrease in context switching, signifying a meaningful advancement in overall system performance. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Scheduling algorithms

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