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13th IAPR-TC-15 International Workshop on Graph-Based Representations in Pattern Recognition, GbRPR 2023

作者： Carletti, Vincenzo Foggia, Pasquale Vento, Mario Department of Information Engineering Electrical Engineering and Applied Mathematics University of Salerno Fisciano Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9783031427947

Nowadays, millions of Internet of Things (IoT) devices communicate over the Internet, thus becoming potential targets for cyberattacks. Due to the limited hardware capabilities of these devices, host-based countermeasures are unlikely to be deployed on them, making network traffic analysis the only reasonable way to detect malicious activities. In this paper, we face the problem of identifying abnormal communications in IoT networks using graph-based anomaly detection methods. Although anomaly detection has already been applied to graph-based data, most existing methods have been used for static graphs, with the aim of detecting anomalous nodes. In our case, the graphs represent snapshots of the network traffic, and change with time. In this paper we compare different graph-based methods, and different graph representations of the network traffic, using two large datasets of real IoT data. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Internet of things

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A transformer model for boundary detection in continuous sign language

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2024年第42期83卷 89931-89948页

作者： Rastgoo, Razieh Kiani, Kourosh Escalera, Sergio Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Semnan University Semnan*** Iran Sergio Escalera Department of Mathematics and Informatics Universität de Barcelona and Computer Vision Center Barcelona Spain

Sign Language Recognition (SLR) has garnered significant attention from researchers in recent years, particularly the intricate domain of Continuous Sign Language Recognition (CSLR), which presents heightened complexity compared to Isolated Sign Language Recognition (ISLR). One of the prominent challenges in CSLR pertains to accurately detecting the boundaries of isolated signs within a continuous video stream. Additionally, the reliance on handcrafted features in existing models poses a challenge to achieving optimal accuracy. To surmount these challenges, we propose a novel approach utilizing a Transformer-based model. Unlike traditional models, our approach focuses on enhancing accuracy while eliminating the need for handcrafted features. The Transformer model is employed for both ISLR and CSLR. The training process involves using isolated sign videos, where hand keypoint features extracted from the input video are enriched using the Transformer model. Subsequently, these enriched features are forwarded to the final classification layer. The trained model, coupled with a post-processing method, is then applied to detect isolated sign boundaries within continuous sign videos. The evaluation of our model is conducted on two distinct datasets, including both continuous signs and their corresponding isolated signs, demonstrates promising results. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Gesture recognition

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Addressing Imbalance in Health Datasets: A New Method NR-Clustering SMOTE and Distance Metric Modification

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computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第2期82卷 2931-2949页

作者： Hairani Hairani Triyanna Widiyaningtyas Didik Dwi Prasetya Afrig Aminuddin Department of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Faculty of EngineeringUniversitas Negeri MalangMalang65145Indonesia Department of Computer Science Universitas BumigoraMataram83127Indonesia Department of Computer Graphic and Multimedia Faculty of ComputingCollege of Computing and Applied SciencesUniversiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan AbdullahPekan26600Malaysia

An imbalanced dataset often challenges machine learning, particularly classification methods. Underrepresented minority classes can result in biased and inaccurate models. The Synthetic Minority Over-Sampling Technique (SMOTE) was developed to address the problem of imbalanced data. Over time, several weaknesses of the SMOTE method have been identified in generating synthetic minority class data, such as overlapping, noise, and small disjuncts. However, these studies generally focus on only one of SMOTE’s weaknesses: noise or overlapping. Therefore, this study addresses both issues simultaneously by tackling noise and overlapping in SMOTE-generated data. This study proposes a combined approach of filtering, clustering, and distance modification to reduce noise and overlapping produced by SMOTE. Filtering removes minority class data (noise) located in majority class regions, with the k-nn method applied for filtering. The use of Noise Reduction (NR), which removes data that is considered noise before applying SMOTE, has a positive impact in overcoming data imbalance. Clustering establishes decision boundaries by partitioning data into clusters, allowing SMOTE with modified distance metrics to generate minority class data within each cluster. This SMOTE clustering and distance modification approach aims to minimize overlap in synthetic minority data that could introduce noise. The proposed method is called “NR-Clustering SMOTE,” which has several stages in balancing data: (1) filtering by removing minority classes close to majority classes (data noise) using the k-nn method;(2) clustering data using K-means aims to establish decision boundaries by partitioning data into several clusters;(3) applying SMOTE oversampling with Manhattan distance within each cluster. Test results indicate that the proposed NR-Clustering SMOTE method achieves the best performance across all evaluation metrics for classification methods such as Random Forest, SVM, and Naїve Bayes, compared t

关键词： SMOTE modification Clustering-SMOTE manhattan distance

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Spatio-temporal Graph-Based Generation and Detection of Adversarial False Data Injection Evasion Attacks in Smart Grids

IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence

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IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence 2024年第12期5卷 6601-6616页

作者： Takiddin, Abdulrahman Ismail, Muhammad Atat, Rachad Serpedin, Erchin Florida State University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering FAMU-FSU College of Engineering TallahasseeFL32310 United States Tennessee Tech University Department of Computer Science CookevilleTN38505 United States Lebanese American University Department of Computer Science and Mathematics Beirut1102-2801 Lebanon Texas A&M University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering College StationTX77843 United States

Smart power grids are vulnerable to security threats due to their cyber-physical nature. Existing data-driven detectors aim to address simple traditional false data injection attacks (FDIAs). However, adversarial false data injection evasion attacks (FDIEAs) present a more serious threat as adversaries, with different levels of knowledge about the system, inject adversarial samples to circumvent the grid's attack detection system. The robustness of state-of-the-art graph-based detectors has not been investigated against sophisticated FDIEAs. Hence, this article answers three research questions. 1) What is the impact of utilizing spatio-temporal features to craft adversarial samples and how to select attack nodes? 2) How can adversaries generate surrogate spatio-temporal data when they lack knowledge about the system topology? 3) What are the required model characteristics for a robust detection against adversarial FDIEAs? To answer the questions, we examine the robustness of several detectors against five attack cases and conclude the following: 1) Attack generation with full knowledge using spatio-temporal features leads to 5%-26% and 2%-5% higher degradation in detection rate (DR) compared to traditional FDIAs and using temporal features, respectively, whereas centrality analysis-based attack node selection leads to 3%-11% higher degradation in DR compared to a random selection;2) Stochastic geometry-based graph generation to create surrogate adversarial topologies and samples leads to 3%-13% higher degradation in DR compared to traditional FDIAs;and 3) Adopting an unsupervised spatio-temporal graph autoencoder (STGAE)-based detector enhances the DR by 5-53% compared to benchmark detectors against FDIEAs. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Cyber attacks

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Implementation of Variable Capacitance to Improve Efficiency for Asymmetric LCC-LCC Compensated Wireless Power Transfer Systems

Implementation of Variable Capacitance to Improve Efficiency...

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2024 Energy Conversion Congress and Expo Europe, ECCE Europe 2024

作者： Zhu, Gangwei Dong, Jianning Wang, Jundong Deng, Zichen Li, Yongpeng Bauer, Pavol Delft University of Technology Mathematics and Computer Science Department of Electrical Engineering Delft Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9798350364446

This paper proposes a variable-capacitance-based control strategy to improve efficiency for asymmetric LCC-LCC compensated wireless power transfer (WPT) systems. While the existing triple-phase-shift (TPS) method can achieve power regulation and wide-range zero-voltage-switching (ZVS), it results in significantly increased reactive power under asymmetric LCC-LCC compensation topology. To this end, this paper incorporates a switch-controlled-capacitor (SCC) on the primary side. The impact of variable capacitance on the system characteristics is first investigated. Furthermore, the optimal capacitor tuning factor is derived to achieve the inverter ZVS with minimal reactive power. Through the implementation of variable capacitance, the primary inductor current is notably reduced within a wide range of power. Moreover, the turn-off currents of power switches are minimized. These factors contribute to a reduction in inductor and inverter losses, thus improving the overall efficiency. Experimental results confirm that the proposed method improves the efficiency of an asymmetric LCC-LCC compensated WPT prototype, with a maximum efficiency improvement of up to 1.8%. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Capacitor bank

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A Hybrid Rectifier Mode Control for Communication-Free Wireless Power Transfer

A Hybrid Rectifier Mode Control for Communication-Free Wirel...

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2024 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2024

作者： Zhu, Gangwei Dong, Jianning Bauer, Pavol Delft University of Technology Department of Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer Science Delft Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9798350376067

This paper presents a hybrid rectifier mode control for broad-range output power regulation in wireless power transfer (WPT) systems. The proposed control method employs a secondary-side active rectifier for output tuning, thereby eliminating the necessity for communication links. Furthermore, leveraging the pulse-skipping technique, two hybrid modes are introduced in the proposed approach. These hybrid modes reduce circulating reactive power within the resonant circuits, thereby optimizing the transmission efficiency of the WPT systems. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, experiments were conducted using a WPT prototype. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves higher efficiency than the conventional phase-shift control strategy, with a maximum efficiency improvement of up to 3.7%. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Inductive power transmission

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Power Density Limits of Propulsion Motor for Electric Aircraft: A Study on Insulation Thickness

Power Density Limits of Propulsion Motor for Electric Aircra...

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2024 International Conference on electrical Machines, ICEM 2024

作者： Wang, Jundong Dong, Jianning Niasar, Mohamad Ghaffarian Zhu, Gangwei Bauer, Pavol Delft University of Technology Department of Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer Science Delft Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9798350370607

This paper studies the power density limits of propulsion motor for electric aircraft considering thermal aspects and breakdown voltage reduction of insulation. The study em-ploys multi-objective optimization (MOO) to explore various mo-tor cooling options and filter configurations. The results show that motors with direct winding heat exchanger (DWHE) can reach higher specific power, while those equipped with water jacket cooling (WJC) offer a moderate design with simpler structure. Furthermore, the impact of sine wave and dv/dt filters on electric motors design is studied. The findings demonstrate that dv/dt filters enable designs with higher overall specific power compared to sine wave filters. Through simulations, this study identify the challenge faced by aviation motor design in significantly increased insulation thickness, necessitating advanced insulation materials with a minimum thermal conductivity of 5 W/(m.K) to facilitate a high specific power design. Based on this assumption, a preliminary design of 9.6 kW/kg with an efficiency of 98% is presented. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Thermal insulation

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Parameters Estimation of Modified Triple Diode Model of PSCs Considering Charge Accumulations and Electric Field Effects Using Puma Optimizer

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computer Modeling in engineering & Sciences 2025年第4期143卷 723-745页

作者： Amlak Abaza Ragab A.El-Sehiemy Mona Gafar Ahmed Bayoumi Electrical Engineering Department Faculty of EngineeringKafrelsheikh UniversityKafrelsheikh33516Egypt Department of Computer Engineering and Information College of Engineering inWadi AlddawasirPrince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityKharj16278Saudi Arabia Machine Learning and Information Retrieval Department Artificial IntelligenceKafrelsheikh UniversityKafrelsheikh33516Egypt Electrical Department Faculty of Engineering and TechnologyBadr University in CairoBadr11829Egypt Physics and Mathematics Department Faculty of EngineeringKafrelsheikh UniversityKafrelsheikh33516Egypt College of Engineering Al-Ayen UniversityThi-Qar64001Iraq

Promoting the high penetration of renewable energies like photovoltaic(PV)systems has become an urgent issue for expanding modern power grids and has accomplished several challenges compared to existing distribution *** study measures the effectiveness of the Puma optimizer(PO)algorithm in parameter estimation of PSC(perovskite solar cells)dynamic models with hysteresis consideration considering the electric field effects on *** models used in this study will incorporate hysteresis effects to capture the time-dependent behavior of PSCs *** PO optimizes the proposed modified triple diode model(TDM)with a variable voltage capacitor and resistances(VVCARs)considering the hysteresis *** suggested PO algorithm contrasts with other wellknown optimizers from the literature to demonstrate its *** results emphasize that the PO realizes a lower RMSE(Root mean square errors),which proves its capability and efficacy in parameter extraction for the *** statistical results emphasize the efficiency and supremacy of the proposed PO compared to the other well-known competing *** convergence rates show good,fast,and stable convergence rates with lower RMSE via PO compared to the other five competitive ***,the lowermean realized via the PO optimizer is illustrated by the box plot for all optimizers.

关键词： Dynamic model of PSCs puma optimizer parameter estimation triple diode model

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Robustness of generative AI detection: adversarial attacks on black-box neural text detectors

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International Journal of Speech Technology 2024年第4期27卷 861-874页

作者： Fishchuk, Vitalii Braun, Daniel Faculty of Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer Science University of Twente Enschede Netherlands Department of High-tech Business and Entrepreneurship University of Twente Enschede Netherlands

The increased quality and human-likeness of AI generated texts has resulted in a rising demand for neural text detectors, i.e. software that is able to detect whether a text was written by a human or generated by an AI. Such tools are often used in contexts where the use of AI is restricted or completely prohibited, e.g. in educational contexts. It is, therefore, important for the effectiveness of such tools that they are robust towards deliberate attempts to hide the fact that a text was generated by an AI. In this article, we investigate a broad range of adversarial attacks in English texts with six different neural text detectors, including commercial and research tools. While the results show that no detector is completely invulnerable to adversarial attacks, the latest generation of commercial detectors proved to be very robust and not significantly influenced by most of the evaluated attack strategies. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Generative adversarial networks

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Maintenance Optimization of Dormant Systems Submitted to Failure Based PM and Imperfect CM.

Maintenance Optimization of Dormant Systems Submitted to Fai...

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2023 International Conference on Information and Digital Technologies, IDT 2023

作者： Bris, Radim Jahoda, Pavel Vsb - Technical University of Ostrava Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department of Applied Mathematics Czech Republic

ISBN: (纸本)9798350305869

This paper deals with the exploration of a system which acts on demand in case of emergency matter. To verify functionality, each component of the system must be regularly inspected with a specified inspection interval and tested to find latent failures. A failure-based preventive maintenance (PM) is considered, in context with the imperfect corrective maintenance model. This means that PM brings full renew which is realized after a beforehand setting the number of failures. If a failure occurs, it is detected during the first follow-up inspection and the reparation process starts. The imperfect corrective maintenance model is intended where each repair deteriorates the system life-time whose probability distribution is gradually altered through rising failure rate. Reliability mathematics for unavailability analysis is briefly demonstrated. The new renewal process model, including the failure-based PM, has been termed as a real ageing process. The imperfect corrective maintenance as well as increasing length of the inspection interval result in unwanted increase of system unavailability function which can be eliminated as well as optimized by the properly selected failure-based PM applied to all system components. If the PM is fixed due to cost, inspection intervals of system components can be optimized to keep the maximal value of the unavailability function in its original level. Sensitivity analysis applied to the length of the optimal inspection intervals with regard to gradually changing PM is demonstrated. This optimization process is demonstrated on a four-component system adopted from references. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Preventive maintenance

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